届高考英语外刊作文素材阅读讲义107.docx
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届高考英语外刊作文素材阅读讲义107.docx
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届高考英语外刊作文素材阅读讲义107
2021届高考英语外刊作文素材阅读讲义107
翻译和笔记在后面哦~
Finland
PrescribingtabletsFinnsturntotechnologytohelpfrailoldpeopleliveathome
INAGREYofficebuildingontheoutskirtsofHelsinki,achattysocialworkerismeetingsixelderlypeoplefromaroundtownforlunch—viatabletsproppedontheirkitchentables.Forthenexthalf-hourshetalkstothemabouttheirdayandremindsthemtohavesomethingtodrink,becausedehydrationisparticularlydangerousforolderpeople(makingthemmorepronetofalls,amongotherthings).Glassesofmilkandwateraredulyraised.
ThevirtuallunchgroupispartofHelsinki’sremote-careprogramforitselderly.Whilemanycountrieswithbulgingelderlypopulationsarebuildingnewcarehomes,Finlandisnotplanningtodosoand,instead,islookingafterpeopleintheirownhomesforlonger—eventhosewithdementiawholivealone.
TheguidingprincipleinFinlandisthatforanyone,nomatterwhattheirage,“homeisbest”,saysAnna-LiisaLyytinenfromHelsinki’ssocial-servicesdepartment.Nursesandcareworkersdropin,oftenseveraltimesaday,tohelpwithmeals,bathing,medication,orjusttocheckthateverythingisallright.
SuchapainstakingservicewillbehardertoprovideasFinlandages.Inthenexttenyearsthenumberofresidentsolderthan75isexpectedtoincreasebyaroundhalf,aspeoplelivelongerandthebaby-boomersbecomeoctogenarians.
Finland’sanswertothischallengeistechnology—unsurprisinginacountrythatclaimstohavethebiggestnumberofdigitalhealthstartupsperperson.Atarecentinternationalhealth-techfairinHelsinkimany,ifnotmost,oftheofferingsattheFinnishpavilionhadtodowithhelpingfrailelderlypeopletoliveindependently.Thatinvolvestwochallenges:
makingsurethatcareworkersknowimmediatelywhensomethinggoeswrong(anoldpersonfallsover,forexample)andslowingthedeclineofelderlymindsandbodies.
InHelsinki’smunicipalhome-careprogram,about4,000frailpeopleareequippedwithvarioussafetygadgets.TheseincludewristbandswithGPS,afalldetector,analarmbuttonandaphonelinelinkedtocareworkers,whomonitorthewearer’slocationontheircomputerscreens.Somepeoplewhohavedementiahavesensorsontheirfrontdoors,whichsendalertstothecareteamiftheygoout.Mostofthemaretooinfirmtowalkaboutmuch,sotheyrarelyleavetheirhomes,saysHannaHamalainen,aformermanagerattheprogram.Whentheydogoout,shesays,itisusuallytodropinonfriendsnearby.Butiftheyventureoutinthemiddleofthenightorstraytoofarfromhome,careworkersaredispatchedtofindthem.
Technologycannotreplacecareworkers,butitcanhelp.ThemostcommonreasonforahomevisitbyasocialworkerinHelsinkiistocheckthatGrandmaistakinghermedicine.Apill-dispensingrobotinherhomecandothat.Eachholdsatwo-weeksupplyofmultipledrugs,chimesareminderwhenitistimetotakethemanddispensestherightcombination.Foroneinfivepeoplewhotrythemtherobotsdon’twork,usuallybecauseGrandmaisreluctanttotakelotsofpillsorhasadvanceddementia.Butfortherest,theyhavecutmedication-relatedvisitsbynursesfrom30tojustfouramonth.
TheideaoffrailoldfolklivingaloneperhapsworriesFinnishpeoplelessthanmanyothers;Finnspridethemselvesontheirruggedself-reliance.Awelcomepackforforeignjournalistsincludesabookofcartoonsdepicting“Finnishnightmares”,suchashavingtosay“hello”toaneighbour.Socialisolation,however,isabigproblemfortheelderlybecauseitleadstofastercognitiveandphysicaldecline.Todealwiththat,Helsinkirunsvirtualget-togethersforitshomeboundelderlythatincludequizzes,chairexerciseclasses,sing-alongs,bookclubsandareligiousdiscussionledbyapriest.Theseshouldberegardedasextras,though.Adegreeofpersonalinteraction,notjustthevirtualkind,issurelynecessaryevenforFinns.
Thebiggestchallengeforbothhumansandgadgetsistospotproblemsearly.SomeFinnishtownsaretestingtechnologytounobtrusivelytrackthedailyactivitypatternsofpeoplewholivealone.Localtechcompanies,includingMariCareOyandBenete,havedevelopedsystemsthatuseanetworkofmotionsensorstogatherdataonthingslikehowmuchapersonmovesabout,visitsthebathroomoropensthefridge.Careworkersusedashboardsummariesofsuchdatatoprioritisewhomtovisitandwhattocheckfor.Ajumpinbathroomvisits,forexample,maybeasignofaurinary-tractinfection.Notopeningthefridgeasmuchisahintthatmemoryproblemsmaybegettingworse.
Gizmossometimesmisfire.Wristbandsgiveoutthewrongco-ordinates,triggeringfalsealarms.AsensormayfailbecauseGrandpadrapedatoweloverit.Someelderlyfolkforgettochargetheirtablets.Suchproblemscanbefixed.Butevenso,theshareofcontactsthathome-careworkersinHelsinkimakevirtuallyisnotexpectedtorisemuchfromitscurrent8%(outof250,000visitsamonth).
Thebiggestgainfromtechnologymaybethatitmakesiteasiertokeepoldpeoplefitenoughtoremainintheirownhomesforlonger.Thisismuchcheaperthananinstitution,andusuallynicer,too.
A65-year-oldFinncanexpecttoliveanother20years,amongthelongestlifeexpectancyinEurope.ButFinlandisinthebottomhalfofEUcountrieswhenitcomestohowmanyofthoseyearsarespentingoodhealth,thankstoafattydietandarelativelackofexercise,perhapsbecausethewintersaresolong.Noteveryproblemhasatechnologicalfix.
FinlandPrescribingtabletsFinnsturntotechnologytohelpfrailoldpeopleliveathome芬兰平板处方芬兰人用科技协助病弱老人在家生活
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Finland/'finlənd/n.芬兰
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prescribe/prɪ'skraɪb/给…开药(开处方)
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tosaywhatmedicineortreatmentasickpersonshouldhave
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Ifthesedon’tworkImayhavetoprescribeyousomethingstronger.
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如果这些药无效,我也许得给你开一些药效更强的。
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tablet/'tæblət/n.药片;平板电脑(这里一语双关)
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frail/freɪl/adj.虚弱的;脆弱的
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frailbody/physique瘦弱的身体/虚弱的体格
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Oldfriendsmeetforanatter—noneedforsnowboots不必穿上雪靴,老友也能聚会
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natter/'nætɚ/
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theactoftalkingaboutunimportantthings闲聊,闲谈
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Wesatdownandhadanatterandacupoftea.
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我们坐下来聊天喝茶。
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snowboot雪地靴
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INAGREYofficebuildingontheoutskirtsofHelsinki,achattysocialworkerismeetingsixelderlypeoplefromaroundtownforlunch—viatabletsproppedontheirkitchentables.Forthenexthalf-hourshetalkstothemabouttheirdayandremindsthemtohavesomethingtodrink,becausedehydrationisparticularlydangerousforolderpeople(makingthemmorepronetofalls,amongotherthings).Glassesofmilkandwateraredulyraised.在赫尔辛基郊区一幢灰色的写字楼里,一位健谈的社工正与该市的六位老人共进午餐——通过支在餐桌上的平板电脑。
在接下来的半小时里,她和老人聊家常,也提醒他们喝点东西,因为脱水对老人而言尤其危险(比如加大摔跤的风险)。
老人会按她的提醒喝水或牛奶。
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outskirt/'aʊtskɜːt/n.市郊;郊区
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chatty/ˈtʃæti/爱闲聊的,爱谈天的,健谈的
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likingtotalkalotinafriendlyway
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Hewasinanunusuallychattymood.
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他谈兴特别高。
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socialworker社工
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elderly/'eldəlɪ/adj.上了年纪的
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via通过(介词)
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prop/prɑp/v支撑,支持,维持
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Canwepropthewindowopenwithsomething?
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我们能不能用什么东西支住窗户让它开着?
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dehydration/ˌdi:
haɪˈdreɪʃən/n.脱水
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prone/prəʊn/adj.易于…的;很可能…的
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pronetodosth
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Kidsareallpronetoeatjunkfood.
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孩子往往都喜欢吃垃圾食品。
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amongotherthings除了别的以外,此外
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InMarchstreetprotesterscalledforprivatisationandderegulation,amongotherthings.
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在三月,街头抗议者呼吁私有化和放松管制等等。
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raise提起;抬起
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toputsomethinginahigherplaceorposition
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Withashakyhand,heslowlyraisedthecuptohislips.
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他手颤抖着慢慢地把杯子举到唇边。
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duly/ˈdjuːli/准时地,按时地
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atthepropertimeorasexpected
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TheQueendulyappearedonthebalconytowavetothecrowds.
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女王准时出现在阳台上,向人群招手。
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ThevirtuallunchgroupispartofHelsinki’sremote-careprogramforitselderly.Whilemanycountrieswithbulgingelderlypopulationsarebuildingnewcarehomes,Finlandisnotplanningtodosoand,instead,islookingafterpeopleintheirownhomesforlonger—eventhosewithdementiawholivealone.这个虚拟午餐小组是赫尔辛基针对老年人设立的远程护理项目的一部分。
许多老龄人口庞大的国家正在兴建更多养老院,芬兰却反其道而行,设法协助老人在自己家中生活更长时间,甚至是那些罹患痴呆的独居老人。
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bulging/ˈbʌldʒɪŋ/满满的
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completelyfull
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Thefridgewasbulgingwithfood.
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冰箱里装满了食物。
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bulgingelderlypopulations庞大的老龄人口
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dementia/dɪ'menʃə/n.痴呆
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罹患líhuàn=sufferfrom
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virtual/ˈvɜːtʃʊəl/虚拟的
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constructingvirtualworlds建立虚拟世界
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carehome照料老人或病人的护理院
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abuildingwherepeoplewhoareoldorillliveandarelookedafter
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TheguidingprincipleinFinlandisthatforanyone,nomatterwhattheirage,“homeisbest”,saysAnna-LiisaLyytinenfromHelsinki’ssocial-servicesdepartment.Nursesandcareworkersdropin,oftenseveraltimesaday,tohelpwithmeals,bathing,medication,orjusttocheckthateverythingisallright.赫尔辛基社会服务部的安娜-莉莎·莱蒂宁(Anna-LiisaLyytinen)表示,芬兰的指导原则是,无论什么年纪,对每个人而言“家都是最好的”。
护士和护工往往每天家访多次,帮助需要照顾的人用餐、洗浴、用药,或者只是来看看是否一切正常。
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careworkers护工
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guidingprinciple指导原则
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department/dɪ'pɑrtmənt/n.部,部门
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dropin
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tomakeashortvisitsomewhere
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I'mgladyoudroppedin-it'sgoodtoseeyou.
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SuchapainstakingservicewillbehardertoprovideasFinlandages.Inthenexttenyearsthenumberofresidentsolderthan75isexpectedtoincreasebyaroundhalf,aspeoplelivelongerandthebaby-boomersbecomeoctogenarians.但随着芬兰社会日益老龄化,提供这种耗时耗力的上门服务会变得越来越难。
人们的寿命更长了,加上婴儿潮一代成为耄耋老人,预计未来十年芬兰75岁以上的居民人数将增加一半左右。
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painstaking/ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/煞费苦心的,耗时费力地
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doneordoingsomethingverycarefullyandslowly
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painstakingresearch悉心研究
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age变老,表达一个国家老龄化的时候可以直接用“国家名+ages”
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octogenarian/ˌɒktə(ʊ)dʒɪ'neərɪən/n.80到89岁的人
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babyboomer生育高峰期出生的人(尤指1946年至1964年间)
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someoneborndu
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