职称英语卫生类B级试题汇总.docx
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职称英语卫生类B级试题汇总.docx
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职称英语卫生类B级试题汇总
第5部分:
补全短文(第46-50题,每小题,共10分)
下面的短文有五处空白,短文后有六个句子,其中五个取自短文,请根据短文把其分别放回原有位置以恢复原貌
LungCancer
(取自卫生教材概括大意与完成句子第8篇)
原文
1 Thedeathrateduetocancerofthelungshasincreasedmorethan800percentinmalesandhasmorethandoubledinfemalesduringthelast25years.Itisconsiderablyhigherinurbanandindustrialareasthaninruraldistricts.Therearemanypossiblecauses,butitisstillcontroversialwhicharemostblameworthy.Thosefactorswhichhavebeenmentionedmostfrequentlyarethepresenceofforeignparticlesandotherirritantsintheair(smokeparticles,smog,exhaustfumes),andthesmokingofcigarettesandcigars.
2 Numerousstudieshavedemonstratedastrikingcorrelationbetweenthedeathratefromlungcancerandsmokinghabits.Amongheavysmokers—21to30cigarettesperday—themortalityratefromlungcancerisnearly17timestheratefromnonsmokers.Itisexpectedthedeathrateamongwomenwillincreaseasthepresenthighrateofsmokingamongwomenhasitseffect.
3 Sometimescasesoflungcancerarediscoveredatthetimeanx-rayistakenforthepurposeofdetectingtuberculosis.Toooften,however,acurrentemphasisuponthedangerofexposuretoradiation1fromX-raymachinescanfrightenpeopleawayfromroutinechestX-raysandthuspreventanearlydiagnosisoflungcancer.Earlydetectionisabsolutelyessentialifanypossibilityofcureistobemaintained2.ModernX-raymachinesincompetenthandsposesuchslightdanger,atleasttothoseover40yearsofage,thatthiswouldbemuchmorethanoffsetbytheadvantagesofdiscoveringatumorwhileitissmallenoughtobecompletelyremoved.3
4 Acommonformoflungcancerisbronchogeniccarcinoma4,so-calledbecausethemalignancyoriginatesin5abronchus.Thetumormaygrowuntilthebronchusisblocked,cuttingoff6thesupplyofairtothatlung.Thelungthencollapses,andthesecretionstrappedinthelungspacesbecomeinfected,witharesultingpneumoniaortheformationofalungabscess.Suchalungcancercanalsospreadtocausesecondarygrowthsinthelymphnodes7ofthechestandneckaswellasinthebrainandotherpartsofthebody.Theonlytreatmentthatoffersapossibilityofcure,beforesecondarygrowthshavehadtimetoform,istoremovethelungcompletely.Thisoperationiscalledpneumonectomy.
5 Malignanttumorsofthestomach,thebreast,theprostategland8andotherorgansmayspreadtothelungs,causingsecondarygrowths.
EatingPotatoesGivesYourImmuneSystemaBoost(取自卫生教材阅读理解第17篇)
Eatingpotatoesisnotonlygoodforbowelhealth,butalsoforthewholeimmunesystem,especiallywhentheycomeintheformofapotatosaladoreatencold.Inastudyonananimalmodel,researchersinSpainfoundthatpigsfedlargequantitiesofrawpotatostarch(RPS)1notonlyhadahealthierbowel,butalsodecreasedlevelsofwhitebloodcells,suchasleucocytesandlymphocytesintheirblood.Whitebloodcellsareproducedasaresultofinflammationordisease,generallywhenthebodyischallenged.
Thegeneraldown-regulationofleucocytesobservedbytheSpanishresearcherssuggestsanoverallbeneficialeffect,agenerallymorehealthybody.2Thereductioninleukocytelevelswasabout15percent.Lowerlymphocytelevelsarealsoindicativeofreducedlevelsofinflammation,buttheobservedreductioninbothlymphocytedensityandlymphocyteapoptosisissurprising.
Inwhatwasthelongeststudyofitskind,pigswerefedRPSover14weekstofindouttheeffectofstarchonbowelhealth.“Theuseofrawpotatostarchinthisexperimentisdesignedtosimulatetheeffectsofadiethighinresistantstarch,"saidstudyleaderJoseFranciscoPerezattheUniversitatAutonomadeBarcelona3,Spain.
Humansdonoteatrawpotatoes,buttheydoeatalotoffoodsthatcontainresistantstarch,suchascoldboiledpotatoes,legumes,grains,greenbananas,pastaandcereals.About10percentofthestarcheatenbyhumanisresistantstarch-starchthatisnotdigestedinthesmallintestineandsoisshuntedintothelargeintestinewhereitferments.Starchconsumptionisthoughttoreducetheriskoflargebowelcancerandmayalsohaveaneffectonirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)4.
ImmunologyexpertLenaOman’steampreviouslyfoundthattheoveralllymphocytelevelsdonotvaryforIBSpatients,butthatlymphocytesaretransferredfromtheperipheralbloodtothegut,whichsupportthehypothesisofIBSbeingatleastpartiallyallinflammatorydisorder.ShesaysthedecreaseinlymphocytesobservedbytheSpanishisthereforeinteresting,andadietofresistantstarchmaybeworthtryinginIBSpatients.OmaniscurrentlyattheDepartmentofInternalMedicine,GoteborgUniversity,Sweden5.ThestudyispublishedintheJournalChemistryandIndustry,themagazineoftheSCI6.
XX一下
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