Book 2 Unit Four高级英语 第二册.docx
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Book 2 Unit Four高级英语 第二册.docx
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Book2UnitFour高级英语第二册
UnitFour
InauguralAddress
J.F.Kennedy
Aims
²Toknowthefeaturesofapoliticalspeech.
²Toanalyzethestructureofthisaddress
²ToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesofKennedy’saddress
²TobeacquaintedwithsomeEnglishspeeches
Menu
JohnFitzgeraldKennedy(1917-1963)
1.35thPresidentoftheU.S.(1961-1963)
2.ademocrat,aneloquentspeaker
3.theyoungestmaneverelectedtothepresidency
4.borninMassachusetts,inheritedabackgroundofpoliticswealthanddetermination
5.aCatholic
JohnFitzgeraldKennedy
¯6.
✷1947-1952servedasrepresentativeinthecongress
✷1952electedtothesenate
✷1960HewontheDemocraticnominationforpresidentanddefeatedRichardM.Nixon,Republican
¯7.Aspresident,hefacedtheCivilRightsproblemathomeandCubacrisisof1962.
¯8.HisassassinationatDallasinNovember1963wasashockfromwhichtheU.S.hasfoundithardtorecoverandthemurderisstillariddle.
JohnFitzgeraldKennedy
¯Kennedyfamily---fullyengagedinpolitics
✷JosephPatrickKennedy--father(1888-1969)
✷USambassadortoBritain
✷borninBoston
✷graduatedfromHarvard
JosephPatrickKennedy
¯Heengagedin
✪banking
✪shipbuilding
✪investmentbanking
✪motion-picturedistribution
amillionaireat30yearsold
StrangecoincidencesbetweenPresidentLincolnandPresidentKennedy
¯AbrahamLincolnwaselectedtoCongressin1846.
JohnF.KennedywaselectedtoCongressin1946.
¯AbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresidentin1860.
JohnF.KennedywaselectedPresidentin1960.
LincolnandKennedy
¯ThenamesLincolnandKennedyeachcontainsevenletters.
¯Bothwereparticularlyconcernedwithcivilrights.
¯BothwiveslosttheirchildrenwhilelivingintheWhiteHouse.
¯BothPresidentswereshotonaFriday.
¯Bothwereshotinthehead.
LincolnandKennedy
¯Lincoln'ssecretarywasnamedKennedy.
Kennedy'ssecretarywasnamedLincoln.
¯BothwereassassinatedbySoutherners.
¯BothweresucceededbySoutherners.
¯BothsuccessorswerenamedJohnson.
LincolnandKennedy
¯AndrewJohnson,whosucceededLincoln,wasbornin1808.
LyndonJohnson,whosucceededKennedy,wasbornin1908.
¯JohnWilkesBooth,accusedofassassinatingLincoln,wasbornin1839.LeeHarveyOswald,accusedofassassinatingKennedy,wasbornin1939.
LincolnandKennedy
¯Bothassassinswereknownbytheirthreenames.
¯Bothnamescomprisefifteenletters.
¯Boothranfromthetheatreandwascaughtinawarehouse.
¯Oswaldranfromawarehouseandwascaughtinatheatre.
¯BoothandOswaldwerebothassassinatedbeforetheirtrials.
Thesocialbackground
¯Coldwarissth.whichmarksthesituationin1960's.Theworldismainlydividedintotwohostilecamps.
1)socialistcamp--headedbytheSovietUnion
2)capitalistcamp--headedbytheUS
✷Thecampsopposedeachotherpolitically.
JohnFitzgeraldKennedy
¯contributions:
✷1.HismostimportantactwashissuccessfuldemandonOct.22.1962thattheSovietUniondismantleitsmissilebasesinCuba.
✷2.HeestablishedaquarantineofarmsshipmentstoCubaandcontinuedsurveillancebyair.
contributions:
✷3.HedefiedSovietattemptstoforcetheAlliesoutofBerlin.
✷4.Hemadethesteelindustryrescindapricerise.
contributions:
✷5.Hebacked
✪a>civilrights
✪b>amentalhealthprogram
✪c>arbitrationofrailroaddisputes
✪d>expandedmedicalcarefortheaged
✪e>astronautflightsandsatelliteorbiting
InaugurationDay
¯OnJanuary20since1937
¯OnApril30,1789,GeorgeWashingtonsteppedontoabalconyofFederalHallinNewYorkCity,placedhishandonaBibleandsworeto"preserve,protestanddefendtheconstitutionoftheUnitedStates".
InaugurationDay
¯Hethenreadanearnestspeech,callingfor"unitedandeffectivegovernment".ThusbeganauniqueAmericaninstitution---InaugurationDay---thosedramatichourswhenanewpresidentfacesthepeopleforthefirsttime.Hemusttellthepeoplewhathe'sgoingtodoaspresident.
InauguralAddress
¯Memorablewordshavebeenutteredininauguraladdress.Itisaspeech,lectureofficiallymadebyapersonontakingoffice.
Generalanalysisofapoliticalspeech
1.Hemusttryeverypossiblemeanstoarousethefeelingsofaudience.Whathesaysrepresentstheinterestsofthewholepeople.
✷successfulappealtotheemotionoftheaudience
Generalanalysisofapoliticalspeech
2.specificpolicy
✷Thespeechmusthavehigh-soundingwordsandemptypromises
3.Thespeechmustbeconciseandshort
Generalanalysisofapoliticalspeech
4.clever-choiceofwordstoconveydifferentmeanings/tones.
5.theuseofbiblicalstyletomakeitformal/rigid.
6.theuseofalotofrhetoricaldevicestomakehisaddressaspowerful/impressiveaspossible.
¯TypeofLiterature
¯Structure
TypeofLiterature
●1. TypeofLiterature:
●---apoliticalspeech
●2. Thepurposeofapoliticalspeech:
¯topersuade
¯toexplain
¯toconvincepeople
toaccepthispointofview,
toacceptwhathesayssoastosupporthim
Organization
¯Sect.1.para.1-5(withpara5asatransition)
✷Introduction,thegeneralstatementofthebasicpolicyoftheUS
✪"Weshallpayanyprice,....."
Organization
¯Sect.2para.6-10
✷Headdressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsandwould-bealliednations;friendsandwould-befriends.
✪Hisspecificpolicytowardsthem.
¯1.theallies
¯2.thenewlyindependentcountries
¯3.thedevelopingcountries
¯4.theLatinAmericancountries
¯5.theUN
Organization
¯Sect.3para.11-19
✷Hisspecificpolicytowardtheenemy
✪1.pointoutthedanger
✪2.pointouthepositionofstrength
✪3.pointoutthesituationandneed.
Bothsidesfeeluneasy.
✷a)Bothsidesareoverburdenedwiththecostofmodernweapons.
✷b)Bothsidesareanxiouswiththewidespreadarms.
✷c)Bothsidestrytochangetheuncertainbalanceofmilitarypower.
Proposals:
✷1.controlarms
✷2.usescienceforpeacepurpose
✷3.enjoyhumanrights
Object---tomakeanewworldorder
Organization
¯Sect.4para.20-26
✷HecallsontheAmericanstosupporthimandtosacrificetheirlivesfortheircountry.Hecallsonthepeopleofthewholeworldtounitandworkforthefreedomofmen.
Organization
¯Sect.5para.27
✷conclusion
✪Thispartfunctionsasaconclusionandchallengestheaudiencetogreatereffortstocreateanewandbettercountry.
DetailedStudy
Detailedstudyofthetext:
¯Para.1openingparagraph
✷importance/significanceofhiselectionaspresidentoftheUS
1.observe
2.celebrate
freedom--
✷Wecelebratefreedom.PeopleintheUSarefreetochoosetheirpresident.
antithesis:
¯end--theendofEisenhower'spresidentialterm
¯beginning--thebeginningofKennedy’spresidentialterm
¯renewal----thecontinuationofpresidencyandofficeofpresident
¯change--thechangefromEisenhowertoKennedy
aswellas
✷---wellbalancedstructureinPara.1
solemn
✷---referalmostexclusivetoanextremelyformalandinspiringreligiousritual.(grave)veryserious.
✷a~oath庄严的誓言
✷a~dedicationtothecauseoffreedom为自由事业而始终不渝的献身
prescribe---setdown/impose
✷Whatpunishmentdoesthelawprescribeforthiscrime?
✷Governmentschoolsmustworkforaprescribednumberofdayseachyear.
✷Goodcitizensdowhatthelawsprescribe.
✷Someonewhobehavesasfoolishlyasyouhavenorighttoprescribehowothersshouldbehave.
Para.2
¯thegeneralsituationofthisworld
✷topicsentence---Theworldisverydifferent.
✷Inwhatwayistheworlddifferent?
✷Theworldisdifferentinthewayofscienceandtechnology.Peoplehavemodernandadvancedscienceandtechnology.
thepower--
¯thepowerofscienceandtechnology
✷withthehelpofscienceandtechnology
✪1.Peoplecanbecomeveryrich.
✪2.Peoplecanbeexterminated.
✷Sciencecanbeusedtogetridofpoverty.
✷Sciencecanbeusedtodestroyallhumanbeings.
revolutionarybelief---
¯humanrights
✷AllmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadgiventhemcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.
✷see:
Note3
generosity,benevolence,goodwill,kindness,unselfishness
¯Thesewordsrefertoawellwishingfriendlinessorconcernfortheneedsanddesiresofotherpeople.
benevolence–
¯Ithasthewidestrangeofanyofthesewords
✷suggestinganexpansiveandgood-humoredtoleranceandsympathyforothers
✪对别人善意的宽容与同情
✷Workingconditionsweresoughtasaright,notasa~oftheiremployer.
✪寻求良好的工作环境是权利,而不是雇主的恩赐。
generosity---
✷focusesexclusivelyontheaspectofgiving
✷referringtoanunstintinglyhelpfulactorhabit
✷thegenerositywithwhichhesharedhistoyswithotherchildren
比较
¯benevolence--anunacted-uponfeeling
¯generosity--actualbehavior
✷eg.Hewasaplantationownerwholookedonhisslaveswithbenevolencebutcouldhardlybeaccusedoftreatingthemwithgenerosity.
✪他是一个以仁慈之心看待他的奴隶而谈不上慷慨厚待他们的庄园主。
goodwill–
¯goodwill---referringprimarilytofeeling
¯kindness---toaction
✷Heinsistedthathewantedonlyhergoodwill,notherkindness.
✪他坚持只领她的好意,而非她的帮助(怜悯)。
unselfishness--
✷pointtoagenerositythatisbasedonalackofself-concern,wheregenerositymayemphasizethequantitygiven,possiblyforostentatiousreasons,unselfishnessstresstheeffacingpersonalsacrificerequired---evenifalessenamountisgiven.
✪强调具备自我牺牲和自我埋没的行动
unselfishness--
✷Itwasthetaxdeductioninvolved,ratherthanunselfishness,thatpromptedhisgenerositytothecharitydrive.
✪促使他对慈善事业大施援手的动力不是无私之心而是为了减税。
atissue---
¯undecided,indispute
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