英语听力英语高级听力材料The Human Body Life Story.docx
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英语听力英语高级听力材料The Human Body Life Story.docx
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英语听力英语高级听力材料TheHumanBodyLifeStory
Thereisonethingthateveryoneonearthhasincommon.Wealllive,eatandbreathewithinthehumanbody.FortwoyearsI’vebeenexploringthisuniquedwellingplace.IwanttoshowyouwhatI'veseen.
Tocomewithme,you'llhavetocrosstheglobefromAustraliathroughAfricatoAmerica.You'llhavetojourneyintospaceandintoaplaceasmysteriousbutmuchclosertohome.We'vedevelopednewtechniquestohelpyougetthere,newcamerastoshowyoutheway.(ah)Andwe'lllookatfamiliarthingswithafresheye.You'lljourneywithmeontheroadthatyourbodytakes,throughdangers,throughmiraclesandthroughtime.Wewillseethehumanbodyinallitsforms,fromourbeginningtoallourends.
Iamadoctorandascientist.I'vespentmyworkinglifelookingatthehumanbody.NowIamgoingtoseeitinanewlight.Comewithme.
ThisisCharlotte.Shewasbornjustafewhoursago.Likemostofusatbirth,there'sreallynothingtoher.Abitoffat,alittlesugar,abitofprotein,actuallySheis75percentwater!
Sheisreallyjustacollectionofchemicals.Andyetsheisthemostcomplicatedthingonearth.Andduringherlifetime,she'llachievethemostamazingthings.
Shewilleatfornearlythreeandahalfyears,consuming7,300eggs,and160kilogramsofchocolate.shewillproduce40,000litersofurineandspendover6monthsontheloop.Shewilldribble145litersofsalivabeforeherfirstbirthday.
She'llcrawl150kilometersbeforeshe'stwo.Fromthenon,she'lllearnanewwordeverytwohoursforthenext10years.Bythetimeshe'sten,herheartwouldhavebeaten368milliontimes.She'llspendalittleover12yearswatchingTVandtwoandahalfyearsonthetelephone.Shewillspend2weekskissing.She'llgrow28metersoffingernailsand950kilometersofhaironherheadandmorethan2metersuphernose.
Bytheageof21,she'dhavebreathedover3.5millionballoonsofair.She'llworkforatotalofjustover8years.Andshe'llproduce200billionnewredbloodcellseachandeveryday.She'llbeabletoputanameto2,000people,150ofthemshe’llcallherfriends.Shewillshed19kilogramsofdeadskin.
She'llhavesex2,580timeswith5differentpeople.She'llfallinlovetwice.She'llblink415milliontimesandhereyeswillbeabletodistinguishoveramillioncolours.Ifshegetsmarried,she'llspend6,809poundsonherweddingday.Andthereisa60%chanceshewillstaymarriedtothesamepersonfortherestofherlife.She'llhave2childrenand4grandchildren.Andwhentheygrowup,only2ofher8great-grandchildrenwillrememberwhathernamewas.InBritainshe'slikelytolivefor79years,inFrance82,inNorthAmerica80andinAfricaonly55.Bythattimeshe'llhavewalkedover22,000kilometersandtalkedfor12years.
It'sanamazinglist.Infact,nolifeisanordinarystory.We'lleachinourtimedoanincredibleamount.Andthedrivingforcebehindeverythingwedoisthemostcomplicatedorganinourbodiesandalsothemostmysterious.It'sourbrain.
"ThisissomethingI'veneverdonebeforeinmylife.AndIneverthoughtIwould.ButalthoughIhaveonlybeendoingitforafewhours,Icandoatleastabitofitonautopilot.Well,alittlebitofit,anyway."
Thiskindofdrivingtakesawholenewrangeofskills,andyouneedtobeabletousethemalmostautomatically.It'smybrainthatletsmedothat.
"Well,mybrainisnowdoinghalfadozentrickynewjobsallatonce,withoutmyeventhinkingaboutit,somuchsothatIcandevotesomeofmythoughtsandmyattentiontospeakingtoyou."
Andthat'swhatbrainsaresogoodat.Theymanagethingswithoutusevenbeingconsciousofthem..
..ontheinsidehere....
Yourbrainsaredoingitrightnow.BecausewhilstI'vebeencopingwithsixnewtrickythings,yourbrainshavebeendoingliterallytensofmillionsoftasksjustwhileyouarewatchingtelevision.
"Putitinanotherway,it'sasifyouwerenotjustdrivingthiscar,butdrivingeverycar,bus,motorbike,taxi,lorryinthecountry,allatthesametime.Youjustthoughtyouwereputtingyourfeeton."
Toseehowbusyyourbrainreallyis,yougottalookattheworlddifferently.
Everythingthat'saliveandquiteafewthingsthataren't,givesoffheat.That'swhatyouarelookingatnow.Everypartofyourbodyisburningupenergyandcreatingheatasitgoesaboutthebusinessofbeingyou.Butthehottestbitofyouisuphere,yourbrainisburningupmoreenergythananythingelseinyourbody,almostafifthofallthecaloriesyoueatanddrink.Anditusesupalmostthesameamountwhetheryouareconcentratingonsomethingreallydifficultorjustwonderingwhethertoputthecatout,becausedayandnight,yourbrainischallengedwiththemostdifficulttaskitwilleverface,keepingyoualive.
Rightnowforinstance,therearequiteafewthingsonyourmind,tonight'sdinnerforexample.Forstarters,yourbrainiscoordinatingamajorhaulageoperation.
Eventhoughtherouteisusuallydownhill,fooddoesn'tfallfromyourmouthtoyourstomach.Whenyourbraintellsyoutoswallow,ittriggerswavesofmusclecontractions.Theysqueezethingsalonginyouresophagusataround4centimeterspersecond.
Thefirstscheduledstopisthestomach.It'sessentiallyabiologicalliquidizer.Itsliningiscoveredindelicatefoldswhichallowittoexpandwitheachmouthful.Insideamixtureofenzymesandhydrochloricacidstarttodigestyourfood.Andveryprobablyyourdinnerisstillinthere,itchurnsawayforabout4hours.Soonitwillbereleasedintoyoursmallintestineandatacuefromyourbrain,bilewillbeadded.Thiswillhelpyoubreakdownfats.Youwillbecarryingtonight'sdinnerforabout24hours,soIhopeyoulikedit.Whenitdoesfinallyleaveyou,itwilltakearound25gramsofdeadcellsfromyourgutwithit.
Butdon'tworry,youareconstantlyreplacingcellsfromheadtotoe.
Yourbrainismanagingthebody'sworkforceofapproximately50,000billioncellsandmostofthemdon'tlastmorethanafewyears.Cellsareconstantlydyingandbeingreplacedbynewones.Uptoabillionnewcellsforoldeveryhour.Whatthisreallymeansisthatmostpartsofyourbodyareinfactagooddealyoungerthanyouare.Butremarkablythesecellsaren'treplacedandtheyareparticularlyspecial.Eachonehasanaturaltendencytotwitch.
Theyareheartcells,andseveralmillionofthemworkingatonceisaheartbeat.Inthiscase,it'syourheadthatrulesyourheartasit'syourbrainthatdecideswhatrateyourheartshouldbebeatingat.Thesamepartofyourbrainthat'scontrollingyourheartislookingaftertheoutsideofyou,too.Yourbodyneedstomaintainaconstanttemperatureof37degreescentigradeandyourbrainhasarangeoftricksupitssleevetodoit.
Thisisskinmagnifiedathousandtimes.Ifyoulookclosely,it'scoveredinholes.Theyaretheopeningsoftinyducts--tubesthroughwhichsweatcanflow.Thereareabout65,000ofthemonthepalmofyourhandalone.Ifyouaregettingtoohot,yourbrainswitchesonyoursweatglands.Asthesweatevaporates,itwillhelpcoolyoudown.Andshouldyourbraindecidethatstayingwarmiswhat'sneeded,it'sgotanotherplan,goosepimples.Theytrapwarmairneartotheskinandsokeepvitalheatin.
soallthatisbeingcontrolledfromhereinsideyourhead.Anddon'tthinkyouwillgetoutofallthehardworkbynoddingoff.Evenwhenwearecompletelyrelaxedorasleepourbrainsdon'tletup.Thisstrangecontraptioniscoveredinelectrodespickinguppartofmyownbrain'sactivity.128sensorsdetecttinysignalsemittedasmybraincellsfire.ThisisthepatternproducedwhenI'mrelaxed.Evenwithoutathoughtinmyhead,mybrainwavesshowI'mbusy.Thetruthisourbodiesarealwaysbusy.Theyjustdon'ttellusaboutit.Whatweseeasthemonotonyofourdailyliveswhenitseemsthatnothingeverreallyhappens...
...isactuallytheresultofimmeasurableactivityinsideourbodies.
Weareperformingliterallythousandsofdifferenttaskseverysecondofeveryday.Simplybeingispartofanintricatelycomplicatedbalancingact,themechanicsofwhicharecompletelyhiddenfromus.Andjustasourbodieshidefromusthemiracleofeverydaylife,sotheyhidefromusanevenbiggersurprise.
It'sthestoryofhowwecametobethewayweare.Anditisanamazingstory.Itwillchangethewayyouthinkaboutyourbody,thewaywelive,theshapeweare,eventhewaywethinkwasdecidedforusthousands,millionsevenbillionsofyearsago,whenthehumanbodydidn'tevenexist,andplanetearthwasalmostunrecognizable.
Hereweare.8,000feetabovesealevel,inAmerica'sYellowstoneNationalPark.Ifyou'dbeenonthesurfaceoftheplanetearththreebillonyearsago,itwouldhavelookedsomethinglikethis.Theearthwouldhavebeencoveredinvolcanoesandbillowingventsofsteamandsulphurouswater.
Hadyoubeenstandinghere,you'dhavebeenpresentasthestoryoflifewasunfolding.Andhadyoubeenstandinghere,you'dhavebeenstandingbythemostadvancedlifeformontheplanet.Inthisalmostboilingwater,therearethousandsoflongthinstrands.Theyareactuallycoloniesoftinyheatlovingcreatures,theyarebacteria.Once,longago,thiswasthemostcomplexformoflifeanywhereonearth.What'ssosurprisingisthatit'sstillheretoday,justlikeitwasthreebillionyearsago.Whereasdinosaurscameandwent,andliterallymillionsofotherspeciesdeveloped,witheredanddiedout,thishassurvivedpracticallyunchanged.
Theyhaven'tchangedbecausetheirenvironmenthasstayedthesame.Thewatertheyliveinbubblesupfromdeepintheearth,andsoit'salwayst
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