届高三英语阅读理解.docx
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届高三英语阅读理解.docx
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届高三英语阅读理解
(精品推荐)2010届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题十九阅读理解
【典例精析】(2009。
北京卷)C
HowRoomDesignsAffectOurWorkandFeelings
Architectshavelonghadthefeelingthattheplacesweliveincanaffectourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors.Butnowscientistsaregivingthisfeelinganempirical(经验的,实证的)basis.Theyarediscoveringhowtodesignspacesthatpromotecreativity,keeppeoplefocusedandleadtorelaxation.
Researchesshowthataspectsofthephysicalenvironmentcaninfluencecreativity.In2007,JoanMeyers-LevyattheUniversityofMinnesota,reportedthattheheightofaroom'sceilingaffectshowpeoplethink.Herresearchindicatesthathigherceilingsencouragepeopletothinkmorefreely,whichmayleadthemtomakemoreabstractconnections.Lowceilings,ontheotherhand,mayinspireamoredetailedoutlook.
Inadditionstoceilingheight,theviewaffordedbyabuildingmayinfluenceanoccupant'sabilitytoconcentrate.NancyWellsandhercolleaguesatCornellUniversityfoundintheirstudythatkidswhoexperiencedthegreatestincreaseingreennessasaresultofafamilymovemadethemostgainsonastandardtestofattention.
Usingnaturetoimprovefocusofattentionoughttopayoffacademically,anditseemsto,accordingtoastudyledbyC.KennethTanner,headoftheSchoolDesign&PlanningLaboratoryattheUniversityofGeorgia.Tannerandhisteamfoundthatstudentsinclassroomswithunblockedviewsofatleast50feetoutsidethewindowhadhigherscoresontestsofvocabulary,languageartsandmathsthandidstudentswhoseclassroomsprimarilyoverlookedroadsandparkinglots.
Recentstudyonroomlightingdesignsuggeststhandim(暗淡的)lighthelpspeopletoloosenup.Ifthatistruegenerally,keepingthelightlowduringdinneroratpartiescouldincreaserelaxation.ResearchersofHarvardMedicalSchoolalsodiscoveredthatfurniturewithroundededgescouldhelpvisitorsrelax.
Sofarscientistshavefocusedmainlyonpublicbuildings."Wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudies,sowe'realmostlookingattheproblemthroughastraw(吸管),"architectDavidAllisonsays."Howdoyoutakeanswerstoveryspecificquestionsandmakebroad,generalizeduseofthem?
That'swhatwe'reallstrugglingwith."
WhatdoesJoanMeyers-Levyfocusoninherresearch?
A.Light.B.Ceilings.C.Windows.D.Furniture.
【解析】B细节理解题。
根据第二段内容可知JoanMeyers-Levyfocusonceilings.
Thepassagetellsusthat______.
A.theshapeoffurnituremayaffectpeople'sfeelings
B.lowerceilingsmayhelpimprovestudents'creativity
C.childreninadimclassroommayimprovetheirgrades
D.studentsinroomswithunblockedviewsmayfeelrelaxed
【解析】A细节判断题。
根据文中内容可知B,C和D均是错误的。
Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat______.
A.theproblemisnotapproachedstepbystep
B.theresearchessofarhavefaultsinthemselves
C.theproblemistoodifficultforresearcherstodetect
D.researchinthisareaisnotenoughtomakegeneralizedpatterns
【解析】D句意猜测题。
根据划线句子后面的一句话可以知道该题的正确答案为:
D。
67.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?
CP:
CentralPointP:
PointSP:
Sub-point(次要点)C:
Conclusion
【解析】C考查文章结构。
注意解题技巧。
第一段为总要点,最后一段为结论,要点123共同服务于结论,重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。
综上分析可知答案为:
C。
(2009.天津卷)A
Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways.Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople.Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname.Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames:
Oneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment.Asinmanyareas,oldhabitsdiedhard,andtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost.
ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore(新加坡)arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegenerations.ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace.Thisisinkeepingwithtraditionsinmanycountries----inboththeWestandtheEast.
Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces.Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter.ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases.IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircus----obviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel.
Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces.BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample,“BaseBasah”means“wetrice”inMalay(马来语).Nowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoad“WetRiceRoad”?
Thereasonissimple.Duringthepioneeringdays,wetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad.
AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes.Thereis“CircularRoad”forone.Otherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapes,like“PayaLebarCrescent”.Thisroadiscalledacrescent(月牙)becauseitbeginsonthemainroad,makesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain.
36.WelearnfromParagraph1that_____.
A.thegovernmentisusuallythefirsttonameaplace
B.manyplacestendtohavemorethanonename
C.aceremonywillbeheldwhenaplaceisnamed
D.peopleprefertheplacenamesgivenbythegovernment
【解析】B推理理解题。
由“Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames”可知。
37.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“diehard”inParagraph1probablymean?
A.Changesuddenly.
B.Changesignificantly.
C.Disappearmysteriously.
D.Disappearveryslowly.
【解析】D词义猜测题。
根据下文“theplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost”可知。
38.Whichofthefollowingplacesisnamedafteraperson?
A.RafflesPlace.
B.SelectorAirbase.
C.PiccadillyCircus.
D.PayaLebarCrescent.
【解析】A细节理解。
答案见第二自然段。
39.BrasBasahRoadisnamed_______.
A.afteraperson
B.afteraplace
C.afteranactivity
D.byitsshape
【解析】C细节理解题。
见第四自然段前两行。
40.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.SomeplacenamesinSingaporearethesameasinBritain.
B.SomeplacesinSingaporearenamedformilitarypurposes.
C.ThewaySingaporeansnametheirplacesisunique.
D.YoungSingaporeanshaveforgottenthepioneers.
【解析】A推理判断题。
由本文第一句话“Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways.”可推知。
【专题突破】考生在做阅读理解题时要把握考查五大要点:
1.主旨大意类;2.细节理解类;3.推理判断类;4.词义猜测类;5.观点态度类等五大类别,然后每种类别采用不同的做题技巧来突破。
具体说:
1.主旨大意类
技巧:
1)抓住解题的关键----主题句和主题段。
主题句经常出现在文章的开头或结尾之处,也有可能出现在文中,主题段通常在文章的开头用来交待文章的中心意思,然后在全段或全文中展开主题;2)准确了解文章结构,确切把握文章的脉络,然后利于阅读技巧,快速排除干扰信息,概括文章的大意和主题,确定正确选项。
2.细节理解类
1)细节理解题的解题原则是:
要选择的答案一定要在原文中找到相关的词、词组、句子或段落。
选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息,而绝不可根据自己的主观假设及推测或是自己的观点来决定;)2)在阅读过程中对涉及到who(何人),when(何时),where(何地),how(怎样),why(为何)等常考的细节内容做适当标记,以便于解题时迅速、准确地查找。
3)根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容,再仔细对照,不符合原文意义的选择要首先排除,反之,则是正确选项。
3.推理判断类
1)做这类题时,应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断;2)要注意抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落,透彻理解文章内容,注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系,并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会的常识,仔细推敲,合理判断。
4.词义猜测类
联系语境,利用上文提供的解释或说明猜测词义。
一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的意思,只有在一定的语言环境中,才能确定出词汇或语句的意义。
5.观点态度类
回答这类问题应该从篇章的体裁着手。
一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中作者的观点才会显得多种多样。
常见的词以及态度的短语有:
positive(肯定的);negative(否定的);neutral(中立的);approval(赞同的);disapproval(不赞同的);indifferent(冷淡的);sarcastic(讽刺的);critical(批评的);optimistic(乐观的);pessimistic(悲观的);authoritative(有权威的);objective(客观的);subjective(主观的);doubtful(怀疑的);compromising(妥协的)等等。
判断作者的态度时也可以从文章中带有感情色彩的名词、动词、形容词或副词等,也可以根据作者举的例子来判断。
阅读理解:
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Imagineyou’reatapartyfullofstrangers.You’renervous.Whoarethesepeople?
Howdoyoustartaconversation?
Fortunately,you’vegotathingthatsendsoutenergyattinychipsineveryone’snametag(标签).Thechipssendbackname,job,hobbies,andthetimeavailableformeeting-whatever.Makingnewfriendsbecomessimple
Thishasn’tquitehappenedinreallife.ButtheworldisalreadyexperiencingarevolutionusingRFIDtechnology.
AnRFIDtagwithatinychipcanbefixedinaproduct,underyourpet’sskin,evenunderyourownskin.PassiveRFIDtagshavenoenergysource-batteriesbecausetheydonotneedit.Theenergycomesfromthereader,ascanningdevice,thatsendsoutenergy(forexample,radiowaves)thatstartsupthetagimmediately.
Suchatagcarriesinformationspecifictothatobject,andthedatacanbeupdated.Already,RFIDtechnologyisusedforrecognizingeachcarortruckontheroadanditmightappearinyourpassport.Doctorscanputatinychipundertheskinthatwillhelplocateandobtainapatient’smedicalrecords.AtanightclubinParisorinNewYorkthesamechipgetsyouintotheVIP(veryimportantperson)sectionandpaysforthebillwiththewaveofanarm.
Takeastepback:
10or12yearsago,youwouldhaveheardaboutthecomingageofcomputing.Oneexamplealwaysseemedtosurface:
Yourrefrigeratorwouldknowwhenyouneededtobuymoremilk.Theconceptwasthatcomputerchipscouldbeputeverywhereandsendinformationinasmartnetworkthatwouldmakeordinarylifesimpler
RFIDtagsareasmallpartofthisphenomenon.“Theworldisgoingtobealooselycoupledsetofindividualsmalldevices,connectedwirelessly,”predictsDr.J.Reich.Humanrightsupportersarenervousaboutthepossibilitiesofsuchtechnology.ItgoestoofartrackingschoolkidsthroughRFIDtags,theysay.Weimagineaworldinwhichabeercompanycouldfindoutnotonlywhenyouboughtabeerbutalsowhenyoudrankit.Andhowmanybeers.Accompaniedbyhowmanybiscuits.WhenMarconiinventedradio,hethoughtitwouldbeusedforship-to-shorecommunication.Notforpopmusic.WhoknowshowRFIDandrelatedtechnologieswillbeusedinthefuture.Here’sawildguess:
Notforbuyingmilk.
1.Thearticleisintendedto_______.
A.warnpeopleofthepossiblerisksinadoptingRFIDtechnology
B.ex
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