maple读者阅读.docx

maple读者阅读.docx

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maple读者阅读

（1）WorkingThroughtheNewUser'sTour

TheNewUser'sTourpresentsaseriesofexamplesillustratingsomecommonly-usedMaplecommands,organizedintoworksheetsofvarioussubjects.Theworksheetshavebeenpreparedwithsequencesofready-to-executecommands,givingyouahands-onoverviewoftheMaplecommandsandfunctionsinthatsubject.Occasionally,youmaybeaskedtocopycommandstonewworksheetsinordertotrythemwithdifferentoptions.

ExecutingCommands

ToexecutecommandsintheNewUser'sTour（andanyother）worksheets:

1.Placethecursoronthefirstcommandline（forexample,1+1;below）byusingyourmouseortheTabkey.

2.PressEnter.

Trythisnow:

>1+1;

BypressingEnter,youalsomovethecursortothenextcommandline（inthiscase,limit（x-7,x=3）;）intheworksheet.

>limit（x-7,x=3）;

Pleasenote:

∙Ifyouhappentoplacethecursorelsewhereinaworksheet,placeitbackontheappropriatecommandlinebeforepressingEntertocontinue.

∙Itisimportanttoexecutethecommandsinorderbecausesomecomputationsrequireresultsfrompreviouscommandlines.

ImportantNotes

∙YoucannotsaveovertheexistingNewUser'sTourworksheets,butyoucansaveacopyoftheminadifferentdirectory.

∙Eachtourworksheetopensintoadifferentwindow.Thesewindowsstayopenuntilyouspecificallyclosethem,oruntilyouexitMaple.TheWindowmenulistsallopenwindows.Youcanswitchtoadifferentwindowbyselectingitsnamefromthatlist.

∙Occasionallyyouarereferredtoahelppageformoreinformation.Todothis,placeyourcursoronthewordthatyouwantinformationabout.FromtheHelpmenu,chooseHelponword（wherewordisthewordthecursorison）.FormoreinformationabouttheMaplehelpsystem,click（11）OnlineHelp.

OtherMapleFeatures

IntheNewUser'sTour,allcommandsareenteredusingMaplenotation.Commandscanalsobeenteredinthefollowingways.

∙Commandscanbeenteredbyusingstandardmathnotation.

∙Youcaninsertmathematicalsymbols,expressions,andmatricesfromfloatingpalettesinsteadoftypingthemin.

∙Byright-clicking（oroption-clicking）Mapleresults,yougetacontext-sensitivemenuofcommandsthatcanbeappliedtothatresult.

WhenuserinterfaceitemsarementionedintheNewUser'sTour,onlythemenumethodisprovided.However,manyoftheseitemscanalsobechosenbyclickingbuttonsinthetoolbarorthecontextbar.

Formoreinformationonthesealternativeoptions,refertotheLearningGuideortheMaplehelpsystem.

Keyterms

ThefollowingspecializedtermsareusedintheNewUser'sTour.

MapleInput

Executableinput,usuallyamathematicalexpression,thatMapleevaluates.Theinputisenteredatthecommandprompt（>）.Bydefault,Mapleinputisdisplayedinredtype,withaCourierfont.

MapleOutput

TheresultofanexecutedMapleinputcommand.（Andthereforesometimessimplycalledtheresult.）Bydefault,itisdisplayedinbluetypeinstandardmathnotation.

ExecutionGroup

AsetofMapleinputwithitscorrespondingoutput.Executiongroupscanalsocontaindescriptiveparagraphs.

Worksheet

InMaple,adocument（suchasthisone）containingMaplecommands,createdwiththisgraphicaluserinterface.Worksheetfileshavean.mwsextension.

Section

Anelementofaworksheetthatprovidesstructure.Itcancontainparagraphs,executiongroups,andothersections（subsections）.Thestartofasectionisidentifiedbyaboxwitha[+]or[-]signembeddedinit.Sectionscanbeexpandedorcontractedbyclickingonthatbox.Whenexpanded,theentiresectionhasaverticallinedowntheleftsideofitthatendsinashorthorizontalline.

StandardMathNotation

Mathematicsaredisplayedinasymbolicformatsimilarinappearancetothatfoundinatextbook.

Clickheretogotothenexttopic,

（2）TheWorksheetEnvironment.

ClickheretoreturntotheMainMenu.

（2）TheWorksheetEnvironment

Beforeexaminingthistopic,pleasemakesurethatyouhaveread

（1）WorkingThroughtheNewUser'sTour.

Mapleworksheetscanserveasaninteractiveproblem-solvingenvironment,orasasystemforgeneratingtechnicaldocumentation.ThistopicexplainsthevariouselementsandfeaturesofMapleworksheets.

InteractingwithMaple'sComputationalEngine

ExecutiongroupsandspreadsheetshelpyoutointeractwiththeMaplecomputationalengine.TheyprovidetheprimarymeansbywhichMapleisaskedtocarryoutspecifictasksanddisplaytheresults.Maplecommandscanbeenteredintoeitherofthese.

ExecutionGroups

Executiongroupsarethefundamentalcomputationelementsintheworksheet.TheirprimarypurposeistocombineoneormoreMaplecommandsandtheirresultsintoasinglere-executableunit.Youcaneasilyrecognizeanexecutiongroupbyasquarebracketimmediatelytotheleftofthecommandprompt.

>solve（a*x^2=4,{x}）;

WhenyouplacethecursoronanycommandlineinanexecutiongroupandpressEnter,allcommandsinthatgroupareexecutedinsequenceandtheresults（oroutput）aredisplayedattheendoftheexecutiongroup.Thecursorisautomaticallyadvancedtothefirstcommandlineinthenextexecutiongroup.

InadditiontoMaplecommandsandtheirresults,anexecutiongroupcancontaindescriptiveparagraphs.

Examples

ThefollowingexecutiongroupcontainsaparagraphandaMaplecommandlinewithonecommand.AfteryouplacethecursoronthecommandlineandpressEnter,itwillalsocontainthecommandresult.

AMaplecommandandthecomputedresult.

>expand（（a+b）^3）;

NewMapleworksheetsbeginwithasingleexecutiongroupcontainingacommandprompt（asshownbelow）.Tocreateanewexecutiongroupwithinaworksheet,fromtheInsertmenu,chooseExecutionGroup,thenBeforeCursororAfterCursor.

>

TheresultsproducedbyaMaplecommandmaybenumeric,symbolic,orgraphical.Thefollowingcommandgeneratesaplotofathree-dimensionalsurface:

>plot3d（sin（x*y）,x=-2..2,y=-1..1）;

>

Spreadsheets

Mapleallowsyoutoenterspreadsheetsthatcancontainbothnumericandsymbolicinformation.TheycombineMaple'smathcapabilitieswiththefamiliarrow-and-columnformatoftraditionalspreadsheets.

YoucanuseMaple'sspreadsheetstogeneratetablesofformulae.ThefollowingillustrationisaMaplesymbolicspreadsheetshowingtheintegralscombining

withdifferentformulae.TheformulaeincolumnsBandCdependontheformulaeincolumnA.

A

B

C

D

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

ConstructingandExecutingMapleCommands

ThissectionpresentsthreeprimarymeansofcreatingMaplecommandsandresults.

TypingCommands

YoucanexecutecommandsbytypingthemataMapleprompt,andpressingEnter.YoucandisplaycommandsasMaplenotationorasstandardmathnotation.

UsingContext-sensitiveMenus

ExistingMapleresultscanbeusedtosuggestandconstructnewactions.Toobtainanon-screenlistofsuggestedactions,right-clickonaMapleobject.（Option-clickifyouhaveonlyonemousebutton.）Theresultinglistofactionsiscalledacontext-sensitivemenu,becausetheitemsitcontainsvarydependingonthepropertiesoftheselectedobject.

Trythisoutnow.Copytheequation:

Selectit,andfromtheEditmenu,chooseCopy.Createanewworksheet:

FromtheFilemenu,chooseNew.（SwitchbetweentheworksheetandthisonebyusingtheWindowmenu.）Pastetheequationatthecommandprompt:

FromtheEditmenu,choosePaste.Typeasemicolonattheendofthecommandline,andpressEnter.Right-click（oroption-click）ontheresulttoseethecontext-sensitivemenu.（Left-clickelsewheretoclosethemenuwithoutchoosinganitem.）

Youcanalsousethecontext-sensitivemenustoplotexpressions.Gobacktoyournewworksheet,andright-clickontheresultagain.Fromthecontext-sensitivemenu,choosePlots,thenImplicit3-DPlot,thenx,y,zasthedesiredpermutationfortheaxes.Youshouldarriveatthethree-dimensionalsmartplotdisplayedbelow.

>smartplot3d[x,y,z]（z=sin（x^2*y））;

DraggingandDropping

YoucanmoveMapleoutputtoorfromsmartplotsbyusingthemouse.Whenyoudragtheresultofanevaluationtoasmartplot,itwillbecomeacurveorsurface.Whenyoudragacurveorsurfaceawayfromasetofaxes,thecorrespondingexpressionwillbeplacedintheworksheet.

Formulaemayalsobedraggedfromtheworksheetintoacellofaspreadsheet,orfromacellofaspreadsheettoaworksheet.

AnnotatingandStructuringDocuments

Paragraphs,sections,andhyperlinksexisttohelpyoudocumentandorganizeyourresults.Thissectiondescribeshowtousethesefeaturestomakeyourworksheetdocumentmoreinteractiveandusable.

ParagraphsandText

Aparagraphinaworksheetisanalogoustoaparagraphinawordprocessor.Paragraphscancontainstyledtext,inlinemathematics,andgraphics,includingcopiesofMaple-generatedoutput,suchasplots.Aparagraphcanalsobecontainedinanexecutiongroup.

Paragraphsareusedforexplanatorynotessuchasthis.TheyarepresentedinblackTimesorTimesNewRomanfontbydefault.ThefollowingsentencesillustratethetypesofformattingthatyoucaneasilyapplytoMapleparagraphs:

1.Paragaphscanbecentered.

2.Theycanbeleft-justified.

3.Theycanberight-justified.

4.Textcanbeitalicizedandunderlined,anditcanbemadebold.

5.Thesizeandfontofthetextcaneasilybechanged.

（Pleasenotethatyoucannotchangetextinthisworksheet,becauseit'ssetto"readonly."）

Asinwordprocessorsanddesktoppublishers,youcancreateyourownparagraphandcharacterstylesfortext.Todoso,fromtheFormatmenu,chooseStyles.

Maplesupportsinlinemathematicssotha