英语四级真题.docx
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英语四级真题.docx
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英语四级真题
08年12月大学英语四级真题A卷
资料提供:
昂立英语
2008年12月21日08:
42
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PartIWriting(30minutes)
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上。
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
That’senough,kids
ItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.
“I’dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe’dshoved,”shesays.”Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,’No,wedon’tpush,”Whathappenednextwasunexpected.
“Theboy’smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,”Stellasays,”Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?
”
Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.
Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister’shouseit’sencouraged.Forher,it’saboutkidsbeingkids:
”Ifyoucan’tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?
”
Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt’shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying“no”alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That’sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou’retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.
“Kidsaren’tallraisedthesame,”agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.”Butthereisstillanideathatthey’rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou’resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme.”
Inthosecircumstances,it’sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.
“I’dgotothechildfirst,”saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat’wedon’tdothathere’isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae(直觉)forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.”
Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.
ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey’rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,”shesays.
Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:
”Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:
’Iknowyou’llthinkI’msillybutinmyhouseIdon’twant…’”
Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou’recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:
“commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon’tgowell,thenhaveachat.”
There’reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.“Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.”
ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:
”Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup,”hesays,“Adultsarescaredofsaying:
’don’tswear’,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They’reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.”
Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferformitasmuchaschild.
MeredithFulleragrees:
“Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou’relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.”
“it’saboutwhatI’mdoingandwhatIneed,”AndrewFullersays.”thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,“Igotintotrouble”.Anddadsaid,‘youprobablydeservedit’.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.”
Thisjumpingtoourchildren’sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe“walkingoneggshells”feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople’schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate(劝诫)withthechild,you’regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.it’sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?
“Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,within
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