第三套 12大学英语六级教学文案.docx
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第三套 12大学英语六级教学文案.docx
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第三套12大学英语六级教学文案
第三套2013.12大学英语六级
2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)
PartIII ReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Cellphonesprovideinstantaccesstopeople.Theyarecreatingamajor36inthesocialexperiencesofbothchildrenandadolescents.InonerecentU.S.survey,abouthalftheteenspolledsaidthattheircellphonehad37theircommunicationwithfriends.Almostallsaidthattheircellphonewasthewaytheystayedintouchwithpeers,one-thirdhadusedthecellphonetohelpapeerinneed,andabout80%saidthephonemadethemfeelsafer.TeenagersinAustralia,38,saidthattheirmobilephonesprovidednumerousbenefitsandwerean39partoftheirlives;somewereso40totheirphonesthattheresearchersconsidereditanaddiction.InJapan,too,researchersareconcernedaboutcellphoneaddiction.ResearchersinonestudyinTokyofoundthatmorethanhalfofjuniorhighschoolstudentsusedtheirphonestoexchangee-mailswithschoolmatesmorethan10timesaday.
Cellphones41socialconnectionswithpeersacrosstimeandspace.Theyallowyoungpeopletoexchangemoment-by-momentexperiencesintheirdailyliveswithspecialpartnersandthustohaveamore42senseofconnectionwithfriends.Cellphonesalsocan43socialtolerancebecausetheyreducechildren'sinteractionswithotherswhoaredifferentfromthem.Inadditiontoconnectingpeers,cellphonesconnectchildrenandparents.ResearchersstudyingteenagersinIsraelconcludedthat,inthat44environment,mobilephoneswereregardedas"securityobjects"inparent-teenrelationships―importantbecausetheyprovidedthepossibilityof45andcommunicationatalltimes.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
A)affiliated
B)attached
C)contact
D)contend
E)continuous
F)diminish
G)endurance
H)foster
I)hazardous
J)improved
K)instantaneous
L)intrinsic
M)relatively
N)shift
O)similarly
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsmarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
WasteNot,WantNot
Feedingthe9Billion:
TheTragedyofWaste
[A]By2075,theUnitedNations'mid-rangeprojectionforglobalpopulationisabout9.5billion.Thismeansthattherecouldbeanextrathreebillionmouthstofeedbytheendofthecentury,aperiodinwhichsubstantialchangesareanticipatedinthewealth,calorieintakeanddietarypreferencesofpeopleindevelopingcountriesacrosstheworld.Suchaprojectionpresentsmankindwithwide-rangingsocial,economic,environmentalandpoliticalissuesthatneedtobeaddressedtodaytoensureasustainablefutureforall.Onekeyissueishowtoproducemorefoodinaworldoffiniteresources.
[B]Today,weproduceaboutfourbillionmetrictonnesoffoodperyear.Yetduetopoorpracticesinharvesting,storageandtransportation,aswellasmarketandconsumerwastage,itisestimatedthat30-50%ofallfoodproducedneverreachesahumanstomach.Furthermore,thisfiguredoesnotreflectthefactthatlargeamountsofland,energy,fertilisersandwaterhavealsobeenlostintheproductionoffoodstuffswhichsimplyendupaswaste.Thislevelofwastageisatragedythatcannotcontinueifwearetosucceedinthechallengeofsustainablymeetingourfuturefooddemands.|
WhereFoodWasteHappens
[C]In2010,theInstitutionofMechanicalEngineersidentifiedthreeprincipalemergingpopulationgroupsacrosstheworld,basedoncharacteristicsassociatedwiththeircurrentandprojectedstageofeconomicdevelopment.
•Fullydeveloped,mature,post-industrialsocieties,suchasthoseinEurope,characterisedbystableordecliningpopulationswhichareincreasinginage.
•Late-stagedevelopingnationsthatarecurrentlyindustrialisingrapidly,forexampleChina,whichwillexperiencedecliningratesofpopulationgrowth,coupledwithincreasingaffluence(富裕)andageprofile.
•Newlydevelopingcountriesthatarebeginningtoindustrialise,primarilyinAfrica,withhightoveryhighpopulationgrowthrates,andcharacterisedbyapredominantlyyoungageprofile.
[D]Eachgroupoverthecomingdecadeswillneedtoaddressdifferentissuessurroundingfoodproduction,storageandtransportation,aswellasconsumerexpectations,ifwearetocontinuetofeedallourpeople.
[E]Inless-developedcountries,suchasthoseofsub-SaharanAfricaandSouth-EastAsia,wastagetendstooccurprimarilyatthefarmer-producerendofthesupplychain.Inefficientharvesting,inadequatelocaltransportationandpoorinfrastructure(基础设施)meanthatproduceisfrequentlyhandledinappropriatelyandstoredunderunsuitablefarmsiteconditions.
[F]Inmature,fullydevelopedcountriessuchastheUK,more-efficientfarmingpracticesandbettertransport,storageandprocessingfacilitiesensurethatalargerproportionofthefoodproducedreachesmarketsandconsumers.However,characteristicsassociatedwithmodernconsumerculturemeanproduceisoftenwastedthroughretailandcustomerbehaviour.
[G]Majorsupermarkets,inmeetingconsumerexpectations,willoftenrejectentirecropsofperfectlyediblefruitandvegetablesatthefarmbecausetheydonotmeetexactingmarketingstandardsfortheirphysicalcharacteristics,suchassizeandappearance.
[H]Oftheproducethatdoesappearinthesupermarket,commonlyusedsalespromotionsfrequentlyencouragecustomerstopurchaseexcessivequantitieswhich,inthecaseofperishablefoodstuffs,inevitablygeneratewastageinthehome.Overallbetween30%and50%ofwhathasbeenboughtindevelopedcountriesisthrownawaybythepurchaser.
BetterUseofOurFiniteResources
[I]Wastingfoodmeanslosingnotonlylife-supportingnutritionbutalsopreciousresources,includingland,waterandenergy.Asaglobalsociety,therefore,tacklingfoodwastewillhelpcontributetowardsaddressinganumberofkeyresourceissues.
[J]LandUsage:
Overthelastfivedecades,improvedfarmingtechniquesandtechnologieshavehelpedtosignificantlyincreasecropyieldsalongwitha12%expansionoffarmedlanduse.However,afurtherincreaseinfarmingareawithoutimpactingunfavourablyonwhatremainsoftheworld'snaturalecosystemsappearsunlikely.Thechallengeisthatanincreaseinanimal-basedproductionwillrequiremorelandandresources,aslivestock(牲畜)farmingdemandsextensivelanduse.
[K]WaterUsage:
Overthepastcentury,humanuseoffreshwaterhasincreasedatmorethandoubletherateofpopulationgrowth.Currentlyabout3.8trillionm3ofwaterisusedbyhumansperyear.About70%ofthisisconsumedbytheglobalagriculturesector,andthelevelofusewillcontinuetoriseoverthecomingdecades.
[L]Betterirrigationcandramaticallyimprovecropyieldandabout40%oftheworld'sfoodsupplyiscurrentlyderivedfromirrigatedland.However,waterusedinirrigationisoftensourcedunsustainably.Inprocessingfoodsaftertheagriculturalstage,therearelargeadditionalusesofwaterthatneedtobetackledinaworldofgrowingdemand.Thisisparticularlycrucialinthecaseofmeatproduction,wherebeefusesabout50timesmorewaterthanvegetables.Inthefuture,moreeffectivewashingtechniques,managementprocedures,andrecyclingandpurificationofwaterwillbeneededtoreducewastage.
[M]EnergyUsage:
Energyisanessentialresourceacrosstheentirefoodproductioncycle,withestimatesshowinganaverageof7-10caloriesofinputbeingrequiredintheproductionofonecalorieoffood.Thisvariesdramaticallydependingoncrop,fromthreecaloriesforplantcropsto35caloriesintheproductionofbeef.Sincemuchofthisenergycomesfromtheutilisationoffossilfuels,wastageoffoodpotentiallycontributestounnecessaryglobalwarmingaswellasinefficientresourceutilisation.
[N]Inthemodemindustrialisedagriculturalprocess—whichdevelopingnationsaremovingtowardsinordertoincreasefutureyields—energyusageinthemakingandapplicationoffertilisersandpesticidesrepresentsthesinglebiggestcomponent.Wheatproductiontakes50%ofitsenergyinputforthesetwoitemsalone.Indeed,onaglobalscale,fertilisermanufacturingconsumesabout3-5%oftheworld'sannualnaturalgassupply.Withproductionanticipatedtoincreaseby25%betweennowand2030,sustainableenergysourcingwillbecomeanincreasinglymajorissue.Energytopowermachinery,bothonthefarmandinthestorageandprocessingfacilities,addstotheenergytotal,whichcurrentlyrepresentsabout3.1%ofannualglobalenergyconsumption.
Recommendations
[O]Risingpopulationcombinedwithimprovednutritionstandardsandshiftingdietarypreferenceswillexertpressureforincreasesinglobalfoodsupply.Engineers,scientistsandagriculturalistshavetheknowledge,toolsandsystemsthatwillassistinachievingproductivityincreases.However,pressurewillgrowonfiniteresourcesofland,energyandwater.Thepotentialtoprovide60-100%morefoodbysimplyeliminatinglosses,whilesimultaneouslyfreeingupland,energy
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