英语高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编及解析.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编及解析.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编及解析
(英语)高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Seventy-three-year-oldGeorgeMcNeilonselectedhisfoodinValueMartverycarefully.Afterleavingthecashier,heestimated(估计)thathehadsaved80centsandthoughtthathehadgotgoodvalueforhismoneyagain.
Attheexit,thechillywindremindedhimofhisgloves."Nowwherearethey?
"Hesearchedhereandthere,butnowherecouldhefindthem.Hewassurehewaswearingthemwhenheenteredthestore.Theworriedmanmadeasecondsearchinallhispockets,againincludingthegrocerybag.Hewassuretheymusthavebeendroppedsomewhereinsidethestore.
Georgeboughttheglovesata25%discount,forjust$30,tenyearsago.Theyweregenuinelambskin(小羊皮),soft,warmanddurable.Untilthen,hehadworncheaperman-madematerialthatlastednomorethanthreeyears.Hisimpulsivedecisiontobuytheexpensiveglovesturnedouttobeagoodone,whichevenpromotedhissocialstatusonthebus,aspassengersstaredathimenviouslyforsixmonthsoutoftheyear.Heenjoyedbeingenvied.
Badluck,Georgethought,tolosehisexpensiveglovesonNewYear'sEve.Hereenteredthestoreandfollowedthesameroutehehadwalkedbefore.Butseveralminutesofanxioussearchturnedouttobeinvain."Societyhaschanged.Peoplehavechanged…"hemurmuredtohimself."Yearsago,ifpeoplepickedupsomethinglost,theywouldgiveitback."
Backhome,Georgewasataloss.Indeepwinter,hecouldnotdoanythingwithoutapairofgloves.Ifheboughtcheapones,hewouldhavetoreplacethemverysoon.Ifheboughtnewleatherones,theywouldcostfortydollars.
Aftertheholiday,poorGeorgedecidedtobuyanotherpairofleathergloves.Beforeboardingthesubway,hesteppedintoValueMartagaintoseeifbyanychancehisgloveshadbeenreturnedtothelostandfoundoffice.
"Whatcolorarethey?
"thewomanintheofficeasked.
"Black,"heanswered.
Shelookedintoherdraweranddrewoutapairofmen'sleathergloves.
"Arethey?
"
"Yes!
Thosearemine!
"
(1)WhichofthefollowingisthemostprobablereasonforGeorge'sshopping?
A. TokilltimeinValueMartasusual.
B. ToprepareforthecomingNewYear.
C. Toprovehowwisehewaswithmoney.
D. Toseewhethertherewereglovesonsale.
(2)WhatdoweknowaboutoldGeorgeMcNeilon?
A. Purebutimpolite.
B. Cleverbutsimple.
C. Economicalbutvain.
D. Warmheartedbutpoor.
(3)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A. Indailylife,accidentswillhappen.
B. Nevereverjumptoconclusions.
C. Apennysavedisapennyearned.
D. Alossmayturnouttobeagain.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,一位老人在除夕夜去超市购物却丢掉手套,并最终找了回来。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Badluck,Georgethought,tolosehisexpensiveglovesonNewYear'sEve.”可知GeorgeMcNeilon是为新年购物,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Heenjoyedbeingenvied.”可知他虚荣心很强,再根据第一段中的“Afterleavingthecashier,heestimated(估计)thathehadsaved80centsandthoughtthathehadgotgoodvalueforhismoneyagain.”可知他很经济,很节省,故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第三段中的“‘Societyhaschanged.Peoplehavechanged…’hemurmuredtohimself.‘Yearsago,ifpeoplepickedupsomethinglost,theywouldgiveitback.’”可知George认为现在的人们都改变了,而根据后文售货员帮他找回了,所以人不要急于下结论,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
Therecession(衰退)of2008-09wasremarkableinrichcountriesforitsintensity,thefollowingrecoveryforitsweakness.Thelabourmarkethasalsobrokentherules,asnewresearchfromtheOECD,athink-tankofmainlyrichcountries,showsinitsannualEmploymentOutlook.
Youngpeoplealwayssufferinrecessions.Employersstophiringthem;andtheyoftengetridofnewrecruitsbecausetheyareeasiertodismiss.Butinpreviousepisodes,suchastherecessionsofthe1970s,1980sand1990s,olderworkerswerealsokickedoff.Thistimeisdifferent.Duringthefinancialcrisisin2008,andsince,theyhavedonebetterthanotheragegroups.
Theresearchersfocusonmovementsin"non-employment"asashareofthetotalpopulationinthreeagegroupsbetweenthefinalquartersof2007and2012.Thismeasurehastheadvantageofincludingnotjustunemployment,wherepeoplearelookingforwork,butalsoinactivity,wherepeoplearenotseekingjobs.Whereastheaveragenon-employmentrateintheOECDhasrisenbyfourpercentagepointsamongyoungpeopleandbyone-and-a-halfpointsamong25-to54-year-olds,ithasfallenbytwopointsamongthe55-64agegroup.
Whyhaveolderemployeesdonesowell?
InsomesouthernEuropeancountriestheybenefitfromjobprotectionnotaffordedtoyoungerworkers,butthatdidnotreallyhelptheminpastrecessions.Whathaschanged,saysStefanoScarpetta,headoftheOECD'semploymentdirectorate,isthatfirmsnowbearthefullcostsofgettingridofolderstaff.Inthepast,early-retirementpoliciesprovidedbygovernments(inthemistakenbeliefthatthesewouldhelpyoungpeople)madeitcheapertopushgrey-hairedworkersoutofthedoor.Thesehavelargelystopped.
Manywillarguethatolderworkershavedonebetterattheexpenseoftheyoung.Thatviewiswrongheaded.First,itisafallacythatajobgainedforonepersonisajoblostforanother;thereisnofixedamountofwork.Andsecond,asthereportshows,youngandoldpeoplearebyandlargenotsubstitutesintheworkplace.Theydodifferenttypesofworkindifferenttypesofoccupation:
youngerpeoplearekeenonITfirms,forexample,whereasolderfolktendtobeemployedinmoretraditionalindustries.Thereareplentyofthingsthatshouldbedonetohelptheyoungjobless,butkickingolderworkersoutoftheworkplaceisnotoneofthem.
(1)Bysaying"Thelabourmarkethasalsobrokentherules",theauthormeans______.
A. youngemployeeswereprotectedbythegovernment
B. youngemployeessufferedmoderatelyinlabourmarket
C. oldemployeessufferedverylittleinthelabourmarket
D. Therecessionhadlittleimpactonlabourmarket
(2)Whatdoweknowabout"early-retirementpolicies"mentionedinthe4thparagraph?
A. Theyprovedtobelittleuseandnearlynolongerineffect.
B. Theyhaveeffectivelyhelpedyoungemployees.
C. Theyfinanciallysupportedtheelderlypeople.
D. TheyhavegainpopularityinsouthernEuropeancountries.
(3)Theword"fallacy"(inthelastparagraph)probablymeans"______".
A. commonbelief
B. wrongconcept
C. acceptableassumption
D. wisestatement
(4)Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?
A. Early-retirementpoliciesshouldhavebeenwelladoptedbygovernments.
B. Youngpeopleshouldbeencouragedintotraditionalindustries.
C. Supportivepoliciesshouldbemadetohelpelderlypeoplewhencrisisoccurs.
D. Oldpeople'sremaininginjobsdoesn'tnecessarilythreatenyoungpeople'sjobs.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了研究显示2008年金融危机期间以及此后,老员工的表现都优于其他年龄段的人,很多人会认为,老员工做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为代价的,事实上这种观点是错误的。
(1)考查句义猜测。
根据第二段中的"Butinpreviousepisodes,suchastherecessionsofthe1970s,1980sand1990s,olderworkerswerealsokickedoff.Thistimeisdifferent.Duringthefinancialcrisisin2008,andsince,theyhavedonebetterthanotheragegroups."可知,在上世纪70年代、80年代和90年代的经济衰退中,老员工也被解雇了,但这次不一样了,2008年金融危机期间以及此后,他们的表现都优于其他年龄段的人,可知,作者所说的"劳动力市场也违反了规则"的意思是老员工在劳动力市场上受的影响很小(没有被解雇),故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的"Inthepast,early-retirementpoliciesprovidedbygovernments(inthemistakenbeliefthatthesewouldhelpyoungpeople)madeitcheapertopushgrey-hairedworkersoutofthedoor.Thesehavelargelystopped"可知,过去,政府的提前退休政策(错误地认为这些政策有助于年轻人)使得把老员工赶出家门的成本更低,现在这些政策已经基本上停止了,由此可知,事实证明,提前退休政策的用处不大,而且几乎不再有效了,故选A。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的"Manywillarguethatolderworkershavedonebetterattheexpenseoftheyoung.Thatviewiswrongheaded."可知,很多人会认为,老员工做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为代价的。
这种观点是错误的,此处解释为什么这种观点是错误的,说的是认为一个人得到的工作就是另一个人失去的工作本身就是一种谬论,由此可知画线词词义为"错误的观念",故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"youngandoldpeoplearebyandlargenotsubstitutesintheworkplace.Theydodifferenttypesofworkindifferenttypesofoccupation"可知,在工作场所,年轻人和老年人基本上不是替换关系,他们在不同的行业做不同的工作,由此可知,作者会同意老年人留在工作岗位上不一定会威胁到年轻人的工作,故选D。
【点评本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和句义猜测四个题型的考查,是一篇社会类阅读,要求考生准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Anewstudyshowsthatairpollutioncancauseahugereductioninourintelligence.ThestudywasaprojectinvolvingresearchersatPekingUniversityinChinaandYaleUniversityintheUnitedStates.
Theresearchersreportedthatlong-termexposuretoairpollutioncanaffectaperson'smentalabilitiesintwoareas:
Languageandmath.
Theresearchersstudiedabout25,000peoplefromacrossChina.Between2010and2014,theseChinesemen,womenandchildrenweregivenlanguageandmathtests.Thenresearcherscomparedthetestresultswithmeasurementsofpollutionintheair,namelynitrogendioxideandsulfurdioxide(二氧化硫).
XiChenoftheYaleSchoolofPublicHealthledthestudy.Heandhisteamfoundthatbreathingpollutedaircanreduceaperson'seducationlevelbyaboutoneyear.
Chensaidthattheeffectgenerallyisworseforthoseover64yearsofage,formenandforthosewithlittleornoeducation.
“Theolderpersons—theyaremoreaffected.Andwefind,quiteamazingly,malesaremoreaffectedthanfemales.Andpeopleworkingoutdoorsaremoreaffectedthanpeopleworkingindoors.
Henotedthattheyoungestpeopleinthestudywere10yearsold,whiletheoldestwas90yearsold.TheycamefromChina's33provinces.Inhiswords,thedataandfactsareconvincingandthisran
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