教师资格考试中学教育知识能力考点归纳.docx
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教师资格考试中学教育知识能力考点归纳.docx
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教师资格考试中学教育知识能力考点归纳
教师资格考试中学教育知识能力考点归纳(3)(Teacherqualificationtest,secondaryschooleducation,knowledge,competence,testsiteinduction(3))
Theteacherqualificationexamofmiddleschooleducationknowledgehaveconcluded(3)
Thedevelopmentofeducationandthethirdsection
Educationcancultivatethetalentneedsofthecommunity,theimportantpointistoseewhetheritfollowsthelawofdevelopmentofhuman.Educationandhumandevelopmentisthemutualrestrictionrelations:
ontheonehand.Educationplaysaleadingroleintheindividual'sphysicalandmentaldevelopmentprocess;ontheotherhand,butalsorestrictstheeducationbylawofindividualphysicalandmentaldevelopment,physicalandmentaldevelopmentofindividualstateeducationisthebasisofbehavior.
First,theindividualphysicalandmentaldevelopment
(a)theconceptofindividualphysicalandmentaldevelopment
Theindividualphysicalandmentaldevelopmentreferstothewholelifeprocessasawholeinindividualcomplexfromthebeginningoflifetotheendoflife.Theprocessofchanging,especiallyreferstothephysicalandmentalcharacteristicsofindividualstochangetheactive.People'sphysicalandmentaldevelopmentincludestwoaspects:
Oneisthephysiologicaldevelopment,alsoknownasthephysicaldevelopment.Thedevelopmentofindividualbodyenhancementincludingnormaldevelopmentandphysicalbodytwoaspects.Thenormaldevelopmentofanorganisminvariousorgans,includingthehealthygrowthofvariousbodysystems.Itistheindividualphysiqueconditionandmaincontents:
thenormaldevelopmentofthephysicalenhancementandhelpthebody.Twopromoteeachother,mutualconnection,intheactualactivitiesbecomeone.
Thetwoispsychologicaldevelopment.Referstothedevelopmentofhumanspirit,includingthedevelopmentofthetwoaspectsofcognitionandintention.Cognitivedevelopmentreferstothedevelopmentofperception,memory,thinkingandotheraspectsoftheintentiondevelopmentreferstothedevelopmentofneeds,interest,emotionandwilletc..Thephysicaldevelopmentandpsychologicaldevelopmentarecloselylinked.Physicaldevelopmentisthematerialbasisofpsychologicaldevelopment,psychologicaldevelopmentalsoaffectsthedevelopmentofphysiology.
(two)specialpeople'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment
1.peoplearesocialpeople,isdevelopinginasocialenvironment
Inthesocialenvironment,notonlytheexistenceofadifferentnature,andeachindividualwithdifferentdegreeofcontactofvariousgroups,butalsotheexistenceofhumancreationandcreativetools.Individualsonlyparticipateinsocialpractice.Inordertosurviveanddevelopment,inordertoplaytotheirpotential,andintothedevelopmentofreality.
Hasthefunctionof2.people'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment
Peoplehavetheabilitytounderstandandtransformtheoutsideworld,ithasmadepeoplebeyondtheanimalworld.Peoplehavetounderstandandtransformtheirabilities.Peoplewithselfconsciousness,toacertainstageofdevelopmentofpeople.Hastheabilitytoplantheirownfutureandcreateconditionsforfuturedevelopment.Theinitiativecanplaybetter,isanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofapersoncanreachahigherlevel.
(three)andthereasonthattheindividual'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment
1.intheory
Intheinternalneedsofthegeneralemphasisonpeople'sphysicalandmentaldevelopmentofpowerismainlyduetotheirphysicalandmentaldevelopment.Theorderisdeterminedbythemechanismofphysicalandmentalmaturity.Namely:
humanindividualpsychologicaldevelopmentiscompletelynaturalfactorsinherentwithinthepredeterminedbytheindividual,psychologicaldevelopmentistheessenceofnaturalfactorsaccordingtotheirintrinsicpurposeordirectionoftheshow.Externalconditionscanonlyaffecttheinherentlawofdevelopment,butcannotchangetherhythm.Inviewofthenaturalandmaturetheory,Preformationism,geneticdeterminism.Thisview-thepositivesignificanceliesinattachingimportancetopeople'sinternalneedsandhumaninherentdevelopmentmechanism.Weaknessistheone-sidedemphasisontheimportanceofinternalfactorsforindividualdevelopment,andignoretheexternalfactorsthatinfluencepeopleandindividualsubjectiveinitiative.
MenciusisrepresentativeofancientChinaintheory,hethoughtthathumannatureisgood,allthingsareinmyheart,thereisthenatureofhumancompassion,shame,humility,isthefourend,thisistherootofbenevolence,righteousness,propriety,wisdomfourbasiccharacterofthepeople,aslongasthegoodself-cultivation,seek,thesequalitiescanbedeveloped.
AustriapsychoanalyticschoolfounderFreudbelievesthatthesexualinstinctisthemostbasicnaturalinstinct,itistopromotethedevelopmentofhumanpotential,unconscious,themostfundamentalreason.
ThecontemporaryAmericansociologist"Wilsonbiologicalgeneduplicationasalltheessenceofpowerdeterminesthepeople.AndtheAmericanpsychologistGesellstressedthedecisiverole,maturemechanismforthedevelopmentofpeoplehebelievesthatpeopledecidedbygenesequence.Ifyouwanttopasstheexternaleducationtrainingabilityformedinfrontofthematuregrabsomescheduleisinefficientorevenfutile.Gesellnotonlythatthehumanbodyfunctiondevelopmentprogramisrestrictedbythegrowthrule,andallotherabilities,includingthegrowthrulebymorality".
2.externalmotivationtheory
Externalizationtheoryandinthetheoryonthecontrary,theessenceofindividualpsychologicaldevelopmentistheenvironmentalimpactoftheresults.Theenvironmentalimpactdeterminesthelevelandformofindividualpsychologicaldevelopment.Thisviewisalsocalledthepsychologicaldevelopmentofenvironmentaldeterminism,shapingtheoryorexperiencetheoryetc..Thebasicviewofexternalizationtheorybelievesthathumandevelopmentmainlyrelyonexternalforces,stimulationandenvironmentalrequirements,suchastheimpactofothersandschooleducation.Thefocusofconcernistheexternalizationofhumanlearning.Learnwhatandhowtolearneffectively.
RepresentativeofChina'sancientevilisXunzi,hebelievesthatthehumanfactoritselfistheneedtoreform.
TheBritishphilosopherRock"whiteboard"istheexternalizationofatypicalrepresentative.Hethinks.Thehumanmindislikeawhiteboard,whichitselfhasnocontent.Cananyoneapplyexternalforcesdeterminesthehumandevelopmentsituation.
AnotherrepresentativeoftheUnitedStatesistheexternalizationofbehavioralpsychologistatWahson,heoncesaid:
givehimahealthybaby,regardlessoftheirancestors,hecantrainthemtobefromtheleadertothethiefandothertypesofpeople.Hethinks.Environmentandeducationistheonlyconditionofpsychologicaldevelopment.Educationiseverything.
SkinnerWahsoninheritedtheenvironmentaldeterminism,thataperson'sbehaviorandpersonalitycanbecomplicatedbytheexternalreinforcementorpunishmentmeanstocultivateandchange,controlorcorrection.
3.multifactorinteractiontheory
Accordingtodialecticalmaterialism,humandevelopmentistheinternalfactors(suchasgeneticquality,maturebodymechanism)andexternalenvironment(externalstimulusintensityandthelevelofsocialdevelopmentandindividualculturalbackground)interactionintheindividualactivitiesinthe.Whoisthemainpracticeactivity,activeparticipationoftheindividual,theindividualdevelopmentcannotbeachieved;subjectiveandobjectiveconditionsinsimilarcircumstances,theextentofindividualinitiative,hasadecisivesignificanceforthedevelopmentofpeople.
(four)thegeneralrulesofindividualphysicalandmentaldevelopment
Theorderofthe1.individualphysicalandmentaldevelopment
Individualphysicalandpsychologicaldevelopmenthasacertainorderinthewholeandindividualprocessandcharacteristicsofphysicalandmentaldevelopmentalsohasacertainorder.Childrenfrombirthtoadulthood,theirphysicalandmentaldevelopmentisfromlowtohighandfromquantitativetoqualitativechangesinthecontinuousdevelopmentprocess.Forexample,thephysicaldevelopmentfollowsfromtoptobottom,fromthemiddletothelimbs,musclesfrombonestosequentialdevelopment,psychologicaldevelopmentisalwaysamechanicalmemorytomemory,thinkingfromtheconcretetoabstractthinking,fromthegeneraltothepassionsemotionalsense,moralsense,aestheticandothercomplexemotions.Intheeducationofteenagers,mustfollowtheconcretetoabstract,fromtheshallowertothedeeper.Fromsimpletocomplex,fromalowerleveltoahigherorder.Graduallymoveforward,not"pushthem",otherwiseitcannotreceivethedesiredeffect,andevendamagetheirphysicalandmental.
The2.stageofindividualphysicalandmentaldevelopment
Individualsshowedgeneralcharacteristicsofdifferentphysicalandmentaldevelopmentandthemaincontradictionindifferentstagesofdevelopment.Facedwithdifferenttasks.Thisisthestageofphysicalandmentaldevelopment.Adjacentstagesareregularlyreplaced.Duringthesameperiod.Thedevelopmentismainlythenumberofchanges,afteraperiodofdevelopment,fromquantitativetoqualitativechange,anddevelopmentlevelhasreachedanewstage.
Theagecharacteristicsofphysicalandmentaldevelopmentofyoungpeopleisthecharacteristicsofformationindifferentagestagesofdevelopmentingeneral,typicalandessential.Ofcourse,betweenthedifferentstagesofdevelopmentareinterrelated,astageaffectsthenextstageofdevelopmentdirectionchoice,sothelifeofeachstageforhumandevelopment.Notonlyhasthisstagesignificance,butalsohas
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