定语从句主谓一致反义疑问句初中时态讲解.docx
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定语从句主谓一致反义疑问句初中时态讲解.docx
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定语从句主谓一致反义疑问句初中时态讲解
定语从句讲解
一.概念:
Heistheboywhooftengoestoschoollate.
先行词关系词定语从句
二.原则:
先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的名词。
a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面,限制修饰先行词。
b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。
c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分.
定语从句分限定性定语从句和非限定性从句。
限定性定语从句是剧中不可缺少的组成部分,如果缺了,先行词的意思就不明确,主句也不完整。
从句和主句之间一般不用都好隔开。
限定性定语从句的关系代词有时可以省略。
非限定性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明,并不影响主句意思的明确或完整。
这种从句一般用逗号与主句隔开,它的关系代词不能省略。
例如:
Theboyismybrother.Hehelpedme.
改成:
Theboywhohelpedmeismybrother.
先行词引导词定语从句
Thefilmisinteresting.Theysawitlastnight.
改成:
Thefilmwhich/thattheysawlastnightisinteresting.
三.定语从句的关系代词及用法
关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等
(1)who,whom的用法
who和whom指人,在从句中分别做主语和宾语。
作动词宾语时常常被省略,在口语中也可用whom代替
TheforeignerwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.(who在句中作主语不可省略)
TheboywhomwesawyesterdaywasJohn’sbrother.(whom在句中做宾语,可省略)
(2)which的用法
which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,做宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。
Theywantedaplantwhichdidn’tneedasmuchwaterasrice.
Itisusedtorecordtheticketswhichpassengersbuy.
(3)whose的用法
Whose指人,在从句中作定语
That’sthemanwhosehousewasburneddown.
如:
Iknowthewoman.Herdaughterstudiesinourschool.
改写:
Iknowthewomanwhosedaughterstudiesinourschool.
(4)that的用法
that在从句中可以用来指物也可以指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时,关系代词that可以省略,但作主语时,关系代词that不能省略。
Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere.
如:
Asharkisananimal.Thesharklivesinthesea.
改写:
Asharkisananimalthatlivesinthesea.
(5)when在定语从句中作时间状语,指时间
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.
注:
先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语,引导词只能用that,which
比如:
October1,1949istheday______we’llneverforget.
October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
第一题中先行词是theday,在从句中we’llneverforgettheday,作宾语,并且不需要表达出“当…时候”,所以用that/which
第二题中先行词是theday,在从句中ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedontheday.做时间状语,所以引导词,用when
Where在定语从句中作地点状语,指地点
EveryonewantstovisittheplacewherePremierZhouonceworked.
Why在定语从与中作原因状语,指原因
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshedidn’tagreetoourstudyplan.
四.下列定语从句只能用that来引导:
1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰
ThisisthelongestbridgethatIhaveeverseen.
2.先行词为序数词所修饰
Ihappenedtobethethousandthguestthatvisitedthegreathotel.
3.先行词既包括人又包括物
Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthathappenedintheschool.
4.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句
Whoisthemanthatcamethismorning?
Whichisthebagthatyoulost?
5.先行词为theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast所修饰的定语从句
Heistheverypersonthatthepolicearelookingfor.
ThisistheonlythingthatIcanremember.
ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.
6.先行词是everything,nothing,everybody,something,anything,等不定代词
Telluseverythingthatyouknow,please.
Isthereanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?
7.先行词是all或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much所修饰的词或者被
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
Youshoulddoallthatisusefultoyourself.
Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.
8.先行词在从句中作表语时,或被修饰成分为表语时
Heisn’tthenaughtyboythathewasseveralyearsago.
That’sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.
五.“介词+关系词”的定语从句:
1)Theboxisfullofbottles.Heisstandingonthebox.
---->Theboxonwhichheisstandingisfullofbottles.
2)Themanisourschoolmaster.Youshookhandswiththemanjustnow.
---->Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsisourschoolmaster.
3)ThepenismadeinShanghai.Sheiswritingwiththepen.
---->ThepenwithwhichsheiswritingismadeinShanghai.
注意看与先行词的搭配关系,与谓语动词的搭配习惯。
1.Iwillneverforgettheday_________Ijoinedthearmy.
2.Iwillneverforgetthedays________Iworkedintheschool.
3.Iwillneverforgettheyear________mysonwenttocollege.
4.Haveyoufoundthebook________Ipaid29dollars.
5.Haveyoufoundthebook_________Ispent29dollars.
6.Haveyoufoundthebook_________welearntalot.
六、下列场合通常只用which
1.先行词本身是that且指物时。
Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.
2.引导非限制性定语从句时
MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.
3.关系代词作介词宾语时,即在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。
ThisistheroominwhichIwasborn.
2.先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时,关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如:
Youshouldgraspwellthoseskillswhichmaybeusedinthefuturework.
最后,记得这个特殊情况吧:
当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时,可以用that引导定语从句,相当于介词+which,that可以省略。
如:
Shelikesthechildfortheveryreasonthat(=forwhich)sheloveshisfather.她喜欢那个孩子因为她爱着孩子的父亲。
Hedidn’tlikethewaythat(=inwhich)shespeakstohismother.他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。
Imaginethespeedthat(=atwhich)hedrivesthecar.很难想象,他开车开得那么快。
Thereason(that/forwhich/why)hecameherewastoaskforourhelp.他来这里的原因是寻求我们的帮助。
七、下列场合只用who
1.先行词是one,ones,anyone,those等时
Thosewhodidn’thandinyourpaperspleasestandup.
2.先行词是人且有较长的修饰语时
ImetaforeignerintheparkinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldspeakChineseverywell.
3.先行词是he,I,you,they等时(用作谚语)
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisn’tatrueman.
Hewholaughslast,laughsbest.
4.Therebe句型结构中
Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.
Therearestillsomestudentswhohaven’thandedintheirhomework.
练习:
1.Theschoolisafamousschoolin________hersonisstudying.
2.Thatisthereason_________IwanttogotoShanghai.
3.Theboy________trousersareyellowisfromNewYork.
4.Shewrotesomebooks_______sellwell.
5.Wearegoingtolookforawoman________canmendshoes.
6.Isthereanything_________Icandoforyou?
7.Ihatepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.whichB.whoC.thoseD.they
8.Peopleliketoliveinahouse_____isbigandbright.
A.thatB.whoC.howD.why
9.Jackwenttothemuseumandsawmanypictures_____weredrawnbyafamousperson.
A.thatB.whoC.whatD.whom
10.Theyoungman______wemetthedaybeforeyesterdayisournewP.Eteacher.
A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which
11.----Canyouintroducethetowntome?
-----OK.Thisisthetownin_______Iwasborn.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it
12.Myfatherissuchakindofperson_______isalwaysreadytohelpanyoneintrouble.
A.beB.sheC.whomD.that
13.Couldyoushowmetheshirt_____youboughtthismorning.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.where
14.Istillrememberthevillage_______IlivewhenIwasyoung.
A.thatB./C.whereD.inthat
15.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this
16.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD./
17.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.
A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as
18.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.
A.whichB.thatC./D.it
19.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all
20._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.
A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho
21.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.
A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this
22.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD./
23.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.
A.whomB.whoC./D.he
24.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.
A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoor
C.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor
25.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.
A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who
26.Thefarm_____westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthat
27.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.
A.whatB.whichC.asD./
28.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.
A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there
29.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?
A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which
30.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
31.2耀oyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat
32.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich
33.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich
34.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?
A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what
35.Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone
36.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
37.Haveyouseenthegirl_____?
A.thatItoldB.ItoldyouofC.whomItoldD.Itoldof
38.Thedaysaregone_____weuse“foreignmatches”.
A.duringwhenB.duringthat
C.onwhichD.duringwhich
39.Finallythethiefhandedineverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whatever
40.Thelecturespokeofsomewritersandnovels_____wereknowntousall.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
41.Icanstillrememberthesittingroom_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
42.Itwasraininghard,_____keptusindoors.
A.whichB.thatC.asD.what
43.Theonlyquestion_____istofindourwayhome.
A.thatmatteredB.thatmatters
C.whichmatteredD.matter
主谓一致情况
语法一致
1、用作主语的名词、名词词组如果是单数,动词用单数形式,如果名词是复数,动词用复数形式。
Shewantstogohome.她想回家。
Tomisastudent.汤姆是一个学生。
Theyareworkinghard.他们正在努力工作。
2、用and或both…and连接并列主语,表示不同概念,谓语动词常用复数。
Youandhebothstandup.你和他都站了起来。
Waterandairarebothimportant. 水和空气都很重要。
Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不待人。
并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时,即指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:
⑴ 相关名词并列表示整体概念。
如:
ironandsteel钢铁 lawandorder治安 breadandbutter 黄油面包
⑵ 配套事物。
如:
awatchandchain一块带链的表aneedleandthread针线acoatandtie
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
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部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 定语 从句 主谓 一致 反义 疑问句 初中 时态 讲解