北师大高三英语Unit 32重点词汇.docx
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北师大高三英语Unit 32重点词汇.docx
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北师大高三英语Unit32重点词汇
北师大高三英语Unit32重点词汇
一、重点单词:
1.strainn.过度的疲劳,紧张,张力,应变;vt.扭伤,损伤;v.拉紧,扯紧,(使)紧张,尽力;
短语:
strainoffthewater 滤去…中的水;strainoutcoffeegrounds 滤出咖啡渣;strainafter 全力追求,拼命想得到;strainafteraneffect 为求效果而矫揉造作;strainafteroriginality 力求不落俗套;strainagainsttherope 使劲拉绳子;strainat 用力,奋力,努力;strainatacceptinganunpleasantfact 极不愿接受一个不愉快的事实;strainattheleather 使劲拉皮带;strainattheoar 使劲划桨;strainunderaheavyburden 在重压之下苦撑苦度;
用法:
①strain既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。
用作及物动词时,可接名词或代词作宾语。
②strain作名词,常后接on,表示“对……的重负”;作动词,后接at,表示“拉紧”;后接for或after,表示“使劲”。
如:
Thepaymentofthelawyer’sbillswasagreatstrainonmyresources./Thedogstrainedattherope./Everyonestrainedthroughthedarknessforsomesightofshore.
配套练习:
①Thenoisewassofaintthatyouhadto______yourearstohearit.
A.stirB.strengthenC.strainD.stride
②Itwastheold-worldpolitenessthat________metogoonwiththeunbearableconversationwithhim.
A.obligedB.controlledC.strainedD.upset
③I’mtryingtolearnChinese,andIfinditquite_______.
A.demandingB.dominatingC.competitiveD.straining
④The______thatexistsamongnationscouldcertainlybelessenedifmisunderstandingandmistrustwereremoved.
A.tensionB.strainC.stressD.intensity
⑤Muchofthenewsprovidedbythisnewspaperis_______,notforeign.
A.domesticB.strainC.purchaseD.murder
2.exceedvt.超越,胜过;vi.超过其他;exceedinglyadv.非常地,极度地;
短语:
exceedallexpectation 出乎一切预料;exceedsb'sestimate 超过某人的估计;exceedthespeedlimit 超过速率限制;exceedfrequently 经常超出;exceedillegally 非法超过;exceedby 超过;exceedin 在…方面胜过;
用法:
exceed的宾语后接in,表示“在……上超过”。
如:
LondonexceedsGlasgowinsizeandpopulation.
配套练习:
①Thepolicewillgiveyouaticketifyou____thespeedlimit.
A.breakB.rejectC.suspendD.exceed
②Thecostofthedamage_________ourworstfears.
A.excelledB.examinedC.exceededD.excess
③Ifyourletterisoverweight,youmustpayforthe_______.
A.excessB.exceedC.checkedD.chased
④Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight_______whatshehadbeenexpecting.
A.exceedB.exclaimC.excessD.extend
⑤Hecheckedcarefullyto_______thepossibleerrorsinhisdesign.
A.eliminateB.exceedC.enlargeD.vibrate
⑥The______cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.
A.incompatibleB.exceedingC.instantaneousD.eternal
3.forecast预报、预测
短语:
forecasttheweather预报天气;aweatherforecast天气预报;forecastachangeinthesituation预示着形势有所变化;forecastabigincreaseinsales 预测销量会大增;forecasttheelectionresult 预测选举结果;forecastthefuture 预测未来;forecastrain 预测有雨;forecastsituation 预测形势;forecastsnow 预测下雪;
用法:
①forecast的基本含义是在某事发生之前告知其将要发生,即“预言,预测,预报”,是指对未来的预报、推测和设想,尤指天气预报,所强调的是预测的结果。
②forecast多用作及物动词,接名词、代词或由that或疑问词引导的从句作宾语。
配套练习:
①Therecentstatementofthepresident___achangeinthesituation.
A.forecastB.forecastedC.wasforecastedD.bothAandB
②Theexperiencedmerchantmade___thatIwouldgetintotroubledoingbusinesswithacompanylikethat.
A.anadviceB.adecisionC.aforecastD.adesign
③Theweatherstationforecaststheweather___everyday.
A.intimeB.ontimeC.attimeD.atthetime
④Theweatherforecastwarnedthatastorm_____.
A.iscomingB.willcomeC.cameD.wascoming
4.shrink(v)(使)收缩、退缩(from);缩短;
短语:
shrinkwithcold冷得缩成一团;shrinkintooneself缩成一团、变得沉默寡言;shrinkfrommeetingstrangers怕见生人;shrinkbackbeforedifficulties 知难而退;shrinkbackfromthehorrifyingspectacle 躲避恐怖的景象;shrinkbackfromtheman 回避那个人;shrinkoutofshape 缩得走了样;shrinkatthethoughtof 想到…就畏缩不前;shrinkfrom 退避,在…前面畏缩;shrinkfromdangers 遇危险退缩;shrinkfrommeetingstrangers 怕见生人;shrinkfromresponsibility 逃避责任;shrinkinthewash (棉织品)洗时要缩水;shrinkintooneself 缩做一团;shrinkintoacorner 缩进角落;shrinktoskeletonsize 减少到最低程度;shrinkwithcold 冷得缩成一团;shrinkwithfear 吓得退缩;shrinkwithwater 缩水;
用法:
shrink可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。
用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。
shrink作vi,后接from,表示“从……处退缩”;shrunk可作表语,shrunken通常只作定语。
如:
Heshrankfromahardwork./Itissoshrunkthatitnolongerfitsme./Heisshort,shrunkenoldman.
配套练习:
①Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn't____inthewash,butithas.
A.contractB.shrinkC.slimD.dissolve
②Grainproductionintheworldis_____,butstillmillionsgohungry.
A.staggeringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending
③Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbeginto_____fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.
A.differB.shrinkC.failD.decline
④Sincehegraduatedfromthecollege,hehasbeen_____experimentsandcalculations.
A.shrinkingB.accumulatingC.accountingD.undertaking
5.file(n)公文柜、档案、文档;编档保存;
短语:
afileofnewspapers报纸合订本;fileasuitagainstsb对某人提出控告;infile依次、鱼贯地;onfile存档;insingle/Indianfile成单行;fileby 成纵队走过;filefor 提出…申请;filefordivorce 申请离婚;fileforajob 申请就业;filein 鱼贯而入,陆续编入;fileinto 成纵队进入;fileintotheroom 鱼贯而入房间;fileonapplication 提出申请书;fileoutoftheroom 鱼贯走出房间;filepast 成纵队走过…;filepasttherostrum 列队走过检阅台;
用法:
①file作vt,宾语后接with,表示向某人呈递某物;宾语后接up,表示把某物存档。
如:
Hefiledtheapplicationwiththedirector./Hefiledthedocumentsup.
②file作“用锉锉”解时,是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,也可接由形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
配套练习:
①Thecompanyisonthevergeofbankruptcy,andhundredsofjobsareat____.
A.portraitB.stakeC.fileD.stick
②Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto____theproblem.
A.relateB.file C.attachD.tackle
③Thankyouforapplyingforapositionwithourfirm.Wedonothaveanyopeningsatthistime,butweshallkeepyourapplicationon_______fortwomonths.
A.pileB.segmentC.fileD.sequence
④Theinspectionreporthasalreadybeenfiled_____themanager.
A.withB.aboutC.overD.on
6.exploitvt.开拓,开发,开采,剥削,用以自肥;v.使用;
短语:
beexploitedasexpendable(s) 成了牺牲品;beexploitedby 受…的剥削;beexploitedfor 为…开采;beexploitedtothefull 得到充分利用;beexploitedwith 用…方法来剥削;listentosb'sexploits 听某人的事迹;performexploit 作出业绩;singsb'sexploits 歌颂某人的功绩;
用法:
exploit是及物动词,其后常接名词或代词作宾语。
作动词,宾语可指人,也可指事物,宾语后接for,表示“因……而剥削或开发……”。
如:
Thecompanyexploiteditsworkers.Amineisexploitedforitsminerals.
配套练习:
①Theyaretryingto____thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.
A.exposeB.exhibitC.exhaustD.exploit
②Findingajobcanbe________anddisappointing,andthereforeitisimportantthatyouareprepared.
A.exploitingB.frustratingC.profitingD.misleading
③Theyspentmanyyears_______foroilinthissmallisland.
A.exploringB.explodingC.exposingD.exploiting
④Asacommander,youshouldnot____thesoldierstounnecessarydanger.
A.expressB.exploitC.explodeD.expose
7.roughadj.,n.&adv.艰难的,粗糙的,不适的;草图,略图;粗鲁地,粗略地;过简单不很舒适的生活;
短语:
havearoughtongue说话粗鲁;roughin 画…的轮廓;roughout 作出,写出;roughroad 崎岖的道路;roughsea 狂暴的大海;roughtime 辛酸时期;roughweather 恶劣天气;roughon 对…粗暴的;
用法:
①rough用作副词时意思是“简陋地”,引申可指“粗暴地”“大致地”。
②rough在句中主要用作状语。
③rough的基本意思是“使粗糙”,多指使质料不精细或使之不光滑。
引申可表示“过简陋生活”。
④rough通常只用作及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。
配套练习:
(1).完成句子
①他们在小岛上过着简单的生活。
______________________onasmallisland.
(2).单项填空:
①Theweathercontinued________,andtheroadswereoftensteep.
A.officialB.roughC.reliableD.straight
②Gasolineisprocessedfrom____oil.
A.rawB.roughC.crudeD.tough
③Wehavehadtoraiseourpricesbecauseoftheincreaseinthecostof____materials.
A.primitiveB.roughC.originalD.raw
④Ajeepisidealfordrivingover_________terrain.
A.smoothB.evenC.roughD.steep
8.coordinatevt.使协调,使调和;
短语:
coordinatewith 使与…协调;coordinatewitheachother 互相策应,互相配合;coordinatebranches 同等部门;coordinatesentence 并列句;coordinateone'sefforts 齐心协力;coordinategrowth 协调发展;coordinateoperations 协调操作;coordinatetheworkforce 协调劳力;
用法:
①coordinate的基本意思是“使协调,使调和”,指力量、行动等配合得适当。
②coordinate是及物动词,后多接抽象名词作简单宾语,可用于被动语态,其主语多为人。
配套练习:
Tomorrowthemayoristo_____agroupofCanadianbusinessmenonatourofthecity.
A.coordinateB.cooperateC.accompanyD.associate
②Thisexpertwill____hisremarkstoe-businessthistime.
A.coordinateB.renderC.confineD.depict
③Everything _____ tomakethepartyasuccess.
A.coordinatedB.cooperatedC.accompaniedD.associated
④Youhave _____ agreatservicetothecountry.
A.coordinatedB.renderedC.confinedD.depicted
⑤Ourprogramisdifferentinthatitstressesthetechnicalskillsthatbusinessandindustryseekasthey_________theInternetintotheirenterprisesystems.
A.coordinateB.connectC.importD.incorporate
9.opponentn.对手,反对者;
短语:
attacktheopponent 攻击对手;beattheopponent 击败对手;condemntheopponent 谴责对手;bitteropponent 死对头;formidableopponent 难以对付的对手;powerfulopponent 强大的对手;opponentsofapartheid 反对种族隔离的人;opponentstoabill 议案的反对者;
比较:
opponent,adversary,antagonist,enemy,foe
foe的意思是“仇敌”,主要用于文学语言中,常与friend相对;adversary意为“对手,反对者”,可指“反对的一方”,也可指敌人;antagonist指积极采取敌对行为的“对抗者”,尤指在争权夺霸过程中的“敌手”;enemy意为“敌人,仇敌”,是普通用语,在指“敌军”时,常用单数形式;opponent意为“对手”,多指比赛、辩论或竞争中的对方,一般不表示有积极的敌意。
配套练习:
①They’reinterviewingthree_____forthepostofsalesmanager.
A.sponsorsB.candidatesC.advocatesD.opponents
②IguessJonesdidn’thaveachancetowintheelection.Almostallofthepeopleinthecityvotedforhis____.
A.opponentB.candidateC.colleagueD.advocate
③Tobe candid_____,Idon'tlikeyourhairstyle.
A.opponentB.candidateC.colleagueD.advocate
④LiuXiang,thefamousChineserunner,___allhisopponents,___the110-metrehurdlesinthe27thOlympicGames.
A.winning;wonB.beating;winningC.defeated;wonD.beating;won
⑤Jackwantstobe_______whenhegrowsup.
A.abarB.acousinC.anopponentD.anastronaut
10.intentionn.意图,目的;
短语:
byintention 故意做;apersonofgoodintention 好心人;withgoodintentions 好心好意地;withoutintention 无意地;intentionfor… 的动机;intention
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