Scientific American 阅读理解CD.docx
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Scientific American 阅读理解CD.docx
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ScientificAmerican阅读理解CD
2020届淮阴区教研室高三英语模拟试题(三)
第三部分阅读理解
C
Theoceancoversmorethan70%ofourplanet,anareaofover160millionsquaremiles.Itissoimmense(极大的)thatexplorersoncethoughttherewasnowaytocrossit.Whenourshipswereadvancedenoughtodoso,peoplethenthoughtitimpossibleforhumanstoeverexhaustfisheriesordrivemarinespeciestoextinction.
Theywerewrong.Commercialfishingnowcoversanareafourtimesthatofagricultureandmuchofthatexpansehasbeencompletelyunsustainable.Wehavedepleted90%offormerlyimportantcoastalspecies.Largefishhavebeenharvestedsoheavilythattheyarevirtuallywipedoutinmanyplaces.
Somemayhopethatthereareimmenseareasstilluntouched,giventhathumansdonotliveontheoceanandweneedspecializedshipstogofarbeyondthecoast.Butthatisincorrect.Astudy,publishedin2018inCurrentBiology,showsincoastalregions,wherehumanactivitiesaremostintense,thereisalmostnowildernessleftatall,andthatjust13%oftheoceanremainsaswilderness.
Theseremnants(剩余部分)ofwildernessarehometounparalleledmarinelife,sustaininglargepredatorsandhighlevelsofgeneticdiversity.Thelackofhumanimpactcanalsomakethemhighlyresilienttorisingseatemperatures,whichcannotbehaltedwithoutglobaleffortstoreduceemissions.
Wildernessareasalsoactlikeawindowintothepast,revealingwhattheoceanusedtolooklike.Thisiscrucialinformationformarineconservation.Ifwearetorestoredegradedareastotheirformerstate,weneedtoknowwhattoaimfor.
Whatconcernsusnowisthatmostwildernessremainsunprotected.Thismeansitcouldbelostatanytime,asadvancesintechnologyallowustofishdeeperandshipfartherthaneverbefore.Thankstoawarmingclimate,evenplacesthatwereoncesafeguardedbecauseofyear-roundicecoverarenowopentofishingandshipping.
Thislackofprotectionstemsinlargepartfrominternationalenvironmentalpoliciesfailingtorecognizetheuniquevaluesofwilderness,insteadfocusingonsavingat-riskecosystemsandavoidingextinctions.Thisissimilartoagovernmentusingitsentirehealthbudgetoncardiacsurgery,withoutpoliciesencouragingexercisetodecreasetheriskofheartattacksoccurringinthefirstplace.
OurCurrentBiologypapercomeswithaplea.Aswedevelopinternationalconservationagreements,itiscrucialthatwerecognizetheuniquevalueofwildernessandsettargetsforitsretention(保留).Withoutfurtheraction,wildernessareaswilllikelybelostforever—somethingPresidentLyndonB.JohnsonurgedustoavoidwhenhesignedtheWildernessActin1964,“Iffuturegenerationsaretorememberuswithgratituderatherthancontempt,”Johnsonobserved,“wemustleavethemmorethanthemiraclesoftechnology.Wemustleavethemaglimpseoftheworldasitwasinthebeginning.”
61.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedoneinparagraph4?
A.protectedB.affectedC.restoredD.stopped
62.Commercialfishingcoverssuchavastareamainlydueto________.
A.lackofconservationB.advancedtechnologyandglobalwarming
C.humans’curiosityD.therecognitionofthevaluesofwilderness
63.Howdoestheauthormakehisargumentclearandpersuasiveinthelasttwoparagraphs?
A.QuotingandusinganexampleB.Usingstatisticsandanexample
C.DrawingananalogyandquotingD.Usingstatisticsanddrawingananalogy
64.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.
A.warnhumanbeingsoftheimpactofglobalwarming
B.urgepeopletopreservewildernessareasoftheocean
C.blamefishingcompaniesfortheirunsustainablefishing
D.underlinethesignificanceoftheoceanforhumanbeings
文本解读:
本文ScientificAmerican2018-12,主要讲述了渔业的过度开发对沿海及大洋的生态带来的毁灭性破坏,敦促人们采取措施去保护海洋,尤其是海洋原貌的保留区域。
61.D词意猜测题。
结合该词所在句子进行分析可知:
which指代risingseatemperatures,定语从句的句意应是:
没有全球的共同努力去减少排放,海洋水温的上升趋势就不会停下来。
故选D。
62.B细节判断题。
第六段Thankstoawarmingclimate一句提到了气候变暖,第六节第二句asadvancesintechnologyallowustofishdeeperandshipfartherthaneverbefore提到了技术方面的进步,故B项是正确的表述。
A,C和D项的表述与本题无关。
63.C推理判断题。
倒数第二节使用的是类比的方法(保护环境的政策重点误置与健康预算资金的使用不当作类比),倒数第一节引用了Johnson所说的话,故选C。
64.B写作意图题。
尽管A、C和D项的表述在文中都提到了,但不是写作的主要意图。
真正的意图应是通过意识到情况的严重性,进而敦促人们行动起来去保护海洋,故选B。
2020届高三年级第二学期期初联考试卷
英语试题
命题单位:
无锡一中审核单位:
丹阳高级中学金陵中学
D
Tolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon'tquestionnevertrulythinkforthemselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhumanthoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificcommunitythateven1,200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!
Brilliantmindscanintimidateupandcomingthinkerswhoarenotconfidentoftheirabilities.TheyoftenbelievetheyareinferiortothemindsofgiantssuchasAristotle,leadingmanytoacceptcurrentparadigmsinsteadofquestioningthem.
I,likemanythinkersofthepast,oncebelievedinmymentalinferiority.Iwascertainthatmyparents,myteachers—adultsingeneral—werealwaysright.Theywerelikeatextbooktome;Ididn'tquestionwhatwaswrittenonthosepages.Irespectedthem,andacceptedwhatevertheytoldme.Butthatattitudesoonchanged.Mymind'sindependencewasfirststimulatedintheclassroom.
Astern,65yearoldelementaryschoolscienceteacheroncetoldmethatlightisatypeofwave.Iconfidentlywentthroughyearsofschoolbelievingthatlightisawave.Oneday,howeverIheardtheGermanexchangestudentmentionthatlightcouldbemadeupofparticles.Astheotherslaughedathisstatement,Istartedtoquestionmybeliefs.
Maybetheteachersandtextbookshadn'tgivenmethewholestory.Iwenttothelibrary,didsomeresearchandlearnedofthelightasawaveversuslightasaparticledebate.IreadaboutEinstein'sdiscoveryofthedualnatureoflightandlearnedthefactsofaparadox(悖论)thatpuzzlestheworld'sgreatestthinkerstothisday.Lightbehavesasbothaparticleandawave,itisbothatonce.IrealizedIhadgonethroughlifeacceptingonlyhalfofthestoryasthewholetruth.
Eachnewyearbroughtmorenewfacts,andIformulatedevenmorequestions.Ifoundmyselfinthelibraryafterschool,tryingtofindmyownanswerstogainamorecompleteunderstandingofwhatIthoughtIalreadyknew.Idiscoveredthatmyparentsandteachersareincredibletoolsinmyquestforknowledge,buttheyareneverthefinalword.Eventextbookscanbechallenged.Ilearnedtoquestionmysources,Ilearnedtobeathinker.IoncebelievedthateverythingIlearnedathomeandatschoolwascertain,butIhavenowdiscoveredtoreexaminewhennecessary.
Questionsaresaidtobethepathtoknowledgeandtruth,andIplantocontinuequestioning.Howmanythingsdoweknowforsuretodaythatwewillquestioninthefuture?
Atthismoment,Iknowthatoursunwillburnforanotherfivebillionyears,andIknownothingcanescapethegravityofablackhole.Thisknowledge,however,maychangeinthenext20years—maybeeveninthenexttwo.Theonethingwecancontrolnowisouropennesstodiscovery.Questionsarethetoolsofopenminds,andopenmindsarethekeytointellectualadvancement.
65.Inthefirstparagraph,Aristotleistakenasanexampletoshowthat______.
A.heisthegreatestandrespectedphilosopherofalltime
B.hugeinfluenceofgreatthinkersmayblockhumanthought
C.advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheories
D.greatthinkersoftenmakemistakesandthencorrectthem
66.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”inParagraph2mean?
A.Frighten.B.Encourage.C.Strength.D.Persuade.
67.Theauthorbegantoquestionhispreviousbeliefsbecause______.
A.whathelearnedfromtextbooksbeforeturnedouttobewrong
B.hewasinspiredbythedifferentideasfromanexchangestudent
C.hewaslaughedatbyotherstudentsforhisunacceptablestatement
D.hewasnotsatisfiedwithhislifeanddesperatetoachievesuccess
68.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor______.
A.looksdownupongreatthinkersallthetime
B.neverdoubtswhathehaslearnedinthetextbook
C.alwaysthrowshimselfintothelaboratory
D.determinestobeathinkerandquestioner
69.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat______.
A.theauthorisnotquitesureabouthisfuture
B.wehumanbeingsdon'tdaretopredictfuture
C.theoryofblackholeswillchangeintwoyears
D.questioningisnecessarytopromoteadvancementthe
70.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Followingrules.B.Challengingyourself.
C.Questioninggiants.D.Predictingfuture.
66—70ABDDC
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