03 英语阅读理解之词义猜测题新高二英语增分高效练之题型特训.docx
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03 英语阅读理解之词义猜测题新高二英语增分高效练之题型特训.docx
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03英语阅读理解之词义猜测题新高二英语增分高效练之题型特训
2020年暑假新高二英语增分高效练之题型特训03
英语阅读理解·词义猜测题
☞【命题方式】
1.Theword/phrase"…"inthepassagemeans_________.
2.Theword/phrase"…"canbebestreplacedby_________.
3.Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestinmeaningto_________?
4.Theword/phrase"…"probablyrefersto_________.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase"…"inthepassagemean?
猜词是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中常用的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义,我们要特别注意熟词生义,切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1.定义法。
Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.
句子给予annealing以明确的定义,即"退火"。
Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是"脆"的意思。
Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.
定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为"牧人"。
2.同位法。
Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.
同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义,即"城堡"。
Weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8a.m.—thisweek.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是"夜班"的意思。
3.对比法。
Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.
but一词表转折,因此but前后的意思正相反。
后半句的意思是"她今天第一节上了一半才来",因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。
4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。
Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?
possibility是possible的同根名词,据此可以判断定possibility意思是"可能性"。
5.因果法。
Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.
从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中,可以推测permanent的意思为"永远的,永久"。
题型特训
A
Anewly-marriedSwedencoupleonafour-monthhoneymoonwerehitbyaseriesofnaturaldisasters,suchastheAustralianfloods,ChristchurchearthquakeandJapanesetsunami.
StefanandErikaSvanstromleftStockholm,Sweden,onDecember6andwereimmediatelytrappedinMunich,Germany,duetooneofEurope’sworstsnowstorms.Travelingwiththeirbabydaughter,theyflewontoCairnsinAustraliawhichwasthenstruckbyoneofthemostfiercecyclones(龙卷风)inthenation'shistory.Fromthere,thecouplewereforcedtoshelterfor24hoursonthecoldfloorofashoppingcentrewith2500others.
“Treeswerebeingknockedoverandbigbrancheswerescatteredacrossthestreets,”MrSvanstromtoldSweden’sExpressennewspaper.“Weescapedbytheskinofourteeth.Itwassocloseanencounterwithdeath.
TheythenheadedsouthtoBrisbanebutthecitywasexperiencingmassiveflooding,sotheycrossedthecountrytoPerthwheretheynarrowlyescapedragingbushfires.ThecouplethenflewtoChristchurch,NewZealand,arrivingjustafteramassivemagnitude(震级)6.3earthquakedestroyedthecityonFebruary22.
MrsSvanstromsaid,“Whenwegottherethewholetownwasawarzone.”
“Wecouldnotvisitthecitysinceitwascompletelyblockedoff,soinsteadwetraveledaroundbeforegoingtoJapan.”
ButdaysaftertheSvanstromsarrived.TokyowasrockedbyJapan’slargestearthquakesincerecordsbegan.“Thetremblingwashorribleandwesawroofsflyoffthebuildings,”MrSvanstromsaid.“Itwaslikethebuildingswereshakingbackandforth.”
ThefamilyreturnedtoStockholmonMarch29afteramuchcalmervisittotheirlastdestination---China.ButMrSvanstrom---whoalsosurvivedthedestructivetsunamithathitsoutheastAsiain2004---saidthemarriagewasstillgoingstrong.Headded,“Iknowmarriageshavetoenduresometrials(考验),butIthinkwehavebeenthroughmostofthem.We’vecertainlyexperiencedmorethanourfairshareofdisasters,butthemostimportantthingisthatwe'retogetherandhappy.”
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.ThecouplewenttoPerthbecauseofthebushfireinBrisbane.
B.Christchurch,NewZealandwasinruinswhenthecouplearrived.
C.ThecoupleexperiencedtheworstearthquakeinJapan'shistory.
D.ThecoupletvisittoChinawascomparativelyuneventful.
2.Whichofthefollowingexpressionscanreplacetheunderlinedsentence?
A.Weranawayinfear.
B.Ourteethwerebrokenwhenweranaway.
C.Weescapedwithothers'help.
D.Wenarrowlyescapeddeath.
3.WhatistherealmeaningofwhatMrSvanstromsaidafterthehoneymoon?
A.Hedarednottravelagaininaperiodoftimebutwouldfaceanydifficultyinhismarriage.
B.Heregardedthedisastersastestsintheirmarriageandhefelttheysurvived.
C.Hethoughttheyshouldsharethesufferingandwouldprovidedisasterrelieftotheaffectedareas.
D.Hebelievedthehorribleexperienceasignthattheyshouldnotbetogether.
4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ASeriesofNaturalDisasters
B.AnIndifferentJourney
C.ACloseLookatDisasters
D.TheUnforgettableHoneymoonFromHell
B
Inaworldwherenearly6millionfingerprintrecordsofgovernmentemployeesarestoleninonecomputerhack,andwheremillionsofpeoplearevictimsofidentitythefteveryyear,thenextstepincybersecuritymaywellbemappingyourbrain.
ResearchersatBinghamtonUniversity,StateUniversityofNewYorkarcworkingonabiometric(生物特征识别的)systemthatrecordshowyourbrainreactstocertainimages.Withalittlemorepolishing,thescientists'brainchildcouldbecomethewayyougetintoasafedepositbox,yourofficeorpastscannersattheairport.Itcouldreplacethepasswordforyouronlinebanking,youremailoryoursocialmediaaccounts.
Theystartedtheirprojectbymeasuringthebrainwavesof30subjects.Thesubjectswerefittedwithacapthathad30electrodes(电极)attachedtoit,andthenshownvariousimagesandsymbols—celebrityfaces,words,picturesoffood---onacomputerscreenin200-millisecondbursts.Thebrain\reactionwasrecorded.
Theideaisthateverytimeapersonneedstousea“password",heorshegoesthroughthesameprocedure,andtheresultsarematchedwiththeirfirst-timereaction.Ifthe"brainprint"iscompromised---likewhathappenedwiththefingerprintrecords---thenthesystemismerelyresetbyrunninganothersetofimagesandcollectingadifferentsetofbrainwaves。
."Evenifthatwasstolen,youcouldjustcancelitandrecordonetosomethingelse",saysprofessorLaszlo.
Laszloandherteamhaveshownthattheirsystemcanbe100percentaccurate.Sooneofthemoredifficultpartsofmakingthesystempracticalalreadyhasbeenovercome.Now,they'respendingmuchtimerecordingaccuratebrainprintswithasfewasthreeelectrodes,whichcouldmakerecordinginthefutureaseasyaswearingapairofspecialglasses.They'realsoworkingwithcheapermaterialsanddifferentmethodstoseeiftheycanbringthecostdown.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"brainchild"inparagraph2referto?
A.Thebrainfunction.B.Thefingerprintrecord.
C.Theonlinepassword.D.Thebiometricsystem.
6.Whyweretheimagesandsymbolsshowntothesubjects?
A.Tocheckthebrain'sreaction.
B.Tocreatetheirbrainprints.
C.Tomatchbrainprintswithpictures.
D.Toconnectbrainwavestoelectrodes.
7.Whatwillhappenwhenabrainprintfails?
A.Anewonewillbeset
B.Aspareonewillbemadereadybeforehand.
C.Theusers'identitywillbestolen.
D.Thefingerprintrecordwillreplaceit.
8.Whataretheresearchersdoingwiththeprogramnow?
A.Improvingitsaccuracy.
B.Recordingmorebrainprints.
C.Makingituser-friendly.
D.Increasingthenumberofelectrodes.
C
Pangolins(穿山甲)arethemosttrafficked(非法交易)mammalsintheworldandarefacingextinction.Todrawattentiontothesescaly(有鳞片的),anteater-likeanimals,anewwildlifedocumentary,EyeofthePangolin,isattemptingauniquewaytoinspireactionandconservation.Partneringwiththenon-profitorganizationPangolin.Africa,thedocumentarywasmadeavailableonYouTubeinMay2019.TheintentionistoreachcommunitieswherevertheInternetisavailable,especiallyAfricancommunities,wholiveneartheanimal’shabitats.
Overtwoyears,thedocumentarycrewtraveledtoSouthAfrica,Ghana,CentralAfricanRepublicandGaboninsearchofthefouruniquespeciesofpangolin,whichhasneverbeenachievedbefore.FilmmakersBruceYoungandJohanVermeulensaythattheywentintotheshootknowingrelativelylittleaboutpangolins,butgrewtorespectandappreciatetheanimals.Gettingclosetothecreaturesovertwoyearswasacrashcourseinthesesecretivecreatures.JohanVermeulensaid,"Onethinghoweverthatmightseemunimportantisthattheyareactuallyquitefussyeaters.Youwouldthinktheywouldeatanytypeofant,buttheyallpreferaspecifictypeant."
PangolinsarehuntedillegallyacrossAfricafortheirscales,whichareusedfortraditionalmedicine,andtheirmeat.InApril2019,Singaporeancustomsofficialsconductedtwoseparateseizuresof24tonsofpangolinscales,whichequalstothedeathof69,000pangolins.
Thoughthedocumentaryfocuseslessonthetraffickingofpangolins,andmoreontheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat,theaimofthedocumentaryistoinspireviewersaroundtheworldtocallforactiontoendtraffickingandprotectingtheseuniquecreatures.
FilmedonlocationinSouthAfrica,Ghana,CentralAfricanRepublic,andGabon,thispowerfuldocumentaryisthestoryoftwomenonamissiontogetallfourspeciesofAfricanpangolinoncamerafortheveryfirsttime.
9.Whatisthepurposeofthedocumentary?
A.Tostudythesituationofpangolins.
B.Tocollectfundtoprotectpangolins.
C.Toraiseawarenessofpangolinprotection.
D.Toproposesettinguppangolinreserves.
10.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“fussy”inparagraph2?
A.Picky.B.Messy.
C.Showy.D.Heavy.
11.What’sthedocumentarymainlyabout?
A.Theillegaltradeofpangolins.
B.T
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