gut microbiota Autism.docx
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gut microbiota Autism.docx
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gutmicrobiotaAutism
MicrobEcolHealthDis. 2015Jan28;26:
26309.doi:
10.3402/mehd.v26.26309.eCollection2015.
Thehuman gut microbiotawithreferenceto autism spectrum disorder:
consideringthewholeasmorethanasumofitsparts.
TohMC1, Allen-VercoeE2.
Authorinformation
Abstract
Thehuman gut microbiotaisacomplexmicrobialecosystemthatcontributesanimportantcomponenttowardsthehealthofitshost.Thishighlycomplexecosystemhasbeenunderestimatedinitsimportanceuntilrecently,whenarealizationoftheenormousscopeof gut microbiotafunctionhasbeen(andcontinuestobe)revealed.Oneofthemorestrikingofthesediscoveriesisthefindingthatthe gut microbiotaandthebrainareconnected,andthusthereispotentialforthemicrobiotainthe gut toinfluencebehaviorandmentalhealth.Inthisshortreview,weoutlinethelinkbetweenbrainand gut microbiotaandurgethereadertoconsiderthe gut microbiotaasanecosystem'organ'ratherthanjustasacollectionofmicrobesfillinganiche,usingthehypothesizedroleofthe gut microbiotain autism spectrum disorder toillustratetheconcept.
PhysiolBehav. 2015Jan;138:
179-87.doi:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.033.Epub2014Nov6.
Gastrointestinalmicrobiotainchildrenwith autism inSlovakia.
TomovaA1, HusarovaV2, LakatosovaS2, BakosJ2, VlkovaB3, BabinskaK2, OstatnikovaD2.
Authorinformation
Abstract
Developmentof Autism SpectrumDisorders(ASD),including autism,isbasedonacombinationofgeneticpredispositionandenvironmentalfactors.Recentdataproposetheetiopathogeneticroleofintestinalmicroflorain autism.Theaimofthisstudywastoelucidatechangesinfecalmicrobiotainchildrenwith autism anddetermineitsroleinthedevelopmentofoftenpresentgastrointestinal(GI)disordersandpossiblyothermanifestationsofautism inSlovakia.Thefecalmicrofloraof10childrenwith autism,9siblingsand10healthychildrenwasinvestigatedbyreal-timePCR.Thefecalmicrobiotaof autistic childrenshowedasignificantdecreaseoftheBacteroidetes/FirmicutesratioandelevationoftheamountofLactobacillusspp.OurresultsalsoshowedatrendintheincidenceofelevatedDesulfovibriospp.inchildrenwith autism reaffirmedbyaverystrongassociationoftheamountofDesulfovibriospp.withtheseverityof autism inthe Autism DiagnosticInterview(ADI)restricted/repetitivebehaviorsubscalescore.Theparticipantsinourstudydemonstratedstrongpositivecorrelationof autism severitywiththeseverityofGIdysfunction.ProbioticdietsupplementationnormalizedtheBacteroidetes/Firmicutesratio,Desulfovibriospp.andtheamountofBifidobacteriumspp.infecesof autistic children.Wedidnotfindanycorrelationbetweenplasmalevelsofoxytocin,testosterone,DHEA-Sandfecalmicrobiota,whichwouldsuggesttheircombinedinfluenceonautism development.Thispilotstudysuggeststheroleof gut microbiotain autism asapartofthe"gut-brain"axisanditisabasisforfurtherinvestigationofthecombinedeffectofmicrobial,genetic,andhormonalchangesfordevelopmentandclinicalmanifestationof autism.
JNeurosci. 2014Nov12;34(46):
15490-6.doi:
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3299-14.2014.
Gut microbesandthebrain:
paradigmshiftinneuroscience.
MayerEA1, KnightR2, MazmanianSK3, CryanJF4, TillischK5.
Authorinformation
Abstract
Thediscoveryofthesizeandcomplexityofthehumanmicrobiomehasresultedinanongoingreevaluationofmanyconceptsofhealthanddisease,includingdiseasesaffectingtheCNS.Agrowingbodyofpreclinicalliteraturehasdemonstratedbidirectionalsignalingbetweenthebrainandthe gutmicrobiome,involvingmultipleneurocrineandendocrinesignalingmechanisms.Whilepsychologicalandphysicalstressorscanaffectthecompositionandmetabolicactivityofthe gut microbiota,experimentalchangestothe gut microbiomecanaffectemotionalbehaviorandrelatedbrainsystems.Thesefindingshaveresultedinspeculationthatalterationsinthe gut microbiomemayplayapathophysiologicalroleinhumanbraindiseases,including autism spectrum disorder,anxiety,depression,andchronicpain.Ongoinglarge-scalepopulation-basedstudiesofthe gutmicrobiomeandbrainimagingstudieslookingattheeffectof gut microbiomemodulationonbrainresponsestoemotion-relatedstimuliareseekingtovalidatethesespeculations.Thisarticleisasummaryofemergingtopicscoveredinasymposiumandisnotmeanttobeacomprehensivereviewofthesubject.
JNeurosci. 2014Nov12;34(46):
15490-6.doi:
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3299-14.2014.
Gut microbesandthebrain:
paradigmshiftinneuroscience.
MayerEA1, KnightR2, MazmanianSK3, CryanJF4, TillischK5.
Authorinformation
Abstract
Thediscoveryofthesizeandcomplexityofthehumanmicrobiomehasresultedinanongoingreevaluationofmanyconceptsofhealthanddisease,includingdiseas
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