Developing Communicative Competence in ELT.docx

Developing Communicative Competence in ELT.docx

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DevelopingCommunicativeCompetenceinELT

DevelopingStudents’CommunicativeCompetenceinELT

NingWang

Xi’anInternationalStudiesUniversity

DevelopingStudents’CommunicativeCompetence

Introduction

Theconceptofcommunicativecompetencehasagreatinterestineducationalpragmaticswhoseconcernsareprimarilyorientedtoconcreteactions（Băban,2001）.Fromthispointofviewisessentialtoknowhowtopurchasecapacityandabilitytocommunicateandoptimizeopportunitiesthrougheducation,oftheskills（psycho-socialperspective）（Mara,E.L.,&Mara,D.2011）.

Nowadays,withthespreadanddevelopmentofEnglisharoundtheworldanditsincreaseduseinChina,researchaboutimprovedmethodstodevelopcollegestudents’Englishlevelhasbecomeofgreatimportance.Thishaspromotedchangesinboththeteachingandlearningprocess（Fang,2010）.Thispaperismainlyanalyzesthewaysofdevelopingcollegestudent’scommunicativecompetenceinEnglishLanguageTeaching.Aquestionnaireisusedtodeterminestudents’understandingoftheimportanceofcommunicativecompetence,aswellastodiscovertheiropinionsaboutteachingandlearningwithintheframeworkoffosteringtheircommunicativeskills.Moreover,fromthispaperreadersalsocanlearnseveraleffectivewaystoobtaincommunicativecompetencewhichwillbenefitthemalotinlanguagelearning.

Literaturereview

Academics’perceptionaboutcommunicativecompetence

Thetermcommunicativecompetenceiscomprisedoftwowords,thecombinationofwhichmeanscompetencetocommunicatewiththecentralwordcompetence（Bagarić&Djigunović,2007）.Thecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence,whicharelinguistic,sociolinguistic,discourseandstrategiccompetence（Dai&Chen,2008;Hedge,2000）.Zhan（2010）observedthatchildrenacquiretheircommunicativecompetencethroughthreemainsourcesofinput:

nurseryschool,caretaker,familystructureandresidentialpattern.Moreover,Zhanconsideredthatsocialinteraction,aswellaslanguageandenculturationareallcontributetoacquiringcommunicativecompetence.Zhanconcludedthatthemostimportantthingforacquiringcommunicativecompetenceiscommunication（Zhan,2010）.Hereareothers’viewsaboutcommunicativecompetence.Communicativecompetenceistheabilitytosendmessageswhichpromoteattainmentofgoalswhilemaintainingsocialacceptability（Šafranj,2009）.Thecommunicativecompetenceofanindividualincludes,inadditiontospecificskillsandknowledge,thetemporalcharacteristicsofnonverbalinteractions（Bolotiva,2012）.Communicativecompetenceisanindividualcombinationofabilitiesandexperiencebasedonthesocialinteractionandcognitionthatprovidesconstructiveinteractionwithotherpeopleintheinterpersonalsystem（Zašcerinska,2009）.Besides,Zašcerinska（2010）alsoviewedcommunicativecompetenceastheabilitytoinnovateknowledge,thecreation,disseminationandapplicationofknowledgethatallowsusingtheterminnovationcompetence（Zašcerinska,2010）.Communicativecompetencehasseveralextensions.Forexample:

interculturalcommunicativecompetence.Interculturalcommutativecompetenceisanextensionofcommunicativecompetence（GómezR,2012）.

Theimportanceofcommunicativecompetenceisdiscernibleasitpermeatesvirtuallyinalltheinteractionalactivitiesofhumanbeings（Ayyanathan,Kannammal,&Bavani-Rekha,2012）.Whileinmodernsociety,forformationofprofessionalcommunicativecompetenceitisnecessarytotraininfreemasteringbygenreswhichareprofessionallydefiningforthisspecialty,tousetermsinabusinesscontext,topossessbasesofrhetoricalknowledgeandabilities,tounderstandanumberofextralinguisticfactors,andtoknowKnowledgeofstatusandrolecharacteristicsofthepartner（psychologicalcompetence）（Altynai,Bissenbayeva,Dana,Elmira,&Saltanat,2013）.

Academics’studiesondevelopingcommunicativecompetence

ClassroomcommunicationclimateisasignificantcorrelateoftheELTlearners

communicativelinguisticcompetence.（Glomo-Narzoles,2013）.WhileMolina（2011）perceivedtranslingualismasacommunicativecompetence.MolinaalsostatedthatLanguagecompetenceremainsanecessarybutnotsufficientconditionforsuccessinseveralsituations,andinordertounderstandthewaysinwhichstrategiesemergetobridgethegap,multilingualsettingsdeservefurtherattention（Molina,2011）.Communicativecompetencecanbedevelopedthroughvariousmeansofcooperativelearning（Cui,2007）.Besides,Cui（2007）putforwardIEDC（anacronymfrominteractionofEnglishdormitoryandclassteaching,student-centeredteachingapproach.）inordertopromotestudent’scommunicativecompetence.Throughapplyingthismethod,Cuifounditcanstimulatestudents’creativity,strengthenstudents’self-confidenceanddevelopstudents’awarenessofself-responsibilityandinterdependencewhichwouldcontributetostudent’scommunicativecompetence.Pragmaticisalsoausefulwaytodevelopstudents’communicativecompetence.Onlythroughlearningpragmaticsthatintroducesculturaldifferencescanwehelpourstudentscommunicatewithforeignersfromallovertheworldwithoutcommunicationbreakdowncausedbylimitedknowledgeofpragmatic（Lin,Su,H,MAGraduateStudents.&SunYat-senUniversity,2009）.Thedevelopmentofcommunicativecompetenceincludesnotonlysocialandpro-socialcompetences,butalsoskillsinusingelectronicsupporttoolsmoreandmoreefficiently,increasingcompetencesinapplyinginformationandcommunicationtechnologies（Semradova,&Hubackova,2013）.LanguagestrategiesandtechniquesimprovecommunicativecompetenceinEnglishandinmothertongue（Sierra,&Martin,2012）.Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,moreandmoremoderndevicesareusedinteaching.TheeffectiveuseofelectronicdiscussionboardstofacilitateandimproveK-12ESLstudent’swrittencommunicativecompetence（Zha,Kelly,Park,&GailFitzgeraldUniversityofMissouri-Columbia2006）.WhileUsó-JuanandMartínez-Flor（2008）provideavarietyofactivitiesinfourlanguageskillstoequiplearnerswithinterculturalcommunicativecompetencelikevideo-tapedculturaldialogues,audioorvideo-tapedinterculturalmisunderstandings,andrecordedinterviewswithnativespeakersforlistening.PolitenessPrincipleisessentialforlearnerstointerpretindirectutterancesinnaturalcommunicationanddramaticdialogue,aswell（Felemban,2012）.Conditionsfordevelopingcommunicativecompetencearebasedondiverseinteractions（Zašcerinska,2010）.Theimprovementofcommunicativecompetenceistheorganizationofsuchastudyprocessthatincludestheformsofinteractionsuchasinteractioninforeignandprofessionallanguageaswellasforeignlanguageforprofessionalpurposes（Zašcerinska,2010）.Meanwhile,teachersthinkcommunicativecompetenceimpliesacomplexprocessbecauseitinvolvesmanythingssuchasform,function,purposeanduse,forinstance（GonzálezPeláeź,2008）.

Researchmethodology

Thisstudyisbasedonquantitativedata.Theresearchercollectedthequantitativedatathroughaquestionnairegiveninappendixforassessingtheunderstandingofstudentsaboutcommunicativecompetence.Thequestionnairesincluded10items,andweredistributedonline.Afterinvestigation,theresearcheraimedtoresolvethefollowingquestions:

1）.Howmuchdidstudentsknowaboutcommunicativecompetence?

2）.Howstudentsvaluecommunicativecompetence?

3）.Whatmethodsareconducivetodevelopcommunicativecompetence?

4）.Whatmethodsdotheyprefertouseindevelopingtheircommunicativecompetence?

DataAnalysis

Theresearcherdistributed80questionnairesontheInternetattherandom.Among80respondents,47.5%ofthestudentsarenon-Englishmajors,and52.5%ofthemareEnglishmajors;over92%respondentsthinkcommunicativecompetenceisimportant,whileonlylessthan8%respondentsthinkitisuseless.WhenaskedwhethertheyuseEnglishmaterialsfrequently,theiranswersvaryalot;12.5%studentsoftendothiswhileabout70%occasionallyorseldomlearnEnglishafterclass.17.5%studentsreadEnglishmaterialsonlywhentheyareinneed.AbouthalfoftherespondentsdonothaveachancetocommunicatewithothersinEnglish.About82.5%studentsapprovethattheycanimprovetheiroralEnglishthroughcommunicatingwithothers,whileabout87.5%respondentsagreethattheycanenhancetheirlisteningabilitythroughwatchingTVseries,moviesandsoon.

Herearesomeresultsofkeyitemsinquestionnaire,andtheresearchermadeitintoseveraldiagrams.

Themostimportantaspectindevelopingcollegestudents’Englishcommunicativecompetenceisasfollow.

Asthediagramshows,mostoftherespondentsregardlisteningandspeakingarevitalindevelopingcommunicativecompetence.Therefore,whenimprovingcommunicativecompetence,listeningandspeakingareneededtopaymoreattention.

Themethodstheyprefertouseindevelopingtheircommunicativecompetence.

Itisclearthatmostofstudentsliketotalkwithothertodeveloptheircommunicativecompetence.Accordingly,whenteachingintheclass,teachershouldletstudentsfreetotalkinacertaintime.

WhetherEnglishcommunicativecompetencewillaffectstudents’futurejobhaunting?

About77.5%studentsholdtheviewthatEnglishcommunicativecompetencewillaffecttheirfuturejobhaunting.ItindicatesthattheyhavealreadyknowntheimportanceofEnglishcommunicativecompetenceinmodernsociety.Individualsneedcommunicativecompetenceforpersonalfulfillmentanddevelopment,activecitizenship,socialinclusionandemployment.（Zašcerinska,2010）

WhenaskedthedegreeofsatisfactionabouttheirspokenEnglish,theresultsareasfollows.

Mostst