考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx
- 文档编号:28463608
- 上传时间:2023-07-13
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:19
- 大小:544.20KB
考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx
《考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx(19页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研英语二真题及答案解析
2011年硕士研究生入学考试2011英语二真题及参考答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1。
(10points)
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech。
Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber—crimethathas1acrosstheWeb。
Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?
Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace—a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices。
Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems。
Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems。
TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense10bythegovernment.
GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on"systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices。
12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights"toestablishasenseofa13community.
Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem"inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns".
Still,theadministration’splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned。
Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“drive'slicense”mentality.
Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem"envisionedbyMr。
SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads。
1.
A.swept
B。
skipped
C。
walked
D。
ridden
2.
A。
for
B。
within
C。
while
D.though
3.
A.careless
B。
lawless
C。
pointless
D。
helpless
4.
A。
reason
B.reminder
C.compromise
D.proposal
5.
A。
information
B。
interference
C.entertainment
D.equivalent
6.
A。
by
B.into
C.from
D.over
7.
A。
linked
B.directed
C。
chained
D.compared
8.
A。
dismiss
B。
discover
C.create
D.improve
9.
A.recall
B.suggest
C。
select
D.realize
10.
A.relcased
B。
issued
C.distributed
D.delivered
11.
A。
carryon
B.lingeron
C。
setin
D.login
12.
A。
Invain
B。
Ineffect
C。
Inreturn
D。
Incontrast
13.
A。
trusted
B.modernized
c.thriving
D。
competing
14.
A。
caution
B。
delight
C.confidence
D。
patience
15.
A.on
B.after
C.beyond
D.across
16.
A。
divided
B。
disappointed
C.protected
D。
united
17.
A。
frequestly
B。
incidentally
C.occasionally
D。
eventually
18.
A。
skepticism
B.relerance
C。
indifference
D。
enthusiasm
19.
A.manageable
B.defendable
C。
vulnerable
D。
invisible
20.
A.invited
B。
appointed
C。
allowed
D.forced
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts。
AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD。
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1。
(40points)
Text1
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:
ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism。
Butbytheendof2009Ms。
SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman'scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?
ByFebruarythenextyearMs。
Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid。
Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm'sboard。
Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals。
Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.
TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext。
Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise"disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse。
Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms。
Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup。
”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.
Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives。
OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs。
Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus。
21。
AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms。
Simmonswascriticizedfor.
[A]gainingexcessiveprofits
[B]failingtofulfillherduty
[C]refusingtomakecompromises
[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes
22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe.
[A]generousinvestors
[B]unbiasedexecutives
[C]sharepriceforecasters
[D]independentadvisers
23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector'ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto.
[A]becomemorestable
[B]reportincreasedearnings
[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket
[D]performworseinlawsuits
24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.
[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm
[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm
[C]areaccustomedtostress—freeworkinthefirm
[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm
25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.
[A]permissive
[B]positive
[C]scornful
[D]critical
Text2
Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?
Ayearagotheendseemednear。
Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet。
NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom。
America’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?
Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?
Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon。
Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate。
Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis。
GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession。
EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.
Ithasnotbeenmuchfun。
Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard。
TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs。
Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.
Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads。
Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.
Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone。
Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.
26.Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(Lines3—4,Para。
1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.
[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis
[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies
[C]werenotcharitablecorporations
[D]wereinadesperatesituation
27。
Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause.
[A]readersthreatenedtopayless
[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts
[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareas
[D]subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts
28。
ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey。
[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue
[B]havemorebalancednewsrooms
[C]arelessdependentonadvertising
[D]arelessaffectedbyreadership
29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?
[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.
[B]Completenessi
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 英语 二真题 答案 解析