届上海市杨浦区高三下学期第二次模拟英语试题.docx

届上海市杨浦区高三下学期第二次模拟英语试题.docx

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届上海市杨浦区高三下学期第二次模拟英语试题

2020届上海市杨浦区高三下学期第二次模拟英语试题

一、句子翻译

1．弘扬中华民族的美德，并不意味着我们不需要与时俱进。

（mean）

2．出于安全考虑，任何账户的密码都应该包括字母、数字和符号。

（concern）

3．尽管最后期限延长了一个月，研究团队仍需调整策略，以便如期完成项目。

（sothat）

4．很多医生表情严肃说着难懂的术语，但张医生是个例外，他做事脚踏实地，话语浅显幽默，赢得了公众的认可。

（whose）

二、完形填空

Developmentsinartificialintelligence,roboticsandsensors（传感器）aremakinghousesandapartmentssmarterthanever.

IT’S6A．M.,andthealarmclockisringingearlierthanusual.It’snotamalfunction:

thesmartclockscannedyourscheduleand6．_____becauseyou’vegotthatbigpresentationfirstthinginthemorning.Yourshowerautomaticallyturnsonandwarmstoyourpreferredtemperature.Theelectriccaris7．_____togo,chargedbythesolarpanels.Whenyougethomelater,there’sa（n）8．_____packagewaiting,deliveredbydrone.Youopenittofindcoldmedicine.Itturnsoutthathealthsensorsinyourbathroomdetected9．_____ofanapproachingillnessandplacedanorderautomatically.

Thatatleastistheidealversionofthesmarthomethatexists10yearsout.SwedishresearchfirmBergInsightsays63millionAmericanhomeswill10．_____as“smart”by2022,witheverythingfromInternet-connectedlightbulbstocamerasthatletusspyonourpetsfromtheoffice.Butadecadefromnow,expertssay,we’llmovefromturningthelightsonandoffwithourvoicestototalengagementintheInternetofThings（IoT）.11．_____advancementsinartificialintelligence,thesmartesthomeswillbeabletotrulylearnabouttheirowners,eventuallyforetellingtheir12．_____.Developmentsinroboticswillgiveusmachinesthatofferahelpinghandwithcleaning,cookingandmore.Newsensorswillbe13．_____watchingourwell-being.14．_____toallofthiswillbethedatathatsmarthomescollect,analyzeandactupon,helpingtoturnthehousesofthefuturefromamerecollectionofdevicesandaccessoriesintotruly“smart”homes.

Ofcourse,asourhomeslearnmoreaboutus,keepingthem15．_____willbecomeallthemoreimportant.Every16．_____that’sconnectedtotheInternetisapotentialtargetforhackers.Therefore,cybersecuritywillbecomeallthemorevital.

Arangeoftechnologicaldevelopmentswilldrivesmart-hometechnologywellbeyondwhat’savailableonstoreshelvestoday.Innovationsinartificialintelligence,17．_____,standtoreversealmosteverythinginourlives,includingourhomes.YoumightalreadybeusingsomekindofAl-poweredvoice-assistantdevicetogetthelatestnewsorweatherforecasteverymorning.Butinthesmarthomeofthefuture,thoseAIplatformscouldserveasthebrainforentirehomes,learningabout18．_____andorganizingandautomatingalloftheirvarioussmartdevices.ITcompanyCrestron,forexample,isworkingonsoftwarethat19．_____aperson’shabits,likewhichmusictheywanttohearinthemorningorwhichlightstheywanttobeonatacertaintimeoftheday.Then,onceitknowsauser’s20．_____automaticallyplaysjusttherightplaylistsordimsthelightsbeforebedtime.

6．A．attemptedB．adjustedC．approvedD．assisted

7．A．freeB．likelyC．readyD．eager

8．A．unexpectedB．disconnectedC．unsealedD．misplaced

9．A．symbolsB．signalsC．codesD．signs

10．A．serveB．qualifyC．behaveD．model

11．A．InspiteofB．InsteadofC．InadditiontoD．Thanksto

12．A．needsB．dangersC．instinctsD．responses

13．A．deeplyB．barelyC．closelyD．manually

14．A．AccessibleB．CentralC．RelativeD．Objective

15．A．personalB．specialC．specificD．secure

16．A．cameraB．bulbC．deviceD．model

17．A．bycontrastB．forexampleC．inturnD．atleast

18．A．residentsB．operatorsC．relativesD．consumers

19．A．transformsB．tracksC．treatsD．trains

20．A．conditionsB．featuresC．preferencesD．characters

三、阅读理解

Foralmost500years,peoplehavewonderedwhatdeadlydiseasewipedoutmostoftheAztecs（阿芝特克人）.Thelocalscalleditcocolizthi,andnowateamofscientiststhinktheyknowexactlywhatthatwas.Theoutbreakisconsideredtobeoneofthedeadliestepidemics（传染病）inhumanhistory.Forcenturies,itscausehasbeendebatedbyhistorians.NewevidencesuggeststhattheAztecsdiedfromatypeofbacteriacalledsalmonellaenterica.

Aninternationalteamofscientistscametothisconclusionafteranalysingtheskeletons（骨骼）of29AztecsburiedinacocoliztlicemeteryintheOaxacaregionofMexico.Thescientistsobtainedsamplesfromtheteethoftenoftheskeletons.Theycomparedthesewiththeirdatabaseofbacteriaandfoundtracesofsalmonellaenterica.

Salmonellaentericacancauseentericfever,ofwhichtyphoid（伤寒）isatype.Today,therearearound21millioncasesoftyphoidworldwideanditisconsideredaglobalthreat.

TheAztecswerefiercehunter-gathererswhosettledinwhatisnowMexicoatthebeginningofthe13thcentury.FromtheirincrediblecapitalcityTenochtitlan（nowMexicoCity）,theAztecsfoughtwarswithothertribesuntiltheyruledmuchoftheregion.

TheAztecsendedupcontrollinglargepartsofMesoamerica--nowmuchofMexicoandCentralAmerica--untilSpanishexplorersarrivedin1519andbroughtwiththemadvancedweaponsanddeadlydiseases.Theteambelievethatthedomesticatedanimals,suchasgoatsandhorses,whichtheexplorersbroughtwiththemcarriedthedeadlybacteria.

By1545,noteven30yearsaftertheSpanishhadarrived,Mexico'sAztecnationstartedcomingdownwithaterribleillness.Symptomsincludedhighfever,headachesandbleedingfromtheeyes,noseandmouth.Withinfiveyears,upto15millionpeople---morethan80%ofthepopulationatthetime--haddiedfromthemysteryillnesstheycalledcocoliztli.TheAztecpeoplehadnoimmunity（免疫）tofightthedisease.

“Wecannotsaywithcertaintythatsalmonellaentericawasthecauseofthecocoliztiepidemic,”saidKirstenBosfromtheMaxPlanckInstitutefortheScienceofHumanHistoryinGermany.”Wedobelievethatitshouldbeconsideredastrongcandidate."

21．Whichhelpedthescientistscometotheconclusion.

A．Certaintracesofdeadlydiseasescarriedbygoatsandhorses

B．ExtensivecomparisonofAztecsburiedinacocoliztlicemetery

C．Definitediscoveriesofinfectedtoothsamplesfromthedatabase

D．Smallamountsofcertainbacteriaintheteethoftheskeletons

22．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheAztecs?

A．Theyhadapopulationofabout15millionaround1545.

B．Theirlivelihooddependedonraisingdomesticatedanimals.

C．Theirpopulationdroppedsharplyinthemiddle16thcentury.

D．TheywonthewarswiththeSpanishdespitebeingpoorlyequipped.

23．Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto_

A．cocoliztiepidemicB．salmonellaentericaC．thetyphoidD．theMaxPlanckInstitute

24．Thepassageismainlyabout

A．howtheAztecsgotinfectedwithsalmonellaenterica

B．whytheAztecshadnoimmunitytofighttyphoid

C．whichreasoncausedtheAztecstoabandontheirnativeland

D．whatledtothemilitaryandeconomicdeclineoftheAztecs

25．ByusingtheappreleasedbySOLEIF,peoplecan

A．watchavideoaboutthestatue'shistory

B．appreciatetheexhibitsinthemuseum

C．viewthestatuefromdifferentangles

D．seealife-sizemodelofthestatue

26．Wherecanwefindbothappsandpopularvideos?

A．

B．

C．Apple'siPad

D．SOLELF

27．ThefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribetheXploroappEXCEPT

A．entertaining

B．interactive

C．informative

D．sensitive

AmericanwriterA．N.DEVERSwasatarare-bookfairinNewYorkCityin2015whenshenoticedaJoanDidiontitlesellingforjust$25.ThenshesawthepricetagofanovelbytheequallyfamousCormacMcCarthy:

about$600.“Irealizedwedon’tvaluewomen’sworkthesamewaywedomen’s,”Deverssays.“It’sdepressing.Butit’salsoexciting,becauseIcandosomethingaboutit.”

Threeyearslater,aftermovingtoLondonandjoiningtheU.K.’sboomingrare-booktrade,Deversopenedthereddoorsofhernewbookstore,theSecondShelf.LocatedinaquietcourtyardoffthebusystreetsofLondon’sSoho,thestorealmostexclusivelystocksrarebooksbywomen（alongsideahandfulofmale-authoredbooksaboutwomen）.Thefocusismodernfiction:

ElizabethBowennovels,romancesbyRosamundePilcher,poetrybyNtozakeShange.

Devers’skillforfindingoverlookedjewelswaspolishedduringachildhoodofVisitstoyardsalesintownsacrosstheU.S.,aresultofherfamily’sfollowingherfather’sAirForcejob.Someofhermostsought-afterrecentfindswereworksbyMiriamTlali,thefirstblackwomantopublishanovelinSouthAfrica.Devershitonher1975debutinacharitystoreandquicklysourcedandsold15moreTlalibooks.

Incollectingtheseworks,theSecondShelfiscorrectingahistoricalimbalancethathasallowedwomen’sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.Bookdealershavetendedtobemen;muchofthetrade’searlymaterialwascollectedby“countrygentlemenwhoranestatesandamassedlibrariesofbookstoshowtheirwealthandintelligence,”Deverssays.Shearguesthatthey’vebeenliketheirpeersinothermale-ledcreativeindustries—includingtelevision,filmandthenewsmedia—inthat“theyfocusonthemselves.”

Thatpastcontributestoaplainabsenceofwomen’sworkamongthebooksconsideredtobevaluableculturalobjects.InJanuary,theSecondShelfwentviral（走红）onTwitterafterDeverspointedoutthatonlyninebooksbywomenappearedinalist,producedbyatradewebsite,ofthe500biggestsalesatauctioninthebooks-and-paperfieldlastyear.Evenamongmorerecentlypublishedworks,a2018studyfound,titlesbywomenareonaveragepriced45%lowerthanbooksbymen.

Inrecentyears,callshavegoneouttoreadonlybooksbywomenforayearandforuniversitiestoexpandtheircurriculums.TheobservanceofWomen’sHistoryMonthintheU.S.hasalsomadeMarchatimeforpublisherstosuggestfittingreadinglists.