广东省中山市学年高二下学期期末统一考试英语试题含详细答案.docx
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广东省中山市学年高二下学期期末统一考试英语试题含详细答案.docx
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广东省中山市学年高二下学期期末统一考试英语试题含详细答案
广东省中山市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末统一考试英语试题
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D),选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
AlmostallAmericancitieshavenicknames.Theyhelpestablishacity’sidentity.Theycanalsospreadunityandprideamongitscitizens.
Twoeastcoastcities--PhiladelphiaandBoston--werebothimportantintheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStates.PhiladelphiaisbestknownasTheCityofBrotherlyLove.
In1681,KingCharlesIIofEnglandgaveWilliamPennalargeamountoflandtoestablishacolony.ThekingnamedthecolonyPennsylvaniainhonorofPenn’sfather.WilliamPennwasaQuaker.Hebroughthisbeliefsaboutequality,religiousfreedomandbrotherlylovetothisnewland.PennwasalsoanexpertinLatinandGreek.HeestablishedacityandnameditPhiladelphia,whichisGreekfor“brotherlylove”.AnancientcitycalledPhiladelphiawasalsonotedinChristianity’sholybook,theBible.
Philadelphiabecamethesocial,politicalandgeographicalcenteroftheAmericancolonies.Inthelate1700s,manyeventsthattookplaceinPhiladelphiagavebirthtotheAmericanRevolutionandindependence.Forexample,theDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionweresignedinthecity.Philadelphiawasthetemporarycapitalofthenewnationfrom1790to1800.
SomeofPhiladelphia’sothernicknamesareTheQuakerCity,TheCradleofLibertyandTheBirthplaceofAmerica.Philadelphiaisalongname,somanypeopleJustcallitPhilly.
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?
A.PhiladelphiaisoriginallyaLatinword.
B.PhiladelphiawasgivenitsnameinmemoryofPenn’sfather.
C.PhiladelphiausedtobethecapitalofAmericaforabout100years.
D.Penn’sbeliefsasaQuakeraffectedthenamingofPhiladelphia
2.WhatistheProbablereasonwhyPhiladelphiawasnicknamedasTheCradleofLiberty?
A.ItwasoncetheCapitalofAmerica.
B.ItspeopleenjoyedgreaterlibertythananyothercitiesinAmerica.
C.ManysignificanteventshappeningtherecontributedtotheindependenceofAmerica.
D.Itwassocially,politicallyaswellasgeographicallysignificantintheAmericancolonies.
3.Whatismostlikelytobeintroducedinthenextpartofthetext?
A.ThedevelopmentofPhiladelphia
B.ThenicknamesofBoston
C.ThereasonswhyPhiladelphiagotitsnicknames.
D.TherelationshipbetweenPhiladelphiaandBoston
B
Five-year-oldAlbertEinsteinstaredatacompassinhishandasifitheldmagic.Hisfatherexplaineditwasmagnetismthatmadethecompassneedlealwayspointnorth.Tomanychildrenthecompasswouldhavebeenjustanothertoy.ToAlbertthecompasswasamiraclehewouldneverforget.
ButthenAlberthadalwaysbeendifferentfromotherchildren.BornonMarch14,1879,inGermany,Alberthadn’tbeenlookedlikeotherbabies.Hismother,Paulinethoughtthebackofhisheadlookedstrange.Otherbabiesdidn’thavesuchlarge,pointedskulls.WassomethingwrongwithAlbert?
FinallythedoctortoldPaulineeverythingwasfine.
WhenAlbertwasone,hisfamilymovedtoMunich,wherehissister,Maja,wasbornayearlater.Lookingdownatthetinysleepingbundle,Albertwaspuzzled.Wherewerethebaby’swheels?
Thedisappointedtwoyearoldwantedtoknow.Alberthadexpectedababysistertobesomethinglikeatoy,andmostofhistoyshadwheels.
Albert’sparentswereamusedbyhisconfusion.Butanyresponseatallwouldhavedelightedthem.Atanagewhenmanychildrenhavelotstosay,Albertseemedstrangelybackward.HermannandPaulinewonderedwhyhewassolateintalking.Wastheirsondevelopingnormally?
AsAlbertgrewolder,hecontinuedtohavetroubleputtinghisthoughtsintowords.Evenwhenhewasnineyearsold,hespokeslowly,ifhedecidedtosayanythingatall.PaulineandHermanndidn’tknowwhattothink.
ButAlbertwasagoodlistenerandagoodthinkerSometimeswhenhewenthikingwithhisparentsandMaja,hethoughtabouthisfather’scompassandwhatithadrevealedtohim.Theclear,openmeadowswerefilledwithmorethanthewindorthescentofflowers.Theywerealsofilledwithmagnetism.TheverythoughtofitquickenedAlbert’spulse.
4.WhydidAlbertthinkthecompasswasamiracle?
A.Becausethecompasswasanothertoyforhim.
B.Becausethecompasswasanothertoolforhim.
C.Becausethecompassalwaysmoved.
D.Becausethecompassalwayspointedtothenorth.
5.HowoldwasAlbertwhenhissisterwasborn?
A.OneyearoldB.Twoyearsold
C.FouryearsoldD.Fiveyearsold
6.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?
A.Hefeltverypuzzledbecausehisbabysisterhadnowheels.
B.Hefeltveryconfusedbecausehisbabysisterdidn’ttalktohim.
C.Hefeltverypleasedbecausehisbabysisterlookedlikehistoy.
D.Hefeltverysatisfiedbecausehisbabysisterlikedhim.
7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.AMiracleforYoungAlbertB.Einstein’sChildhoodStories
C.WhatMakesEinsteinDifferentD.EinsteinandHisFamily
C
TheYearof1510
Art
In1510,artdevelopedandthefirstwidelydistributedprintedbook,Gutenberg’sBible,hadappearedinthe1450s.ExplorerswereexpandingknowledgeoftheplanetastheycrossedtheAtlantic,orpushedsouthalongtheAfricanandSouthAmericacontinents.
ArthistoriansnameonlyMichaelangeloandRaphaelastalentedenoughtorankwiththeirpeer,LeonardodaVinci,mostknownforhispaintingsofthe“MonaLisa”and“TheLastSupper”.Centurieslater,noonecannameamanasintellectuallydiverseasdaVinci,whoseinterestincludedbiology,botany,engineering,physics,astronomy,medicineandotherfieldsamanequallyathomeintheartsandthescientists,knownforhisinventionsandhisartistictalent.
Thereis,however,aGermanpainter,printmakerandtheoristfromNurembergwhosewatercolorsandwoodcutsrevealremarkabletalent.HeisAlbrechtDurer(1471-1528),whoseworkshavestoodthetestoftime,makinghimaniconoftheNorthernRenaissance,asareelderandyoungerHansHolbeins.
Population
Theworldpopulationintheyear1510isbelievedtohavebeenjustover450million.Itisnowabout7billionandexpectedtoreachabout9.5billionin2050.RegionswiththelargestpopulationstillwereinSouthernandEasternAsia.Morethanhalfoftheworldspopulationlivedthere.
Cities
Thetopcitiesin1510beginwiththelargest,BeijinginChina(672,000),andfourofthetop10areinChina,whereasonlyone,Paris(185,000)ineighthplace,isinEurope.Cairo,Egypt,isinthirdplace,andTabriz,Iran,isinfifthplace.
8.WhatcanwenotleanaboutAlbrechtDurerfromthepassage?
A.Hisnationality.B.Hisachievement.
C.Hisoccupation.D.Hiseducation.
9.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.ArthistoriansthinkhighlyofLeonardodaVinci
B.In1510,regionswiththelargestpopulationwereinEurope.
C.LeonardodaVinciisknownforhisinventionsandtalentinart.
D.ExplorerscrossedtheAtlantic,AfricanandSouthAmericacontinents.
10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?
A.Tocomparelifein1510withthatoftoday.
B.Toshowrespecttogreatpeopleinthehistory.
C.Toprovideussomeinformationabouttheyearof1510.
D.Tointroducethedevelopmentofart,populationandcities.
11.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Bibleappearedinthemiddleofthe15thcentury.
B.Fourofthetop10citiesin1510arcinEurope.
C.CairoisafterTabrizasoneofthetop10citiesin1510.
D.Theworldpopulationin1510isalittlesmallerthanthatoftoday.
D
Asanimalsgrow,thesoundstheymakechange.Butsomesoundscontinuetochange,evenafterananimalmatures.That’strueforhumans,andnowitturnsouttobetrueforNorthAtlanticrightwhales,too.
SyracuseUniversitybiologistHollyRoot-Gutteridgeanalyzedrecordingsofwhalecallstoseeifresearcherscouldusethosesoundstoidentifyindividualwhales.tnanaudioprogramonacomputerscreen,acallhasaparticularshape.“Staringatthesecallsallday,Istartedtonoticetheywerechangingfrombeingalittletinybabytobeingafairsizedadult,butthattheykeptchangingovertime.”
Root-Gutteridgeandhercolleaguesgatherednearlyathousandcallsfrom49individualwhalesbetweentheagesofonemonthand37years.
Likemanyotheranimals,thecallsoftheinfantswerebothshorterandlessstructuredthanthoseoftheadults.Maturewhalesproducedcallsthatwereclearer,longer,andmorestructurallycomplex.Buttheresearchersalsofoundthatthecallscontinuedtodeveloplongafterthewhalesreachedsexualandphysicalmaturity.
“Insteadofjustchangingfromtheageof0to15whenthey’reprettymuchfull-grown,theykeptchangingaftertheageof15andjustkeptgoingthroughouttheirwholelives.Comparedtosay,abird,whereusuallytheygettotheirfull-grownstateandthentheydon'tchangethesecalls.”
Inotherwords,understandingthecallsofNorthAtlanticrightwhalesmightshedsomelightonthemindsofNorthAtlanticrightwhales.Inthemeantime,scientistsannouncedrecentlythattheydidnotobserveanynewlybornNorthAtlanticrightwhalestheseyears.Withluck,theworkofbiologistslikeRoot-Gutteridgemightofferinsightsthathelpuswetrytohelpthemsurvive.
12.HowdidRoot-Gutteridgeknowwhalecallschangeovertime?
A.Bystaringatwhales.B.Bymakingacomparison.
C.Bygatheringinformation.D.Bystudyingtherecordingofwhalecalls.
13.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.Likemanyotheranimals,whalesbeganchangingcallsfrom15.
B.Thecallsofbabywhalesaremuchclearerthanthoseoftheadults.
C.Adultwhalesprod
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