主语从句详解.docx
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主语从句详解.docx
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主语从句详解
主语从句详解
、概述在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句.根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句.
二、主语从句主要有四类
(1)由连词that引导的主语从句:
引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省.例如:
Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.
Thatyouaresoindifferentbothersme.
Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.
(2)用连词whether引导的主语从句:
whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省.
注意:
引导主语从句,不能用if,只能用whether.
例如:
Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn'tmattertoomuch.
(3)用连接代词引导的主语从句
在由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的名词性从句中,
其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分.
例如:
Whatyouneedismorepractice.WhatIwanttoknowisthis.
Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.注:
whatever/whoever的功用
语、表语等.
(=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
)
Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.
(让步状语从句)
Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
主语从句)
(=Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.)
(4)用连接副词when,where,why,how引导名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语.)
例如:
Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.
Whentheywillcomehasn'tbeenmadepubic.
三、注意点:
it构成的主语从句
1)由连词that引导的主语从句,在多数情况下放到句子的后面,而用代词it作形式主
语.
例如:
Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.
=Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.
Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.
=Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff.
(但当what引导的主语从句表示“••的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语.)
错:
Itisabookwhathewants.
对:
Whathewantsisabook.
另外,需要注意的是,it作形式主语代替主语从句时,要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别
试比较:
ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.
(2)常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
A.Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat
…事实是……
Itisgoodnewsthat
疋好消息
Itisaquestionthat
………是个问题
Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识
类似的名词还有:
apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;surprise等.例如:
Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.
Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.
ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.
It'sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.
B.Itis+形容词+从句
Itisnecessarythat
…有必要……
Itisclearthat
…很清楚……
Itislikelythat
…很可能……
Itisimportantthat
…重要的是……
类似的形容词还有:
Strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;
unlikely;quite;
unusual;certain;
evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.
例如:
Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.
Itwasreallyastonishingthatherefusedtotalktoyou.
Itisessentialthatheshouldbeherebytheweekend.
Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.
Itisnecessarythatyou(should)masterthecomputer.
ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.
Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.
需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为“(should)+动词原形”,即要用虚拟语气.
C.Itis+过去分词+从句
Itissaidthat…据说
Itisreportedthat
…据报道……
Ithasbeenprovedthat
…已证明……
Itmustbeprovedthat
…必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有:
known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;
discussed;required;
decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout,etc.
例如:
Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.
Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.
Itisusedtobethoughtthatanewstarmustbeduetoacollisionbetweentwostars.
Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.
Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.
D.Itseems(happened/appears/doesn'tmatter/makesnodifference/occurred…)
that…
Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.
Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.
ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain.
IthappenedthatIsawhimyesterday.
主从练习
1.asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused.
A.TheestimateB.Theestimated
C.Theyareestimated
D.Itisestimatedthat
2.
somemammalscametoliveintheseaisnotknown.
A.WhichB.Since
C.Although
D.How
3.
wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.
A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.HoweverD.That
4.
wealthydoesnotnecessarilymeanthatamanisgreedy.
A.ForthereasonthatheisB.Justbecauseheis
C.Thereasonofbeing
D.Thatheis
5.Although
happened
inthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikescience
fiction,
it
couldoccurelsewherein
theworld.
A.which
B.what
C.how
D.it
6.
shehadforgotten
totakehernotebook.
A.
Thatoccurredtoher
B.Sheoccurredthat
C.
Toherthatoccurred
D.Itoccurredtoherthat
7.I
amsurethat
shesaid
iswrong.
A.
which
B.all
C.this
D.what
8.Welost
ourwayinthe
forest,
and
mademattersworsewasthatit
wasgettingda
rk.
A.that
B.which
C.it
D.What
9.
ornotisstill
uncertain.
A.
He'scoming
B.Ifheiscoming
C.
Thatcoming
D.Whetherhe'scoming
10.
It's
he'll
beabletocome.
A.
doubtwhether
B.doubtful
C.doubtit
D.doubtfulwhether
11.
heisat
workintheheartofthebigcityorathomeinthequiet
subu
rb,
Dick'slifeistiedtomachines.
A.
Whether
B.Till
C.If
D.Unless
12.
hesawbothsurprised
andfrightenedhim.
A.
That
B.When
C.
What
D.Which
13.
iswarmsunshine.
A.
Whatdoweallneed.
B.Whatall
weneed
C.
Whatweneed
D.Whatweall
need
14.
isapitythat
heshouldfeel
soupset.
A.
What
B.That
C.He
D.It
15.
aspoonful
ofsoil
cantellussomuchaboutthestructureandearlyhistory
ofthemoon.
A.
Remarkable
B.
Quiteremarkably
C.
Itisremarkable
that
D.Itisremarkablefactthat
16.
younominatewill
beelected.
A.WhoB.WhomC.WhomeverD.That's
17.bookyouborrowmustbereturnedwithinaweek.
A.WhatB.WhichC.WhicheverD.That's
18.
A.WhoB.Which
C.WhicheverD.Anyone
ofusgetshomefirststartscooking.
1.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
2.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
3.Whenandwhyhecamehereyet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknown
C.hasnotknownD.havenotknown
4.isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.Becauseshewasafewminuteslate
B.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.Thefactthatshewasafewminuteslate
D.Beingafewminuteslate
5.Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
6.wegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
7.ItBobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
8.It'suncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
9.theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
10.wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
11.youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
12..we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
13.isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
14.we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
15.hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.
A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
16.thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
17.youcomeornotisuptoyou.
A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
18.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
19.teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
20.WhoisthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
21.Isthisfactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
22.leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
表语从句
1、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后.引导表语从句的词有从属连
词that、whether、asthough(if);关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等;关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等.可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等.That引导表语从句
时,在口语中,间或可以省略.
Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺.
ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这
就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因.
Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我
似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来.
Whatshecouldn'tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestin
herlessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever
等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略.
That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的.
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句
Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.
那就是他所担心的.
伞也没雨衣,这是我们淋湿的原因
5、由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句.
Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了.
That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事
Itseemsasifhedidn'tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案.
可以接表语从句的系动词有:
1:
be(being,been,am,is,are,was,were)
2:
feel,seem,look,appear,sound,
taste,smell
3:
stand,lie,remain,keep,stay
4:
become,get,grow,turn,go,come,run,
fall
5:
prove,turnout
系动词的固定搭配:
cometrue,fallasleep,fallill,gobad,comeright,runwild连接词:
that/whether/asif/as
though(if不引导表语从句)
连接代词:
who/whom/whose/which
/what
连接副词:
when/where/why/how/
because
注:
引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略.
Thetruthis(that)Ididn'tgothere.事实是我没去那儿.
[考题1]Thetraditionalviewiswesleepbecauseourbrainis
“programmed”tomakeusdoso.
A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that
[答案]D
如果看不出它是
应选择可引导名
[解析]下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句
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