大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点.docx
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大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点.docx
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大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点
Unit1GrowingUp
DetailedReading
I.DifficultSentences
1.UntilthenI’dbeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.(Para.1)
2.Whatcanweinferfromthissentence
3.(Uptothen,BakerhadhadnointerestinthingsrelatedtoEnglishcourses.)
4.Ihatedtheassignmentstoturnoutlong,lifelessparagraphsthatwereagonyforteacherstoreadandformetowrite.(Para.1)
5.Paraphrasethesentence.
6.(Ifounditpainfultowritelong,boringessaysasrequiredbyteachers;neitherdidteachersenjoywhatIwrote.)
7.anothercheerlessyearinthatmosttediousofsubjects(Para.2)
8.Whatcanwelearnfromthisphrase
9.(WecanknowfromthisphrasethatbeforeMr.FleaglebecameBaker’sEnglishteacher,allEnglishcoursesweredull.)
10.IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleagleandforalongtimewasnotdisappointed.(Para.3)
11.Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanwhenhesays“I...wasnotdisappointed”
12.(HemeansthathisexpectationwasrightthatMr.Fleagle’slessonsweredull.)
13.Itookthelisthomeanddidnothinguntilthenightbeforetheessaywasdue.Lyingonthesofa,Ifinallyfaceduptotheunwelcometask,tookthelistoutofmynotebook,andscannedit.(Para.3)
14.1)Whatcanweinferfromthesesentences
15.(Bakerwasunwillingtowritehisessay.)
16.2)Listphrasestosupportyourinference.
17.(didnothinguntil…theessaywasdue;faceduptotheunwelcometask.)
18.Thistitleproducedanextraordinarysequenceofmentalimages.(Para.4)
19.ParaphrasethesentenceandtranslateitintoChinese.
20.(AtthesightofthetitleIsawanunusualseriesofpicturesinmymind’seye.这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。
)
21.VividmemoriescamefloodingbackofanightinBellevillewhenallofuswereseatedaroundthesuppertable—UncleAllen,mymother,UncleCharlie,Doris,UncleHal—andAuntPatservedspaghettiforsupper.(Para.4)
22.Analyzethestructureofthesentence.
23.(在这个长句中,camefloodingback是谓语,其余的都是主语。
为了使句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,作者运用了割裂修饰法,把谓语前移,主语中心语的修饰成分后置,使谓语紧接主语。
例如:
24.-Alisthasbeendrawnupofwordswehavelearnedsofar.
25.-Allisnotgoldthatglitters.)
26.NeitherDorisnorIhadevereatenspaghetti,andnoneoftheadultshadenoughexperiencetobegoodatit.(Para.4)
27.WhatistherelationshipbetweenBakerandDorisWhy
28.(DoriswasBaker’ssisterorhisfemalecousin.Tworeasonsforthat:
29.-Dorisisafemalename;
30.-Theauthormentioned“noneoftheadults...”whichshowsthattheywerestillchildren,notadults.)
31.IwaspreparingmyselfforacommandtoreporttoMr.FleagleimmediatelyafterschoolfordisciplinewhenIsawhimliftmypaperfromhisdeskandknockfortheclass’sattention.(Para.6)
32.1)Paraphrasethispartofthesentence:
Iwasprepared…fordiscipline.
33.(IwasreadyforMr.Fleagle’sordertoseehimsoonafterschoolforthepurposeofpunishingme...)
34.2)WhydidBakerthinkhewouldbepunished
35.(Becausetohismind,thistimehehadviolatedtherulesofformalcomposition.)
36.3)What’sthefunctionoftheword“when”inthesentence
37.(Theword“when”heredoesn’tmean“atorduringthetimethat”(当…时).Instead,itmeans“andthen”(在那时).
38.Moreexamples:
39.-Hehadjustdriftedofftosleepwhenthebellrang.
40.-IwasabouttoaskafterhiswifewhenIsuddenlyrememberedthattheyweregettingadivorce.)
41.Intheeleventhgrade,attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.(Para.9)
42.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
43.(就在十一年级,可谓是最后的时刻,我找到了一件今生想做的事。
)
II.Words&Expressions
offandon(oronandoff):
fromtimetotime;nowandagain;irregularly
-Ithasbeenrainingonandoffforaweek.That’swhytheclothesfeeldamp.
-Asherpatientsleptsoundlyduringthenight,NurseBettywasabletodozeoffandoninabedsidechair.
takehold:
becomeestablished
-TheideaofonechildhastakenholdinmanyChinesefamilies.
-老习惯是很难摆脱的。
这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。
(Oldhabitsdiehard.That’swhyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.)
bore:
vt.make(sb.)feeltiredandloseinterest
-Thespeakerwentonandon,andtheaudiencegrewboredbyhisspeech.
-TomSawyergrewboredwithpaintingthegardenfence,sohethoughtofawaytomakeotherspaintforhim.
Collocation:
acrashingbore讨厌至极的人/事
afrightfulbore讨厌得要命的家伙
aninsufferablebore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人
anutterbore极惹人厌烦的事
associate:
vt.joinorconnecttogether;connectorbringinthemind
-我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。
(WeoftenassociateEgyptwithpyramids.)
-Ican’tassociatethisgentleyoungwomanwiththeradicalpoliticalessaysshehaswritten.
-Jimwishedtoforgeteverythingassociatedwithhisformerlife.
turnout:
1)comeoutorgatherasforameeting,publicevent,etc.
2)provetobe
3)shutoff
4)produce;make
Matchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.
-Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.
(1)
-Theschoolhasturnedoutsomegreatscholars.(4)
-Turnoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.(3)
-Theplanturnedoutafailure.
(2)
-Wearetoturnout100,000,586computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.(4)
-Theexperimentturnedouttobeasuccess.
(2)
-Crowdsturnedoutfortheprocession.
(1)
anticipate:
vt.expect(usu.followedbygerundorthat-clause)
-Thepolicehadanticipatedtroublefromthesoccerfansandwereatthegroundinlargenumbers.
-他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。
(TheyanticipatethatdeathsfromAIDSwillhavedoubledby2012.)
N.B.该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词,不可用不定式代替。
-Weanticipaterunningintoproblemsincarryingoutthemedicalwelfarereform.
-Weanticipatehearingfromyouagain.
tedious:
adj.boringandlastingforalongtime
-Themoviewassotediousthatmanyviewersleftbeforeitwasover.
-LaurafoundGeorgetobetediousanddecidednottoseehimanymore.
inspire:
vt.fill(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.
-MartinLutherKing,Jr.’sspeechesinspiredpeopletofightforequaltreatmentofAfricanAmericans.
-Thelastleafonthetreethatneverfelloffinspiredthedyingpatientwiththewilltoliveon.
Collocation:
inspiresth.insb.(=inspiresb.withsth.)使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情
rigid:
adj.(oftendisapproving)fixedinbehavior;basedoncorrectoracceptedrules
-如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话,他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。
(Ifhehadbeenalittlelessrigidaboutthings,hisdaughterwouldnothavelefthomeatsuchayoungage.)
-Therigidheadmasterwouldbuttonuphisclothesevenonthehottestdays.
severe:
adj.
1)completelyplain
-Thewidowworeasevereblackdresstoherhusband’sfuneral.
-海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。
(Hemingwayisknownforhisseverewritingstyle.)
2)stern;strict
-Onlythosewhohaveundergoneseveretrainingcanbeacceptedintotheairforce.
-FuLeiwassoseverewithhissonthatevenhiswifewouldcry.
3)causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.
-TheseverechestpainexperiencedbytheVice-Presidentprovedtobeaheartattack.
-工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品,才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。
(Afactorymustturnoutnewerandbetterproductstowinintheclimateofseverebusinesscompetition.)
CF:
severe,stern&strict
severe作“严厉”解时,可以用来形容人(severefather严厉的父亲),人的面貌(severelook严厉的神色),人的态度(Theteacherisseverewithhisstudents.教师对学生很严厉。
)。
stern与severe相近,但用途比较窄,一般用于人的容貌或态度。
例如:
asternfather和aseverefather都可以用,但含义稍有不同:
aseverefather指对于子女有严厉的要求,积极的意义较多;asternfather则指对子女不含温情,要他们服从,消极的意味较多。
strict相当于汉语的“严格的”,须先假定有一种客观的标准(如规章、纪律、定义、真理等)。
例如:
-Theteacherisstrictwithhisstudents.
-Thereisastrictregulationagainstsmokingintheauditorium.
tackle:
vt.dealwith
-Toshiba(东芝)recentlydesignedarobotthatcantacklealmostanykindsofhousework.
-Thequestionsetbytheteacherwassodifficultthatthepupilsdidnotknowhowtotackleit.
faceupto:
bebraveenoughtoacceptordealwith(aproblemordifficulty)
-YeltsinfaceduptothefactthathewasnolongerfitfortheRussianpresidencyandresignedonNewYear’sEve.
-既然你女儿已经诞生了,你就要承担起做父亲的责任。
(Nowthatyourdaughterwasborn,you’llhavetofaceuptotheresponsibilitiesofbeingafather.)
sequence:
n.connectedlineofevents,ideas,etc.
-连续的歉收(badharvest)迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助(foreignaid)。
(AsequenceofbadharvestsforcedsomeAfricancountriestoaskforforeignaid.)
-TheFalloftheRomanEmpirewaswritteninhistoricalsequence.
CF:
sequence&series
sequence是指“先后衔接的次序”。
这种次序可以是历史性的,即事态发生时的先后次序;也可以是逻辑性的,即论点先后的衔接,相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。
例如:
-Ihaveapoormemoryfordatesandoftenmixupthesequenceofevents.(我记日期的能力很差,常把事情的先后次序弄混。
)
-Yourargumentlackslogicalsequence,foryoursecondpointdoesnotfollowthefirst.(你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序,因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。
)
series是指“系列”、“组”,可以有先后衔接的次序,也可以没有,但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。
例如:
-ProfessorLiwillgiveaseriesoflecturesontheMiddleEastissue.(李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。
)
-ThepostofficehasissuedaseriesofstampscommemoratingtheOlympicGames.(邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。
)
Collocation:
insequence顺次,挨次
inrapidsequence紧接着,一个接着一个
inregularsequence按次序,有条不紊
thesequenceofevents事情的先后顺序
recall:
vt.bringbacktothemind;remember(usu.followedbynoun/gerund,orthat-clause)
-Irecognizethefacebutcan’trecallhername.
-Idon’trecallevermeetingher.
-Sherecalledthatshehadtoseethedoctoragainthatafternoon.
CF:
recall,remember&remind
这三个词都与“记忆”有关,前两个词有时可通用。
recall“想起”,把忘记的东西又想起来了,其动作包含有意识的努力,因此常与can,could等词连用,强调一次的回忆。
例如:
-TryasImight,IcouldnotrecallwhereIhadleftthebook.(我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。
)
-IrememberherfacebutIcannotrecallwhereImether.(我记得她的脸,但是想不起在什么地方见过她。
)
remember“想起”,用处比较广泛,指事物自然在记忆中出现,不包含努力或意志。
例如:
-IsuddenlyrememberedIhadleftthebookinthelibrary.(我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。
)
如果remember表示有意识的行动,常指“记住”。
例如:
-Youm
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