Melancholy Colour in Robert Frosts PoetryTake Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.docx
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Melancholy Colour in Robert Frosts PoetryTake Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.docx
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MelancholyColourinRobertFrostsPoetryTakeStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening
AnanalysisofMelancholyColourinRobertFrost’sPoetry---TakeStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningasanExample
摘要
罗伯特·弗罗斯特是20世纪美国文学最著名的诗人之一,因其诗歌的普及度广与主题的深刻,他的诗歌获得美国文坛无数荣誉。
而诗歌享誉盛名的其中一个原因就在于其主题的通俗性,像死亡与生活,战争与和平,异化与孤独,纯真与邪恶等。
然而,另一个魅力在于植根于这些简单具体主题背后的忧郁色彩。
弗罗斯特在无形之中将这些浓郁的忧郁色彩植根于读者的脑中。
文章通过对《雪夜林边小驻》的具体特点的剖析来发掘忧郁色彩在弗罗斯特诗歌中的表现形式。
关键词:
忧郁色彩;罗伯特﹒弗罗斯特;诗歌
Abstract
RobertFrostisoneofthefamouspoetsofthe20thcenturyAmericanliteraturewhowonmanyprizesforhispopularityandrespectonpoetry.Thereasonforthereputationofhispoemsliesinthethematicconcernofsomethinguniversal,suchasdeathandlife,warandpeace,alienationandloneliness,thegoodandtheevil,however,aparticularattractivecharacteristhemelancholycolourembeddedthroughtheseconcreteelementsinhispoetry.Frostinfluencedhisreaderbyinputtingtheelementsofmelancholyintotheirmindsinvisibly.AbriefintroductionwillbegiveninthispaperandtakeStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningasanexampletoanalyzethedetailsofthischaracter.
Keywords:
melancholy;RobertFrost;poetry
1.Introduction;
RobertFrost,oneofthemostfamouspoetsin20thcentury,hewonmanyprizesandmadehugecontributiontoAmericanliterature.MostofhispoemsareaboutNewEnglandrurallife,theinharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature,betweenmanandsociety,hedidfollowedthetraditionofWordsworthandEmerson.Hehasbeenlinkedwiththetraditionofnaturepoetry,in“Mowing”thereisamomentaryawarenessofone’srelationshiptonature,anrevealofsomekind.In“Birches”thereisanimage,intheboyswinging,ofrelationshipwithnature,amomentoffullnessandharmonyandasenseoffulfillmentachievableonlyinthehealthyinfluenceofnature(常耀信197).Simplicityoflanguageisoneofthegreatfeaturesofhispoetry,hispoemswereverycarefullyconstructedyethemadethemseemeffortlessbyusingcolloquiallanguageandfamiliar,conversationalrhythms(Booz199).Heusedsymbolsformofeverydaycountrylifetoexpresshisdeepideasandmotifs,likethewallin“MendingWall”,theappletreein“AfterApple-Picking”,thewellin“Foronce,Then,Something”andtheisolatedwoodsin“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening.”Frost’spoetry,whileseemingtopossessaappealingsimplicityandclarity,alsoisobsessedwithunresolvedtensionandfrequentmelancholy.Justaswastestifiedbyhisownremarks:
“EversinceinfancyIhavehadthehabitofleavingmyblockscartschairsandsuchlikeordinarieswherepeoplewouldbeprettysuretofallforwardovertheminthedark.Forward,youunderstand,andinthedark”(Faggen103).Thusmelancholycolour,likeathread,pervadesFrost’spoetryandplaysitssignificantroleinenrichingthemeaningofhispoetryandrevealingthepoet’struephilosophyonmanandlife.
2.TheOriginsoftheMelancholyinFrost’sPoetry;
2.1LifeExperience;
Frost’scompositionofpoetrywascloselyrelatedtohislifeexperiencewhichwassufferedandrough,hesurvivedbutwithastronglysenseofmelancholy.Hewasonceontheedgeofbreakdownunderthepressureofdisease,tensionofmarriage,andthesuccessivedeathsofhischildren.However,livingunderthedespairseemstoenableapersontoregainstrength,andtobemoresensitivetotheoutsideinfluencesthananyone.In1885,hisfatherdiedofdisease,leavingthefamilylittlemoneyafterfuneral,hehadbeenateacherandthenanewspaperman.Atthesametime,hewasaharddrinker,agambler,andaharshdisciplinarian,whofoughttosucceedinpoliticstillhishealthdidnotallow.Thenthebeginningofthe20thcenturywasdifficultforthepoet,hewrotepoemsandatthesametimemanagedthefarm,inthefirsttwoyearshewasdeeplydepressed:
inNovember1900hismotherdied;inJuly1901,hisgrandfatherdied.By1906,thoughfairlywelloffcomparedtohisneighbors,yetwithfourchildrenunderseven,hewasextremelystressedbymoney.Therefore,inalifemorepainfulthanothers,Froststruggledwithhisinnerandouterdemons,andoutofthatstruggleheproducedpoemsthatmaybeconsideredthegreatestworksofthe20thcentury.SeldomhasoneexperiencedsomanyfrustrationsandmentallysuffersthanFrostdid.However,heneverallowedhisinnersorrowstopresentbeforehisreadersinordertomaintainhispublicimageasanoptimisticpoet,whichaccountsforthereasonwhyhispoemswereoftenmisunderstoodassimpleones,orevenworseshallow.Hemanagedtocooldownandredefinedhimself.Thus,theremightbesomeinconsistencybetweenhispersonalexperienceandso-calledoptimisticwriting,anditmightbetruethathewashidinghismelancholyfromthepublic.Buttracescanstillbediscoveredbyreviewinghiswritingandpoetry.
2.2DisappointmentoftheSociety;
Beingfacedwithamoreseverelivingandspiritualconditions,peopleknewthetruetasteofbitterness.Theybegantodiscardtheirownlifestyletocaterforanewoneundernewruleofthemachinetimeswhichwasnotinfavoroftheirownbenefits.Duringthattime,textilemillsprangupallover,andtheindustrializationbroughtwithitabrutalizationofhumanlife:
thelaborswerepackedtogetherinuglymilltowns,andevensmallchildrenwereputtohardlabor(Faggen151).Havingworkedinafactoryinthe1890s,Frostwroteanumberofpoemsabouthisbleakexperiences,includingseveralaboutthewoundsbroughtbymachinery.Frostwitnessedrurallifebeingindustrialized,whichcameintohismindsoquickandfrightening.Itwouldbehardforhimtoimaginewhatpeople’slifewouldbeafterwards,fortheboomofindustrycametogetherwithitsunnaturalthingsanditsdenizensseemedtobedrownedbythosethingswithuglyfaces.Poetsoftenfindtheirvoicesbylookingforthevoiceofnature,andthroughtheirsufferingstheyarereadytocompletetheawareness.Frost,whohadhisownopiniontotheindustrializationconsequences,surelyisnottobeconsideredasanupdatedLongfellow.Hehasbeenwritingoffarmers,fieldsandmountains,whichtakeonaclassicalbeautyinoldpoems.Thecalmnessofnatureisasharpcontrastwiththetoilandmessofthefactory.Pastoralalwaysremindsofapeacefulandbeautifullandscape,thesingingofshepherds,andthepraiseoffarmwork.Frostseemstobeoutofthetradition:
hislandscapesoftenpresentasbarrenanddesolation,hischaractersareoftendescribedastoughfarmers,andhiscontemplationonfarmworkingisalwayshauntedbyviolence.Hispoemsoftenpresenturbanity,buttheyoftenrevealthebrutalityandsinisterofcountryfolk.Andtheproblemisthatsuchsenseofdissatisfactionwithselfandsocietybecomestrongerandstrongerastheindustrializationgoesfurtheranddeeper.Frostnotonlyconcealedthemelancholyofpoetrybyturningitintocloseconcernaboutpeople’slifeundertherapiddevelopmentofindustrialism,butalsoachievedthatthroughspecialpoetictechniques.Itseemsthatreaderscanonlygainsuchgrievesbyappreciatinghispoemsagainandagain.
3.MelancholyColourPresentedinStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening;
3.1Melancholyofthesymbolsormetphors;
WhosewoodsthereareIthinkIknow.
Hishouseisinthevillagethough;
Hewillnotseemestoppinghere,
Towatchhiswoodsfiledupwithsnow.
Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer
Tostopwithoutafarmhouseear
Betweenthewoodsandthefrozenlake
Thedarkesteveningoftheyear.
Hegiveshisharnessbellsashake
Toaskifthereissomemistake.
Theonlyothersound’sthesweep
Oftheeasywindanddownyflake.
Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep,
ButIhavepromisedtokeep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.(程爱民94)
Inthefirststanza,thepoetleadsustoapieceofbeautifulwoodsfilledupwithsnow.Wecanguessthat,inthispoem,thepoetregardsthe“woods”astheeternallife,thebliss,thatistosaytheHeaven.Heisfedupwiththeroutineduties,andwantstohavearestforever.Thewoodshappentoprovidesuchanidealplace.Thesefourlinesseemtosuggestthatnooneishereexceptthespeaker,thisimageeasilygiveusafeelingofsolitaryandloneliness.Inthesecondstanza,thenitcomestothesnowyevening.“Itisthedarkesteveningoftheyear.”Thesnowiscoldandtheeveningdark,Frostwasanexpertusingtheseasonalimagestoexpressthemelancholytheme.Winteristhemostrepresentativeseasontochoose(罗良功162).Everythinglosesvigorandenergyandbecomesfallenandfrozeninthecoldwinter,allofwhichindicatethatthepoetisdepressedinside.Theword“darkest”enableustowonderifthespeakeralsoundersomekindofsufferings,itrevealsthedepressedemotionandhelplessfeelingofthespeaker.Hisheartwantshimtostop,buthis“littlehorse”withtheinspiringbells,whichisactuallyasymbolofvitalityortheduty,urgeshimtogo.Whereashislittlehorsethinksitqueertostopataplacewithoutevenafarmhouse.Thusthehorseshakeshisbellimpatiently,forheseesnogoodreasonstoppingthereand,asananimalofhabitbaringnoestheticperception,hemustgoonwiththejourney,buthismasterhasalreadythrewhimselfintothequietnight.Thespeaker’smeditationmayberevealshisdesiretohavehistombthereforitisobviousthisplacefavorshim.Meanwhileheceasestothinkofhisresponsibilityandthedutyofthelifeforquiteamoment,forhehasdesireforaspiritualrest.Thepoetuses“frozenlake”todenoterestorradicallyspeaking,thedeath.Andunderpressureorthoseduties,maybedeathistheonlywayoutofthisplight.
Inthethirdstanza,thelittlehorsewonderswhythepoetstopswh
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