四川成都七中万达学校高中英语阅读理解高考真题复习doc.docx
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四川成都七中万达学校高中英语阅读理解高考真题复习doc.docx
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四川成都七中万达学校高中英语阅读理解高考真题复习doc
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion(万亿)connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.
ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"A-B-B".Anotherorderwasmu-ba-ge.Thisisthepattern“A-B-C”.Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.Theyalsoweresensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.
Gervainisexcitedbythesefindingsbecausetheorderofsoundsisthebuildingblockofwordsandgrammar."Positioniskeytolanguage,"shesays."Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:
Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”
ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones-nomatterhoweducational-doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.Theycarriedoutastudyofnine-month-oldAmericanbabies.Theyexpectedthefirstgroupwho'dwatchedvideosinChinesetoshowthesamekindoflearningasthesecondgroupwhowerebroughtface-to-facewiththesamesounds.Insteadtheyfoundahugedifference.ThebabiesinthesecondgroupwereabletodistinguishbetweensimilarChinesesoundsaswellasnativelisteners.Buttheotherbabies-regardlessofwhethertheyhadwatchedthevideoorlistenedtotheaudio-learnednothing.
(1)Whatmakesconnectionsinababy'sbrain?
A. HavingahigherIQ.
B. Experiencingnewinformation.
C. Thebaby'earlyage.
D. Theconnectionwithotherbabies.
(2)WhatdidJuditGervainandherteamfindintheexperiment?
A. Babiesidentifydifferentsoundpatterns.
B. Wordorderisrelevanttomeaning.
C. Babiescanwellunderstanddifferentwords.
D. Acertainbrainregionprocesseslanguage.
(3)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?
A. Grammarisimportantinlearninglanguages.
B. Differentordershavedifferentmeanings.
C. Differentlanguageshavedifferentgrammar.
D. Wordshavedifferentsounds.
(4)WhatisthemainconclusionfromthestudyledbyPatriciaKuhl?
A. Babiesshouldn'twatchalotoftelevision.
B. Listeningtodifferentlanguagesdevelopsbabies'brain.
C. Foreignlanguageshelpbabies'braindevelop.
D. Socialcommunicationimprovesbabies'braindevelopment.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章,介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要,而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显,最有效的是面对面语言输入。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第一段Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.可知,婴儿接收到不同信息,可以让大脑不同部分形成连接,故选B。
(2)推理判断题。
根据第二段Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.可知,实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式,故选A。
(3)句意猜测题。
根据第三段"Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:
'Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”可知,有些东西放在句首和句尾,会有很大的不同,比如John抓住了熊,和熊抓住了John,意思是不一样的,可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的,顺序不同,意思不同,故选B。
(4)推理判断题。
根据最后一段ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones-nomatterhoweducational-doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.可知,通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学,对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的,并且后面的实验表明,面对面的语言输入才有效,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查,是一篇说明类阅读,要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的:
段落、语句,仔细品味,同时根据上下文进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Byanalyzingthefossilizedteethofsomeofourmostancientancestors,ateamofscientistsledbytheuniversitiesofBristol(UK)andLyon(France)havediscoveredthatthefirsthumanssignificantlybreastfedtheirinfants(婴儿)forlongerperiodsthantheircontemporaryrelatives.
Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning(断奶)thatremainotherwiseunseeninthefossilrecord.
Theteamsampledminuteamountsfromnearly40fossilizedteethofourSouthAfricanfossilrelatives,earlyHomo,ParanthropusrobustusandAustralopithecusafricanus.Theymeasuredtheproportionsoftheirstablecalciumisotopes(同位素)inthetoothenamel(牙釉质),whichareafunctionofthemothermilkintakebyinfants.TheyshowthatearlyHomooffspring(后代)wasbreastfedinsignificantproportionsuntiltheageofaroundthreetofouryears,whichlikelyplayedaroleintheapparitionoftraitsthatarespecifictohumanlineage(血统),suchasthebraindevelopment.
Incontrast,infantsofParanthropusrobustus,thatbecameextinctaroundonemillionyearsagoandwereamorerobustspeciesintermsofdentalanatomy,aswellasinfantsofAustralopithecusafricanus,stoppeddrinkingsizeableproportionsofmothermilkinthecourseofthefirstmonthsoflife.
Thesedifferencesinnursingbehaviorslikelycomewithmajorchangesinthesocialstructuresofgroupsaswellasthetimebetweenthebirthofonechildandthebirthofthenext.
Oneofthestudy'sleadauthors,DrTheoTacailsaid:
"Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:
orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.
Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferenceslikelyplayedmajorrolesintheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.
However,gettinginsightsintothesebehavioralchangesfromfossilsthataremillionsofyearsoldisachallengeand,sofar,littleevidenceallowdiscussingnursingpracticesinthesefossilspecies.
Thefindingsstresstheneedforfurtherexplorationofcalciumstablesisotopescompositionsinthefossilrecordinordertounderstandtheco-evolutionofweaningpracticeswithothertraitssuchasbrainsizeorsocialbehaviors."
(1)Whatdoweknowthefindingsoftheteam?
A. IttakestheleadinfocusingonPracticeweaning.
B. Ithasdisclosedthelinkbetweentheweaningpracticeandothertraits.
C. Itisevidentthatnursingpracticeisassociatedwithbehavioralchanges.
D. It'scontemporaryhumansthatspendmoretimebreastfeedingtheirinfants.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"suchbehavioraldifferences"inParagraph7mostprobablyreferto?
A. Differencesinthecalciumisotopeintheteeth.
B. Differencesinthesocialstructureofgroups.
C. Differencesinthepracticeofweaning.
D. Differencesinthechangeofbehaviors.
(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A. Theevolutionofhumanlineage.
B. Thepossibleinfluenceofnursingbehaviors.
C. Theexplorationofcompositionsinthefossil.
D. Thefunctionofmothermilkattheageofinfants.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过对祖先牙齿化石的研究,科学家们发现第一批用母乳喂养婴儿的人类比同时代的其他的近亲在时间上要长很多,而这种育幼差异可能在人类进化中扮演了重要角色,比如大脑发育和社会群体方面。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning”可知这项研究结果发表在《科学进展》杂志上,为断奶行为提供了第一手资料,而这在化石记录中是看不到的。
故选A。
(2)考查句义猜测。
根据第六段中的“Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:
orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.”可知现代人和古代人的断奶行为不同,而且人类和猩猩以及猿猴在断奶的时间上是不同的,即不同时代/不同物种的断奶行为是有差异的,而画线部分的such就是指上文提到的内容。
故选C。
(3)考查主旨大意。
根据第七段中的“Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferences…intheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.”可知,这种行为差异的发展可能在人类血统成员的进化中扮演了重要角色,例如与社会群体的大小和结构,大脑的发展有关。
所以短文主要是关于育幼行为可能带来的影响。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
YellowstoneNationalParkistheflagshipoftheNationalParkServiceandafavoritetomillionsofvisitorseachyear.Theparkisamajordestinationforallmembersofthefamily.Bydrivingthegrandlooproad,visitorscanviewtheparkfromthecomfortoftheirvehicleandalsotakearestatoneofthemanyroadsidepicnicareas.
Howmuchistheentrancefee?
$25-Private,noncommercialvehicle;
$20-Motorcycleorsnowmobile(winter);
$12-Visitors16andolderenteringbyfoot,bike,ski,etc.
Thisfeeprovidesthevisitorwitha7-dayentrancepermitforbothYellowstoneandGrandTetonNationalParks.
A$50parkannualpassprovidesentranceforasingleprivatenon-commercialvehicleatYellowstoneandGrandTetonNationalParks.The$10InteragencySeniorPass(62andolder)isalifetimepassavailabletoU.S.citizensorpermanentresidents.
Wherecanyoustay?
InsideYellowstone,youcanchoosetostayinmodernorhistorichotelsandcabinsinsidethepa
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