高考英语阅读基础篇.docx
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高考英语阅读基础篇.docx
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高考英语阅读基础篇
高一英语阅读80篇(71--80)
Passage(071)
Thetemperatureofthesunisover5000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore.Inthecoreofthesun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthat,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserved.
Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.Startingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneandfinallythecore.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun’satmosphere.Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins.
Thesun’soutermostlayerbeginsabout10000milesabovethevisible(可见的)surfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.Thisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbeseenduringaneclipse(食)suchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyothertime,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareofthesun’srays.
Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,aboutasbrightasthefullmoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.Thecorona’sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelike(一束束穗状)raysnearthesun’snorthandsouthpoles.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun’sequator.
Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplanets.Bythetimethesun’scoronaraysreachtheEarth,theyareweakandinvisible.
1.Matteronthesuncanexistonlyintheformofgasbecauseofthesun’s______.
A.sizeB.ageC.locationD.temperature
2.Withwhattopicisthesecondparagraphmainlyconcerned?
A.HowtheSunevolved.
B.ThestructureoftheSun.
C.WhyscientistsstudytheSun.
D.ThedistanceoftheSunfromtheplanets
3.Allofthefollowingarepartsofthesun’satmosphereEXCEPTthe______.
A.coronaB.chromosphereC.photosphereD.core
4.Accordingtothepassage,asthecoronaraysreachtheplanets,theybecome______.
A.hotterB.clearerC.thinnerD.stronger
5.Theparagraphsfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusswhichofthefollowing?
A.Theremaininglayersofthesun.
B.Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentform.
C.TheeclipseofFebruary1979.
Passage(072)
Havingnolanguage,infantscannotbetoldwhattheyneedtolearn.Yetbytheageofthreetheywillhavemasteredthebasicstructureoftheirnativelanguageandwillbewellontheirwaytocommunicativecompetence(能力).Acquiring(取得)theirlanguageisamostimpressiveintellectualfeat.Studentsofhowchildrenlearnlanguagegenerallyagreethatthemostremarkableaspect(方面)ofthisfeatistherapidacquisitionofgrammar.Nevertheless,theabilityofchildrentoconformtogrammaticalrulesisonlyslightlymorewonderfulthantheirabilitytolearnwords.IthasbeenreckonedthattheaveragehighschoolgraduateintheUnitedStateshasareadingvocabularyof80000words,whichincludesidiomaticexpressionsandpropernamesofpeopleandplaces.Thisvocabularymusthavebeenlearnedoveraperiodof16years.Fromthefigures,itcanbecalculatedthattheaveragechildlearnsatarateofabout13newwordsperday.Clearlyalearningprocessofgreatcomplexitygoesonatarapidrateinchildren.
1.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?
A.Languageacquisitioninchildren.
B.Teachinglanguagestochildren.
C.Howtomemorizewords.
D.Communicatingwithinfants.
2.Theunderlinedword“feat”isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?
A.experimentB.ideaC.activityD.accomplishment
3.Theunderlinedword“reckoned”isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?
A.suspectedB.estimatedC.provedD.said
4.Theunderlinedword“which”refersto______.
A.theirabilityB.readingvocabulary
C.idiomaticexpressionD.learningprocess
5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisimpressiveaboutthewaychildrenlearnvocabulary?
A.Theylearnwordsbeforetheylearngrammar.
B.Theylearnevenverylongwords.
C.Theylearnwordsveryquickly.
D.Theylearnthemostwordsinhighschool.
Passage(073)
TwoAmericanscientiststoldthepeopleinindustrialnationsthattheywouldbemuchhealthieriftheyatemoreofthesamekindoffoodseatenbyhumanslivingmorethan10,000yearsago.
Thescientistssaythatthehumanbodyhaschangedverylittlesincehumanfirstappearedonearth,butthewaywelivehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodyhasnotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishasledtonewkindsofsicknesses.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.Sotheyarecalled“diseasesofcivilization(文明)”.Manycancers(癌)anddiseasesofthebloodsystem,includingheartattacksandstrokes(中风)areexamplesofsuchdiseases.
Scientistsnotedthatearlystone-agepeopleusedverylittlealcohol(酒精)ortabacco,probablynone.Ancientpeoplealsogotagreatdealofphysicalexercise,butachangeinfoodisoneofthemaindifferencesbetweenlifeinancienttimesandlifetoday.
Stone-agepeoplehuntedwildanimalsfortheirmeat,whichhadmuchlessfatthanfarmanimals.Theyalsoatealotoffreshwildvegetables,andfruits.Theydidnotusemilkandotherdairyproducts(乳制品),andtheymadeverylittleuseofgrains.Buttoday,weeatalargeamountofdairyproductsandgrainfoods.Weeatsixtimesmoresaltthanstone-agepeople.Weeatmoresugar.Weeattwiceasmuchfatbutonlyonethirdasmuchprotein(蛋白质)andmuchlessvitamin(维生素)C.
Peopletodayprobablydonotwanttoliveaspeoplethousandsofyearsagodid,butscientistssaythatwewouldbemuchhealthierifweateasthoseancientpeopledid,cuttingtheamountoffatty,saltyandsweetfoods.
1.Thepeopleinindustrialnationswouldbemuchhealthieriftheyate______.
A.morefoodsashumansliving10,000yearsagodid
B.ashumansliving10,000yearsagoate
C.morekindsoffoodeatenbypeoplelivingover10,000yearsago
D.moreofthesamekindsoffoodseatenbypeopleover10,000yearsago
2.Newkindsofsicknesseshavebeenfoundbecause______
A.thehumanbodyhaschangedcomparedwithhumanfirstappearedonearth
B.thewaywelivehaschangedalittle
C.ourbodycan’tdealwiththechangesinlifestyle
D.thewaywelivetodayareproperforthehumanbody
3.Whatisthemaincausementionedinthearticlewhypeoplesufferfromalotofnewsicknesses?
A.Ancientpeopledidagreatdealofphysicalexercise.
B.Peopletodayhavealotofalcohol.
C.Peopletodayhavemoretobacco.
D.Foodisquitedifferentbetweenlifetodayandlifeinancienttimes.
4.Stone-agepeopleweremuchhealthierthanpeopletodaybecausetheyatealotof______.
A.milkandotherdairyproducts
B.grainfoodsandfarmanimals
C.saltandsugar
D.wildanimals,freshwildvegetablesandfruits
5.Fromthisarticle,weknowthat______arenotgoodtoourhealth.
A.proteinandvitaminC
B.milkandgrainfoods
C.wildanimals,vegetablesandfruits
D.ahugeamountoffatty,saltyandsweetfoods
Passage(074)
ShanghaiisthelargestcityinChina.AboutelevenmillionpeoplemaketheirhomesinShanghaianditssuburbs(郊区).Thisenormous(巨大的)cityspreadsoutalongthebanksoftheHuangPuRiver,whichflowsintothemouthoftheYangtzeRiveraboutfourteenmilesnorthofhere.LargeoceangoingshipstraveltoShanghaibywayoftheYanggzeandtheHuangPu.
Shanghaiwasasmall,unimportantcityuntil1842whenChinalostawarwithGreatBritain.TheBritishrealizedthatShanghaiwasinanexcellentlocation(位置)toserveasaseaportforthedensely(密集)populatedYangtzeRiverPlain.TheyforcedtheChinesetoallowEnglishtraderstosettleonthewastelandsoutsidethecitywalls.Later,French,American,andJapanesetradersalsocametoShanghai.TheforeignersbuiltwholenewsectionsofShanghai,includinghomes,stores,factories,andofficebuildings.ThousandsofChinesepouredintoShanghaiinsearchofjobs.Mostofthemsettledintheoldpartofthecity.Astimepassed,shanghaibecameoneofthebusiestseaportsintheworld.
1.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationinsidethecityofShanghaiis______
A.elevenmillionB.lessthanelevenmillion
C.morethanelevenmillionD.aboutelevenmillion
2.TheHuangPuRiverisconnectedwith______ataspotaboutfourteenmiles______ofthecity.
A.theYangtze……north
B.thecity…north
C.themouthofHuangPuRiver…north
D.YangtzeRiver…south
3.Before1842,theYangtzeRiverPlainwas______.
A.verydeveloped
B.denselypopulated
C.atawarwithGreatBritain
D.asmall,unimportantcity
4.TheBritishfirstsettledonthelandbecause______.
A.theywantedtobuildstoreshere
B.theythoughttheplacewasbeautiful
C.theyrealizedthatitwasaverygoodlocationforaseaport
D.theywantedtohaveawarhere
5.AlotofChinesecameintoShanghaito______.
A.visitthecity
B.tradewithforeigners
C.buildoneofthebusiestseaports
D.lookforjobs
Passage(075)
In1986,WillieMayswaspaid$125,000toplaybaseball,butthe$80,000ayearearnedbyBabeRuth,thehomerunkingoftheearly1930’s,wentagreatdealfarther.Thetwomenpaidgreatlydifferentamountsforfederaltaxesandconsumergoods.readwhatDrLawrenceRitterhadtosayonthismatter.DrRitterischairmanofthedepartmentoffinance(财政)atNewYorkUniversity’sgraduateschoolofbusiness.
“Onhis$80,000Ruthpaid$11,50
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