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英文翻译

西南交通大学

本科毕业设计（论文）

外文资料翻译

年级:

2012级

学号:

20124059

姓名:

夏云霞

专业:

电子商务

指导老师:

刘盾

2016年5月

LogisticsincommerceⅢ:

Aguidetoplanningthelogisticsprocess

1、Typesoflogisticsagents

Differenttypesoflogisticsagentsexistdependingonthecoverandnatureoftheservicestheyperform.AccordingtothedefinitiongivenbyAlbertoMaier,theinternationallogisticsexpert,thefirstlevelismadeupoftheso-called‘FirstPartyLogistics’or1PL,whichareresponsibleforaspecificactivitywithinthelogisticsprocess,andaresubcontractedbyamanagerwhichmaybethecompanyoranotherlogisticsagentwhichmanagesseveralprocesses.TogiveaPracticalexamplewhichiseasytounderstand,inthefieldofe-commerceitmightbealorrydriverwhoiscontractedbyalocal.supermarketwhichsellsonlinealloverthecitytodistributeitsproducts.

ThesecondlevelismadeupofSecondPartyLogisticsor2PL,companieswhichcoordinateseveral1PLservicestocovertransportandstorage,forexample.Forexample,atransportagencywhichmanagesdifferentroutes.So,ifthesupermarketwhichisourexampleabovesoldproductsalloverSpain,itmightcontractthistypeofservicetocoverthenationalterritory.

ThirdPartyLogisticsor3PLmanagethemainpartofthecompany'slogistics,theflowofgoodsbetweendifferentorganizations,fromtransportationuptopackagingorstorage,coordinatingseveral1PL,2PLorevenother3PL.Theyareintegratedserviceswhichaddedvalue-addedandaresometimesalsoresponsibleformanagingthecompany'ssupplychain.

Forexample,anonlinestorewhichcontractsoutthemanagementofitsordersandstoragetoanoperatorwhichisinchargeofpackagingthemwiththecompanylogoandsendingthemtotheendcustomer,thankstotheintegrationwiththecompany'sorder managementITsystem.

Lastly,FourthPartyLogisticsor4PLareinchargeoftheentiretyofthelogisticsprocess,includingthecompany,itsclientsanditssuppliers.Alsoknownasvirtualoperators,theymanageandcoordinateotherserviceoperators'knowledgeandresources.AnexamplewouldbeAmazon,whichtakesresponsibilityforpickingup,packagingandsendingordersmadebyonlinestoreswhicharewithinitsownelectronicmarket,alsosendingitbyitsownsuppliers.

Hence,thefirstthingistoseewhatkindofoperatoryouneed,andwhatoptionseachofthemprovidestoseeiftheyfitinwithyourneeds.YoucanenquiretoseewhatsuppliersareavailableonLogismarketorFIATA,andoncewehavethelistwehavetoanswerthequestionswhichfollowbelow.

2、Whattypesofproductscantheysend?

Usuallynoproblemsariseinfindingalogistics operatortosendsmalland/orlightproducts.Butnotallofthemhaveservicesforheavyloadsorlargevolumes,and,whatismore,itisthesefigureswhichdeterminetherangeofprices.hence,youshouldmakeanaverageestimateoftheweightandthemeasuresofthearticleswhichwillbetransportedtocalculatethedeliverycosts.

AspokespersonforUPS,whichisawareoftheserequirements,tellsusthatthecompanycreatedanewaircargoservicein2013calledUPSWorldwideExpressFreight,forheavyinternationalshipmentswhichareurgent,time-sensitiveandofgreatvalue.“WithThisservice,clientscantransportpalletsofover70kgaspackagesexclusivelythroughtheUPSglobalnetworkfrom37countriesoforigin-includingSpain-to41countriesanddestinationterritories”,UPSsays.Thisdefineddate,homedeliverywithamoneybackguaranteeincludesnext-dayworkabledaydeliveryfromEurope,thePacificAsiaregionorfromSouthAmericatotheUnitedStates.

DHLsaysthatbecauseoftheirlargenetworktheyareabletosendbothsmallandlargevolumes.“IntheExpressdivisionourdeliveriesarebyplane.WealsohavetheDHLGlobalForwardingdivisionwhichoffersseacargoservicestoanywhereallovertheworld”.TheyalsosaytheyhavecapacitytopickuptheproductatacertainwarehouseswithinSpainanddeliveritatseveralpointsinanothercountry,whichmaybedirectlytothehomeoftheendcustomer.“Thisservicehasreal-timemonitoringandacknowledgementofreceipt”saysNuno.

Butlogisticsoperatorsarenotchosenpurelybymeasurements.Certainproducts,suchasfoods,needtobspeciallyrefrigeratedinordertomaintainthecoldchain.

Integra2isalogisticsoperatorwhichoffersarefrigeratedhomedeliverye-commerceserviceforthegourmetfoodsector,andwhichguaranteesthatthecoldchainwillbemaintainedatbetween+2ºCand+8Cfromthetimethepackageispickedupuntildelivery.Wearetoldthattheirshipmentsystemguaranteesa100%moneybackguaranteeandanautomaticsendingofanSMSand/oremailwhentheshipmentisdocumented.ThesystemalsooffersaupcomingdeliverymessagesentbySMS.Forthetimebeing,homedeliveryisperformedinSpainandPortugal.

3、Dotheyprovidehomedelivery?

Homedeliveryiswhatiscalledthe‘lastmile’,whichisthesectionoftheshipmentfromthetimethepackagereachesthelogisticsoperator'sfacilitiesuptothespecificaddresswhichthecustomerhasindicatedasthedestination.Insomecases,aswesaidintheabovepointwithregardtoshipmentstoEuropebyIntegra2,thispartisnotincluded.Soifyouwishtoofferthecustomerthepossibilityofsendingittohishouseoroffice,youhavetocheckthattheyhavethisdeliveryatdestinationservice.

Aswesaidinthefirstarticleonplanning,wecanoptforthedeliverytoofficesorpointsagreedbyagentstopreventfaileddeliveriesduetotherecipientbeingabsent.

In2012,UPSacquiredKiala,acompanywhichoffersdeliverysolutionsforbusyconsumerstobuyInternetproductsthroughtheirconveniencestorenetwork.Theythuscreated“Click & Collect”serviceandUPSAccessPoint™,whichenablesretailerstoofferconvenientdeliveryandreturnoptionstotheircustomersacross12,000pick-uppointsalloverGermany,UnitedKingdom,France,Belgium,theNetherlands,LuxembourgandSpain.

DHLalsohasaservicecalledPackstation,whichofferssmallpackagepick-upbooths.“Therearecurrentlyover2,500inGermany,andthisisspreadingtootherEuropeancountries”,saysMartins.

However,everydaythatpassesnewalternativesarise.MetrodeMadridhassaidthatbootharegoingtobeinstalledsothatuserscanpickuptheironlinepurchases.Theserviceshouldbeupandrunningbytheendof2014orearly2015.BoothswillcomewithuserinstructionsandacustomerserviceduringMetroopeninghours,toansweranyquestionsorqueries,ortohandleclaims.

ThissystemhasalreadybeensuccessfullyrolledoutincitiessuchasLondon,andhasbecomejustanotherwayofensuringthedeliveryreachestheendconsumer.

4、Whatareyourdeliveryperiods?

Aswesaidinthearticleonplanning,intheworldofe-commerce,thelongerittakesbetweenthetimetheproductisboughtanditarrives,themorechancesthereareofthecustomerregrettingthepurchaseorfindingsomethingelsehemightlikebetter.The shorterthedeliverytimesare,however,thehigherthecosts.

AccordingtoDHL,“ourrecommendationisalwaystoofferseveraldifferenttransportoptionsintermsofdeliveriesandprices,andletthebuyerchoosethetransportaccordingtohisneeds”.Sobuyersthemselvesdecideiftheywanttopaymoretohavetheirproductarrivequicker,orpaylessandwaitalittlelonger.

DHLoffersurgentandhighlyurgentdeliveryservices,of24hoursforSpainandthemostimportantEuropeancapitalsandbusinesscentersandNewYork.Forfurtherawaydestinations,transittimesarewithin2-4days“Wehavelatepick-uptimes,andwithadvancewarning,wecanalsopickupoutsideworkinghours.Also,customersalwayshavethepossibilityofsendingtheshipmentfromourfacilitiestotakebetteradvantageofourshippingperiods”,saysNunoMartins.

“Youhearmoreandmoreaboutdeliveriesontheweekendandonthedayofthepurchase,but,naturally,theseserviceshaveahighercost,becauseinordertosatisfytheseperiods,wehavetomakeandextrainvestmentinournetworkandinnewsolutions”,saysDHL'sCommunicationandProductsDirector.Headds,however,thatthisisdefinitelyapossibilitytobeexplored,asitisinterestingformerchants,andtherewillalwaysbeconsumersreadytopayanadditionalcostinordertohaveaveryurgentdeliveryservice.Infact,theyalreadyofferasame-daydeliveryandpickupserviceforcriticalandurgentshipments（eitherscheduledorone-off）.

“Usually,ifdeliverytimeisurgentitmoreexpensive,butitneedn'taffectthesale-italldependsontheproductwesellandtheseller'sneed”,saystheUPSspokesperson.Theyofferdifferentdeliverytimessoastoadapttoeachcustomer'sneeds.InUPSExpress,thedeliveryisthefollowingdayacrossthewholeofEurope（before9.00a.m.,12.00a.m.Orduringtheday,dependingonthelevelofservicechosen）anddeliverywithadefineddateand/ortimeworldwide.WiththeUPSExpressplusservice,theypickupthepackageduringtheday（thelatesttimedependsoneachtown）anditisdeliveredbefore9a.m.AtmostbusinessaddressesinEurope,before8or9a.m.ThesecondworkabledayinmostUSAbusinessaddressesandinthemainbusinessareasinCanada,orbefore9a.m.thesecondworkabledayinmostbusinessareasinAsia.

5、Howarereturnsmanaged?

“Returnmanagementisaveryimportantquestiontobetakenintoaccount,especiallyinsectorssuchasfabricsandfootwear.Thisalsobecomesverycomplicatedwhendealingwithinternationaltraffic”,accordingtoUPS.Itisimportanttobearinmindthatthecustomermaynotbesatisfiedandmaywanttoreturntheproduct,sowehavetoknowhowthedifferentoperatorsdealwiththisprospect.

ForUPS,goodsshouldbeabletobereturnedaseasilyastheyaresent,whetherashipmentneedstobereturnedtoanearbycityinEuropeortosomewhereontheothersideoftheworld.TheyprovidewhatiscalledtheUPSReturnsservice,whichisavailableinover100countriesandterritories.Thisservicemakesitsimpletorespondtoanentireseriesofinverselogisticsneeds,albeitentailingasmalladditionalexpense.

“InDHL,wehaveseveralprocessesforhandlingreturnsofdomesticorinternationalorders,adaptedtothevolumeofreturnsandofeachonlinestore”,saysMartins.UPSsaysthatbecausetheyhavetheirownnetworkwithstaffforpicking-upandagreedpoints,theycaneasilyorganizereturnmanagement.

6、Newtrendsinlogisticstoday

Logistics,likeallsectors,isbusyimplementingmajorchangesandadaptingtotheboominInternetandnewtechnologies.“Theworldischangingveryquicklyandthevolumeofdeliveriesisgoingtoexperienceexponentialgrowth.Newsolutionshavetobefoundwhichareefficientfromthestandpointofecologyandcosts”,DHLsays.Hence,NunoMartinssays,thecompanyisconstantlyinnovating.“WehaveanInnovationCenterinBonnwhichcarriesouttheseR&Dtasksinordertolaunchinnovativesolutionsonthemarketforourcustomers,”hesays.

Butwhatarethemostimportanttrendsregardingthesechangesinthesector?

Lastyear,theDirectoroftheMITTransportandLogisticsResearchCenter,EdgarBlanco,madeaspeechinthePilotForuminwhichhesaidthateighttrendsaregoingtoshapelogisticsoverthenext30-50years:

cleantechnologies,smartphones,mega-cities,thecollaborativeeconomy,3Dprinters,omni-channelcommerce,radicaltransparencyandBigData.Andinfactmanyofthenew