经济学词典E.docx
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经济学词典E.docx
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经济学词典E
Economictermsandconcepts
|A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z
EntriesintheGLOSS*aramastartingwiththeletterE:
∙earningsreport
∙easymoney
∙economic
∙economicanalysis
∙EconomicandMonetaryUnion
∙economiccost
∙economicdevelopment
∙economicefficiency
∙economicgoal
∙economicgoals
∙economicgood
∙economicgrowth
∙economicgrowth,sources
∙economicindicators
∙economicpolicies
∙economicproduction
∙economicprofit
∙EconomicRecoveryTaxAct
∙economicrent
∙economicscience
∙economicsystem
∙economicthinking
∙economicunion
∙economics
∙economiesofscale
∙economist
∙economize
∙economy
∙ECU
∙education
∙effectivedemand
∙efficiency
∙efficient
∙efficientsearch
∙efficientsearch,determinants
∙eight-firmconcentrationratio
∙elastic
∙elasticdemand
∙elasticsupply
∙elasticity
∙elasticityalternatives
∙elasticityalternatives,demand
∙elasticityalternatives,supply
∙elasticityanddemandslope
∙elasticitydeterminants
∙embargo
∙emigration
∙empirical
∙employed
∙employedpersons
∙employment
∙employment-populationratio
∙employmentquota
∙employmentrate
∙endogenousvariable
∙endpointformula
∙entrepreneurship
∙entrybarrier
∙entrybarriers
∙environment
∙environmentalquality
∙equalitystandard
∙equationofexchange
∙equilibrium
∙equilibrium,aggregatemarket
∙equilibrium,long-runaggregatemarket
∙equilibriumprice
∙equilibriumquantity
∙equilibrium,short-runaggregatemarket
∙equipment
∙equity
∙equitymarket
∙estatetax
∙EU
∙euro
∙Eurozone
∙Eurodollars
∙EuropeanCentralBank
∙EuropeanCommission
∙EuropeanCurrencyUnit
∙EuropeanSystemofCentralBanks
∙EuropeanUnion
∙excesscapacity
∙excessdemand
∙excessreserves
∙excesssupply
∙exchange
∙exchangerate
∙exchangeratemechanism
∙excisetax
∙excludability
∙exclusiveagreement
∙exhaustibleresource
∙exogenousvariable
∙expansion
∙expansionaryfiscalpolicy
∙expansionarygap
∙expansionarymonetarypolicy
∙expansionarypolicy
∙expectations
∙expendituremultiplier
∙exploitation
∙explicitcollusion
∙explicitcost
∙explicitopportunitycost
∙exploration
∙export
∙exportpromotion
∙exports
∙externalbenefit
∙externalcost
∙externalities
∙externality
TheGLOSS*aramahas113entriesfortheletterE.
EARNINGSREPORT:
Astatementoftherevenues,expenditures,andprofitforabusiness,household,orgovernmententityoveragivenperiodoftime.Anincomestatementalsogoesbythenamesprofitandlossstatement,incomestatement,andoperatingstatement.Thisisoneoftwokeyfinancialstatementsforanentity.Theotherisabalancesheet,whichisastatementofassets,liabilities,andnetworthatagivenpointintime.
Seealso|cost|accountingcost|historicalcost|accountingprofit|balancesheet|firm|
EASYMONEY:
AtermusedwhentheFederalReserveSystempursuesexpansionarymonetarypolicy.Inotherwords,tostimulateoureconomyoutofrecession,theFedincreasestheamountofmoneyintheeconomyormakesit"easier"forpeopletogetmoney(usuallythroughbankloans).
Seealso|money|monetarypolicy|FederalReserveSystem|openmarketoperations|governmentsecurities|bank|bankreserves|discountrate|reserverequirements|tightmoney|contractionarymonetarypolicy|
ECONOMIC:
Relatingtoeconomicsorthestudyoftheeconomy.Thiswordiscommonlyaddedtoothertermstoemphasizeitsimportancetoeconomics.Afewexamplesareeconomiccost,economicprofit,economicgoal,economicpolicies,andeconomicthinking.
Seealso|economics|economy|economiccost|economicprofit|economicgoal|economicpolicies|economicthinking|economicrent|economicscience|economicproduction|economicgrowth|economicdevelopment|economicgood|economicanalysis|economize|
ECONOMICANALYSIS:
Theprocessofinvestigatingeconomicphenomenainasystematicmanner.Inonesense,thisistheheartandsouloftheeconomicdiscipline.Whileeconomistsspendanampletimeidentifyingeconomicconcepts,theendresultofthisdiscoveryprocessisusuallyaimedatcombiningtheseconceptsinsuchawayastoevaluateoranalyzealternativeconsequences.
Seealso|economics|phenomenon|economist|scientificmethod|comparativestatics|ceterisparibus|causeandeffect|determinants|demandshock|supplyshock|
ECONOMICANDMONETARYUNION:
AnaspectoftheEuropeanUniondesignedtointegrateeconomicandmonetarypoliciesandestablishasinglecurrency(theeuro).TheEconomicandMonetaryUnion,abbreviatedEMU,wascreatedbythe1992MaastrichtTreatyandofficiallycameintoexistencein1999.TheEuropeanCentralBankhascontrolovermonetarypolicyandthemoneysupplyfortheEconomicandMonetaryUnion.
Seealso|MaastrichtTreaty|EuropeanUnion|euro|EuropeanCurrencyUnit|monetarypolicy|EuropeanCentralBank|Eurozone|EuropeanSystemofCentralBanks|EuropeanCommission|
ECONOMICCOST:
Anothertermforopportunitycost(thehighestvaluedalternativeforegoneinthepursuitofanactivity)thatisusedinthestudyofeconomicstoindicatethefundamentalroleopportunitycostplaysineconomics.Thevalueexpressedintermsofsatisfactionoftheforegoneactivityisyouropportunitycost.Becausethereareusuallyseveralalternativesthataren'tpursued,opportunitycostisthehighest-valuedone.Anopportunitycostissometimescompensatedwithsomeformofpayment,likeawage.However,theexistenceofanopportunitycostisindependentofanyactualcashoutlay.
Seealso|cost|opportunitycost|economics|accountingcost|value|satisfaction|
ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT:
Theprocessofimprovingtheeconomy'sabilitytosatisfyconsumerswantsandneeds.Unlikeeconomicgrowth,whichisconcernedwithyeartoyearincreasesinproduction,economicdevelopmentdealsmorewiththebasicfabricofsociety,especiallytheinstitutionsthatgovernthewayoureconomyandsocietyfunctions.Assuch,alesserdevelopednationisnotonlylikelytohavealowlevelsofproductionandlimitedamountcapital,butalsoculturalbeliefsandgovernmentpracticesthatpreventmoreeffectiveuseofthecapital.
Seealso|economicgrowth|livingstandard|investment|capital|productionpossibilities|production|realgrossdomesticproduct|
ECONOMICEFFICIENCY:
Obtainingthemostconsumersatisfactionfromavailableresources.Thisiswhatmosteconomistsmeanwhenthetermefficiencyarises.Economicefficiencymeansoureconomyisdoingthebestjobpossibleofsatisfyingunlimitedwantsandneedswithlimitedresources--thatis,ofaddressingtheproblemofscarcity.
Seealso|efficiency|satisfaction|resources|allocativeefficiency|technicalefficiency|scarcity|productionpossibilities|economy|unlimitedwantsandneeds|limitedresources|value|
ECONOMICGOAL:
Oneoffivebasicconditionsofthemixedeconomythatisgenerallydesiredbysociety.Wetypicallydividethesefiveintomacrogoals(fullemployment,stabilityandeconomicgrowth)andmicrogoals(efficiencyandequity).
Seealso|mixedeconomy|macrogoals|fullemployment|stability|economicgrowth|microgoals|efficiency|equity|inflation|unemployment|incomedistribution|government|threequestionsofallocation|normativeeconomics|
ECONOMICGOALS:
Thefivebasicconditionsofthemixedeconomythataregenerallydesiredbysociety.Wetypicallydividethesefiveintomacrogoals(fullemployment,stabilityandeconomicgrowth)andmicrogoals(efficiencyandequity).
Seealso|mixedeconomy|macrogoals|fullemployment|stability|economicgrowth|microgoals|efficiency|equity|inflation|unemployment|incomedistribution|government|threequestionsofallocation|normativeeconomics|
ECONOMICGOOD:
Thetransformationoflimitedresourcesforthepurposeofsatisfyingunlimitedwantsandneeds.Youmightdetectasimilaritybetweenthetermeconomicgoodandthetermscarcity.Thereasonisthat"economicgood"isanothertermforscarcegood.Wecallascarcegoodaneconomicgoodbecauseascarcegoodisonethatcanbetradedthroughmarkets.
Seealso|economics|good|services|scarcity|scarce|limitedresources|unlimitedwantsandneeds|scarcegood|market|
ECONOMICGROWTH:
Thelong-runexpansionoftheeconomy'sabilitytoproduceoutput.Thisisoneoffiveeconomicgoals,specificallyoneofthethreemacrogoals(stabilityandfullemploymentaretheothertwo).Economicgrowthismadepossiblebyincreasingthequantityorqualityoftheeconomy'sresources(labor,capital,land,andentrepreneurship).
Seealso|macrogoals|stability|fullemployment|production|resources|labor|capital|land|entrepreneurship|investment|education|technology|realgrossdomesticproduct|productionpossibilities|aggregatemarket|longrun|economicdevelopment|
ECONOMICGROWTH,SOURCES:
Oureconomyachieveseconomicgrowthwithincreasesinthequantityorqualityofresources.Thequantitypartisrelativelysimple.Ifwegetmoreresources,thenwehavetheabilitytoproducemoreoutput.Wecanalsoimproveresourcequality,makingexistingresourcesmoreproductive,primarilythrougheducationandtechnology.
Seealso|economicgrowth|resources|grossdomesticproduct|education|technology|
ECONOMICINDICATORS:
Numerouseconomicsta
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