跨文化交际学知识点唐德根版.docx
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跨文化交际学知识点唐德根版.docx
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跨文化交际学知识点唐德根版
ChapterOneIntroductiontoInterculturalCommunication
Humanbeingdrawclosetooneanotherbytheircommonculture,buthabitsandcustomskeepthemapart.---ConfucianSaying
1.Definition:
InterculturalCommunicationiscommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.
2.Ashorthistoryofinterculturalcommunication
2.1TheBurgeoningPeriod
Theterm“Interculturalcommunication”itselfdidnotappearuntilHall’sThesilentlanguagewaspublishedin1959.
2.2From1960to1970
a.Twopreventativebooksreflectthecontinuouseffortsmadebyscholarsinthefieldinthe1960’s:
b.Olive’sCultureandCommunication(1962)andSmith’sCommunicationandCulture(1966)
c.Thefirstcollegeclassinthisfieldtaughtin1966attheUniversityofPittsburgh.
2.3From1971to1980
a.The1970switnessedrapiddevelopmentinthefieldofinterculturalcommunication.
b.In1973,SamovarandPorterpublishedInterculturalCommunication:
Areader
c.IndianaUniversityawardedthefirstdoctoraldegreeininterculturalcommunication.
d.CondonandYousef’sIntroductiontoInterculturalCommunication(1975)
2.4From1981tothePresentTime
a.CondonandYousef’sstressonculturalvalueorientationsandcommunicationbehaviorparallels
b.Hofstede’s(1984)laterworkonculturalvalues
c.Hall’swritingonhigh-contextandlow-contextculturesinBeyondCulture(1977).
d.Scholarsintheearly1970sbegantomaketheircontributionsinresearchandteachingbythe1980s.
3.ImportanceofInterculturalCommunication
Threedevelopments
3.1Thenewtechnology
3.2ThenewPopulation
3.3ThenewEconomicArena
4.StudyingInterculturalCommunication
Wehavemettheenemy,andheisus.---Pogo
Threemainobstacles:
First,Culturelacksadistinctcrystallinestructure;itisoftenriddledwithcontradictionsandparadoxes.
Second,Culturecannotbemanipulatedorheldincheck;therefore,itisdifficulttoconductcertainkindsofresearchonthistopic.
Third,westudyotherculturesfromtheperspectiveofourownculture,soourobservationsandourconclusionsaretaintedbyourorientation.
5.InterculturalCommunication
Themainconceptionsininterculturalcommunication:
Interculturalcommunication:
Face-to-facecommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferingculturalbackgrounds.Interculturalcommunicationisdefinedastheextenttowhichthereissharedinterpersonalcommunicationbetweenmembersofthesameculture.
5.1HostandMinorityCulture
Thehostcultureisthemainstreamcultureofanyoneparticularcountry.
Minoritycultures:
culturalgroupsthataresmallerinnumericaltermsinrelationtothehostculture.
5.2Subcultures(Co-cultures)
Subculture:
asmaller,possiblynonconformist,subgroupwithinthehostculture.
E.G.:
BlackAmerican;NativeAmerican;Hispanic-American,Chinese-American,etc.
5.3Multiculturalism
Multiculturalismistheofficialrecognitionofacountry’sculturalandethnicdiversity(Hollway,1992)
5.4Cross-culturalCommunication
1.Cross-culturalcommunicationisface-to-facecommunicationbetweenrepresentativesofbusiness,governmentandprofessionalgroupsfromdifferentcultures.
2.Diplomacyisoneoftheoldestformsofcross-culturalcommunication.Travelandtourismisasecondformofcross-culturalcommunication.
3.Athirdformofcross-culturalcommunicationuniquetothishasbeenthegrowthofthemassmedia.
Mostrecently,cross-culturalcommunicationhasbeenacceleratedbycross-borderinformationflowsbroughtaboutbycomputerization.
5.5PrinciplesofInterculturalCommunication
Condonhashighlightedthreeareasasmostproblematicininterculturalexchange:
1.Languagebarrier
2.Differentvalues
3.Differentpatternsofbehaviors.(Condon&Saito,1974)
5.6Rationale
Worldwideinterestininterculturalcommunicationgrowsoutoftwoassumptions:
First,changesintechnology,travel,economicandpoliticalsystems,immigrationpatterns,andpopulationdensityhavecreatedaworldinwhichweincreasinglyinteractwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.
Second,one’sculturalperceptionsandexperienceshelpdeterminehowonesendsandreceivesmessages.
5.7Approach
1.Fundamentaltoourapproachtointerculturalcommunicationisthebeliefthatallformsofhumancommunicationinvolveaction.
2.Thisbooktakesaviewofinterculturalcommunicationthatisbothpragmaticandphilosophical.
5.8Philosophy
First,itistotheadvantageofall5.5billionsofuswhosharetheplanettoimproveourinterpersonalandinterculturalcommunicationabilities.
Second,mostoftheobstaclestounderstandingcanbeovercomewithmotivation,knowledge,andappreciationofculturaldiversity.
Activities:
RightorWrong?
•Youneedtolearntoacceptandlikeothercultures.
•Youneedtorespect
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