纺织服装产业贸易自由化战略外文翻译文献.docx
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纺织服装产业贸易自由化战略外文翻译文献.docx
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纺织服装产业贸易自由化战略外文翻译文献
纺织服装产业贸易自由化战略外文翻译文献
(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)
Tradeliberalizationandpatternsofstrategic
adjustmentintheUStextilesandclothingindustry
BelaySeyoum
U.S.A.
TheoverallenvironmentfacingtheUSTCindustrywillbeoneofrapidlychangingmarketconditionsandtechnologicalinnovation.Withthephaseoutofquotasandgrowingnumberoftradeagreements,theUSTCindustryisbeingexposedtointensecompetitioninexportanddomesticmarkets.Thisislikelytoleaddomesticindustries/labortodemandinterventionbynationalgovernmentstomitigatetheadverseimpactoftradeliberalization.
Chineseleadershaveexpressedstrongoppositiontooutsidepressureontheircurrencypolicy,callingitaformofprotectionismandinterferenceinChina’sdomesticeconomicpolicy,andsomehaveevenquestionedwhetherthecurrencyisundervaluedatall.However,onJune19,2010,theChinesecentralbank,thePeople’sBankofChina(PBC)statedthat,basedoncurrenteconomicconditions,ithaddecidedto“proceedfurtherwithreformoftheRMBexchangerateregimeandtoenhancetheRMBexchangerateflexibility.”Itruledoutanylargeone-timerevaluations,stating“itisimportanttoavoidanysharpandmassivefluctuationsoftheRMBexchangerate,”inpartsothatChinesecorporationscouldmoreeasilyadjust(suchasthroughupgrading)toanappreciationofthecurrency.ManyobserverscontendthetimingoftheRMBannouncementwasintendedinparttopreventChina’scurrencypolicyfrombeingacentralfocusoftheG-20summitinTorontofromJune26-27,2010.
OnJune22,2010,theRMBappreciatedby0.43%againstthedollar(to6.80yuan)overthepreviousday,which,atthetime,wasthelargestdailyrisesincereformswereimplementedinJuly2005.However,onthefollowingday(June23)itdepreciatedto6.81yuan.AsindicatedinFigure3,theyuan’sexchangeratewiththedollarhasgoneupanddownoverthepastfewmonths,butoverall,ithasappreciatedby1.9%throughOctober1,2010,withmostofthatappreciationoccurringinSeptember.3SomeanalystscontendthattheappreciationofthecurrencyinSeptember2010hashadmoretodowithChineseconcernsoverpossiblecongressionalactiononthecurrencythaneconomicconsiderations.
Inspiteofthesubstantialjoblosses,theUSTCindustryremainstechnologicallyadvancedpartlyduetoincreasedproductivityresultingfromadvancesintechnologyanddesigncapabilities.Textileproductioniscapitalintensiveandmoderntechnologyisessentialtomeettheincreasingforhigh-qualityproducts.Overthelastfewyears,UStextilesandapparelfirmshavesubstantiallyincreasedtheirinvestmenttomaintainmodernmanufacturingfacilitiesaswellasimproveproductionandmarketingcapabilitiesinordertomaximizetheirinherentadvantagestomarketproximity.Inapparel,lowskillproductionjobshavemovedtolow-costlocationsoffshorewhilethemoreskilledoneshavebeenretained.Tosuccessfullyadapttothenewenvironment,USTCindustriesneedtocapitalizeontheirsourcesofcompetitiveadvantage.Theyneedtodevelopamoreflexibleoperationalarrangement,meethighstandardsinproductinnovationandgenerallydevelopamorechange-seekingbusinessculture(Kilduff,2005).
AnimportantsurvivaltoolforUSTCfirmsistoexpandtheirpotentialmarketbyofferingnewproductdesignsandproductcategories.Manufacturersmusttrytobringasteadystreamofproductstomarketthatareinlinewiththetaste,preferencesoftheconsumer.Theycanalsoexpandtheirmarketpotentialbyofferingnewproductcategories.TwoofthefastestgrowingapparelsegmentsintheUS,forexample,havebeenthewomen’splusandmen’sbigandtallsegments(Driscoll,2004).Plus-sizeapparelmarketingwasestimatedat$47billionin2005accountingfor20%oftotalapparelmarket.Itisimportanttoidentifythefirm’stargetcustomersandassesswhetherthefirmissuccessfullyaddressingtheirneeds.
USTCfirmsshouldtargetanarrowsegmentofthemarketthatprovidesthebestopportunityforsuccess.Intextiles,thefocusshouldbeonafewspecializedsegmentssuchascarpets,nonwovensandtechnicaltextiles.Similarly,apparelproducersshouldincreasetheirfocusoncoreproducts,reduceverticalintegrationtoshedoverheadcosts,andestablishallianceswithotherfirmstoconsolidateresourcesandincreasemarketshare.
Finally,inviewofrisingincomesandhighgrowthratesinmanydevelopingcountriessuchasChina,Brazil,andIndia,therearepotentialexportmarketopportunitiesforUStextileandapparelproducts.USexportinterestsmaybeservedbyseekingimprovedaccesstotheretaildistributionsystemsofdevelopingcountries.UStextilefirmsshouldalsobeabletouseMexicotoexporttotheEuropeanUnionandothercountries,takingadvantageoftheMexico-EUtradeagreement.
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