考研英语一真题.docx

考研英语一真题.docx

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考研英语一真题

2015年考研英语

（一）真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis___1___astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has___2___.

　　Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted___3___1,932uniquesubjectswhich___4__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth___5___.

　　While1%mayseem___6___,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven___7___theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho___8___ourkin.”

　　Thestudy_（9）_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,___10___,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore___11___it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat___12___usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends___13___”functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith___14___!

　　Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevolution___15___thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp___16___whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor___17___factor.

　　Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s___18___tobefriendthoseofsimilar___19___backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento___20___thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.

　　1.AwhenBwhyChowDwhat

　　2.AdefendedBconcludedCwithdrawnDadvised

　　3.AforBwithConDby

　　4.AcomparedBsoughtCseparatedDconnected

　　5.AtestsBobjectsCsamplesDexamples

　　6.AinsignificantBunexpectedCunbelievableDincredible

　　7.AvisitBmissCseekDknow

　　8.AresembleBinfluenceCfavorDsurpass

　　9.AagainBalsoCinsteadDthus

　　10.AMeanwhileBFurthermoreCLikewiseDPerhaps

　　11.AaboutBtoCfromDlike

　　12.AdriveBobserveCconfuseDlimit

　　13.AaccordingtoBratherthanCregardlessofDalongwith

　　14.AchancesBresponsesCmissionsDbenefits

　　15.AlaterBslowerCfasterDearlier

　　16.AforecastBrememberCunderstandDexpress

　　17.AunpredictableBcontributoryCcontrollableDdisruptive

　　18.AendeavorBdecisionCarrangementDtendency

　　19.ApoliticalBreligiousCethnicDeconomic

20.AseeBshowCproveDtell

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?

　　TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

　　Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms（notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra）.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

　　Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

　　Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

　　WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

　　ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

　　21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

　　[A]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport

　　[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

　　[C]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

　　[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment

　　22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly

　　[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

　　[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

　　[C]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto

　　[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

　　23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

　　[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

　　[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies

　　[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

　　[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges

　　24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

　　[A]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues

　　[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

　　[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

　　[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

　　25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

　　[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

　　[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

　　[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

　　[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

Text2

　　JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

TheSupremeCpurtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

　　Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

　　ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

　　TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorporcketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing.”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

　　ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

　　26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

　　[A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

　　[B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

　　[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

　　[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

　　27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof

　　[A]tolerance.

　　[B]indifference.

　　[C]disapproval.

　　[D]cautiousness.

　　28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto

　　[A]gettingintoone’sresidence.

　　[B]handingone’shistoricalrecords.

　　[C]scanningone’scorrespondences.

　　[D]goingthroughone’swallet.

　　29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

　　[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

　　[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

　　[C]phonesareusedtostoresensiti