学年高中英语Unit3TheworldofscienceSectionⅢUsinglanguage 1.docx
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学年高中英语Unit3TheworldofscienceSectionⅢUsinglanguage 1.docx
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学年高中英语Unit3TheworldofscienceSectionⅢUsinglanguage1
SectionⅢ Usinglanguage&Writing
现在完成时的被动语态
一、构成
肯定式
主语+have/hasbeendone...
否定式
主语+have/hasnotbeendone...
一般疑问式
Have/Has+主语+beendone...?
特殊疑问式
疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone...?
◆Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.
他已被挑选出来参加运动会。
◆Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat.
墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。
◆Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?
下次会议的日期已确定了吗?
◆Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?
电池多久没有更换了?
二、用法
1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。
◆Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.
机器已经修好了。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“Howlong...?
”句型中。
◆Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
◆Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?
这部电影已放映多长时间了?
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
◆Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.
在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
recently/lately最近
sincethen从那时起
eversince自那以来
bynow到现在为止
foralongtime很长一段时间
ever曾经
inrecentyears在最近几年里
yet已经
in/during/overthepast/lastyears在过去的几年里
already已经
sofar迄今为止
三、注意事项
1.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
◆Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.
→Hehasalreadybeenpunishedbyhisboss.
2.带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
◆Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.
→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecentlybythecompany.
→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecentlybythecompany.
单句语法填空
1.Morethan50,000yuanhasbeenraised(raise)forthepoorfamilysincethegroupwasfounded.
2.BlackFridayhasbeenregarded(regard)asthebeginningoftheholidayshoppingseasonforyears.
3.—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?
—Yes,fortunatelynoonewashurt(hurt).
4.Sincetheearly1990s,alotofclinicshavebeenfounded(found)inthiscountrytotreatpoorpeopleforfree.
5.Someeffortsweremade(make)toimprovetheairqualityinthecitylastwinter.
6.Overthepastthreeyears,thepaintingshavebeentaken(take)tomorethan20museumsintheworld.
7.Lotsofstudieshaveshown(show)thatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.
8.Morethan$10millionhadbeenspent(spend)carryingouttheprojectbytheendoflastyear.
9.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,wasinvited(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonylastnight.
10.TheEnglishsonghasbeensung(sing)formanyyears,butwestilllikeit.
语法与写作
1.Theboyshavebeentoldmanytimes(男孩们已经被多次告知)nottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn’tmakeanydifference.
2.WearegladtobetoldthatLiTaohasbeenadmittedtoFudanUniversity(已经被复旦大学录取)forhistopscoresintheMathsContest.
3.Whenandwheretogofortheonsalaryholidayhasnotbeendecided(没有确定)yet.
4.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopichasbeenchanged(已被改变了).
5.Thatbookhasbeentranslated(已经被翻译)intoatleast20foreignlanguagessofar.
实验报告
文体感知
实验报告是把实验目的、方法、过程、结果等记录下来,经过整理写成的书面汇总材料。
实验报告要明确体现实验目的、步骤和结果,对具体实验现象的描述要客观准确,分析要全面具体,语言要简洁质朴、通俗易懂。
增分佳句
1.描写实验目的:
(1)...carryoutanexperimenttofindout...
(2)Theaimoftheexperimentistofind...
(3)...withthepurposeofdiscovering...
2.描写实验用品:
(1)Tocarryout/make/do/performtheexperiment,youneed...
(2)Thefollowingthingsareneeded...
(3)Thefollowingapparatusisused...
3.描写实验方法或过程:
(1)...makegoodpreparationsfor...
(2)Itisimportantthat...
(3)...dotheexperimentasfollows.
(firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally;first,then,next,afterthat,twohours’later;afterseveraldays)
(4)findabetterwayofdoing
(5)...makeagoodstudyof...
4.描写实验结论:
(1)Fromthisexperimentwecanconclude...
(2)...draw/cometotheconclusionthat...
(3)Wecanlearnfromtheexperimentthat...
(4)Wecanfindoutthat...
(5)Youcansee/discover...
(6)Inconclusion...
写作要求
化学课上学习了关于溶解的知识后,请你根据下表做一个化学实验,比较橘子汁和食用油在水中的溶解情况,然后用英语写一份词数80左右的实验报告,给出结论。
实验目的
观察橘子汁和食用油这两种物质是否溶解于水
实验器材
试管;小勺(spoon)
实验方法
1.将水分别注入两个试管中,并确保水位相等;
2.把两种物质分别放在装有水的两个试管中;
3.5分钟后观察反应
实验结果
橘子汁溶解(dissolve)了,食用油没有任何反应
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
说明文
话题
实验报告
时态
一般现在时
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1.词汇
①实验的目的theaim/thepurposeoftheexperiment
②查明findout
③把……倒入……pour...into...
④相等的equal
⑤同时atthesametime
⑥五分钟后fiveminuteslater
2.句式
①五分钟后,橘子汁已经溶解了,但食用油仍保留在表面上。
普通表达:
Afterfiveminutes,theorangejuicehasdissolved,buttheoilremainsonthesurface.
高级表达:
Fiveminuteslater,theorangejuicehasdissolved.However,theoilremainsonthesurface.(用高级词汇later,however改写上面的句子)
②橘子汁很快溶解了,食用油没有任何反应。
普通表达:
Orangejuicedissolvesinwaterquickly.Oilishardtodissolveinwater.
高级表达:
_Orangejuicedissolvesinwaterquicklywhileoilishardtodissolveinwater.(用while把上面的句子改写成并列句)
妙笔成篇
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Onepossibleversion:
Aim:
Tofindoutwhetherorangejuiceandoildissolveinwater.
Apparatus:
testtubes;spoons
Method:
Pourwaterintotwotesttubes.Makesurethewaterlevelisequalineithertube.Putaspoonfuloforangejuiceintoonetube,andaspoonfulofoilintotheother.Putthemintothetubesatthesametime;leavethetubesforfiveminutes.
Result:
Fiveminuteslater,theorangejuicehasdissolved.However,theoilremainsonthesurface.
Conclusion:
Orangejuicedissolvesinwaterquicklywhileoilishardtodissolveinwater.
单句语法填空
1.Agreatmanymachineshavebeenproduced(produce)bythefactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.
2.Greatchangeshavetaken(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactorieshavebeenset(set)upthereinthepasttenyears.
3.Thebookhasbeenfinished(finish)andwillcomeoutnextmonth.
4.Uptonow,alotofhighrisebuildingshavebeenbuilt(build)inourcity.
5.BecauseJackwasalwayslateforwork,Lilyjusttoldmehehadbeenfired(fire)sincelastmonth.
6.Therobotshavebeenused(use)tohelphumansdosomedangerousworksincethelate1990s.
7.—Whydidyouleavethatposition?
—Iwasoffered(offer)abetterpositionatIBM.
8.ProfessorYanghasbeeninvited(invite)tothefilmfestivaltwicesofar.
9.Agreatdealofmoneyhasbeendevoted(devote)tothoseschoolsinthecountrysidesofar.
10.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschoolweresent_(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.
阅读理解
A
WhenIwasachild,myfatherboughtmeanewtoyeveryotherweekwhenhereceivedhispaycheck.Ilovedtotakethetoysaparttolearntheirbasicprinciples,andthenputthembacktogether.
Mostofthetime,thetoysstillworked,butIclearlyremembergettingatoyrobotthatwouldwalkeitherforwardsorbackwards.ItooktherobotapartbutwhenIputitbacktogether,itcouldn’twalkanymore.IfiguredoutwhatwaswrongwithitbutIwasnotabletofixit.ItwasespeciallydisappointingbecauseIreallylikedtherobot.
BythetimeIwastenorso,myparentsallowedmetoplayoutdoorsalone.Duringthesummer,onthejunkday,Iwouldcheckoutwhatpeoplewerethrowingaway.Peopledidnotusegarbagebagsthen,soallwastewasinmetalcans,whichmadeiteasytocheckoutwhatwasinthewaste.Itookhomesomeequipment,radios,andtelevisions.Itookthemapartandlearnedhowtheywerebuilt.
Throughlearningbymyself,Ibuiltatelephone.Imademyownmicrophone(扩音器)bytakingapartolddrybatteriesandtakingthecarbonrods(碳棒)outofthem.Ithenbroketherodsintopowderandusedthecarbonpowdertomakethemicrophone.Iusedthemicrophoneinmyhomemadetelephone.LaterImadeanothercarbonmicrophone,whichIconnectedinserieswithaspeakerItookfromanoldradio.Iputthespeakerinabushbythesidewalkandranwiresaroundthesideofthehousewherethebatteriesandmyhomemademicrophonewere.Ihadmuchfunplayingjokesonpeoplewalkingbywiththatdevice(装置).
【解题导语】 作者小时候喜欢研究和发明新东西,他经常从别人的垃圾里寻找可以利用的材料。
1.Whathappenedwhentheauthorputbackthetoyrobottogether?
A.Itdidn’tworknormally.
B.Itlookedlikeadisappointingtoy.
C.Hefoundsomethingwasmissing.
D.Hedidn’tknowwhatwaswrongwithit.
A 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段中的ItooktherobotapartbutwhenIputitbacktogether,itcouldn’twalkanymore.可知,那个玩具机器人坏了。
2.Howdidtheauthorgetwhathewantedafterturning10?
A.Throughcheckinggarbagebags.
B.Throughcollectingthemoutdoors.
C.Throughaskinghisparentsforthem.
D.Throughborrowingthemfromhisneighbors.
B 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段中的Duringthesummer,onthejunkday,Iwouldcheckoutwhatpeoplewerethrowingaway.可知,作者在户外搜集可用的东西。
3.Whatdidtheauthordotogetthemicrophonesheneeded?
A.Hetookapartanoldtelephone.
B.Helookedforthemeverywhere.
C.Heusedoldthingstomakethem.
D.Hetooksomecarbonrodsfromabrokenradio.
C 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第四段中的Imademyownmicrophone(扩音器)...tomakethemicrophone.可知,作者是用家里的旧物制作了自己所需要的扩音器。
4.Afterreadingthetext,whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasachild?
A.Hedidn’tknowhisinterest.
B.Hewaslaughedatbyothers.
C.Hedidn’tstudyhardatschool.
D.Helovedinventingnewthings.
D 解析:
推理判断题。
根据文章内容可知,作者喜欢搜集和拆卸旧东西,然后自己发明一些新东西。
B
Yourhousemayhave
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