资源环境与城乡规划管理专业乡村旅游和经济发展研究大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文.docx
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资源环境与城乡规划管理专业乡村旅游和经济发展研究大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文.docx
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资源环境与城乡规划管理专业乡村旅游和经济发展研究大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计(论文)
外文文献翻译
文献、资料中文题目:
乡村旅游和经济发展研究
文献、资料英文题目:
文献、资料来源:
文献、资料发表(出版)日期:
院(部):
专业:
资源环境与城乡规划管理
班级:
姓名:
学号:
指导教师:
翻译日期:
2017.02.14
毕业论文(设计)外文翻译
题目:
我国乡村旅游开发研究——以浙江临安白沙村为例
外文翻译之一
Factorsforsuccessinruraltourismtourismdevelopment
作者:
SuzanneWilson,DanielR.Fesenmaier,JulieFesenmaierandJohnC,VanEs
国籍:
US
出处:
JournalofTravelResearch
原文正文:
Sincethe1970s,economicrestructuringandfarmcrisishavereducedruralcommunities'economicdevelopmentoptions,makingolderdevelopmentstrategieslessviableandforcingmanytolookfornontraditionalwaystosustainthemselves.Oneofthemostpopularnontraditionalruraldevelopmentstrategieshasbeentourismanditsassociatedentrepreneurshipruraldevelopmentstrategieshasbeentourismanditsassociatedentrepreneurshipopportunitiesbecauseoftourism'sabilitytobringindollarsandtogeneratejobsandsupportretailgrowth.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoidentifyandexaminethosefactorsthathavehelpedruralcommunitiessuccessfullydeveloptourismanditsentrepreneurshipopportunities.SeveralfocusgroupswereconductedwithlocalbusinesspersonsandleadersinsixruralIllinoiscommunities.Theresultsclearlydemonstratetheimportanceofthecommunityapproachtotourismdevelopmentandthatruraltourismdevelopmentandentrepreneurshipcannotworkwithouttheparticipationandcollaborationofbusinesspersonsdirectlyandindirectlyinvolvedintourism.
Sincethe1970s,economicrestructuringandthefarmcrisishaveseverelyreducedruralcommunities’economicopportunities.Economicrestructuringhascausedalossofruralmanufacturingplantsandmanyjobs.The1980sfarmcrisisintheMidwestalsoledtoadeclineinthenumbersoffarmersandrestructuredfarmownership,forcingsomefarmfamiliestoaugmenttheirincomeswithoff-farmjobs,todepartfarming,ortodeclarebankruptcy.Thefarmcrisisandthelossofmanufacturingjobshadsubstantialrippleeffectsinruralcommunities.Asruraljoblessnessratesroseaboveurbanlevels,realincomegrowthstagnatedinruralareas(SearsandReid1992).Manystoresandagribusinessesdisappearedfromsmallruraltowns.Notsurprisingly,a1992statewidesurveyinIllinoisfoundthat39%ofruralresidentsperceivedtheireconomicprospectsasworsening(Walzer1993).
Thesechangeslimitedruralcommunities’economicdevelopmentoptions,makingolderdevelopmentstrategiessuchasmanufacturinglessviableandforcingmanytolookfornontraditionalwaystosustainthemselves.Oneofthemostpopularnontraditionalruraldevelopmentstrategieshasbeentourismanditsassociatedentrepreneurshipopportunities(EdgellandHarbaugh1993;Luloffetal.1994).Ruralareashaveaspecialappealtotouristsbecauseofthemystiqueassociatedwithruralareasandtheirdistinctcultural,historic,ethnic,andgeographiccharacteristics(EdgellandHarbaugh1993).Ruraltourismalsoislesscostlyandeasiertoestablishthanotherruraleconomicdevelopmentstrategiessuchasmanufacturing.Ruraltourismcanbedevelopmentstrategiessuchasmanufacturing.Ruraltourismcanbedevelopedlocallywithparticipationfromlocalgovernmentandsmallbusinesses,anditsdevelopmentisnotnecessarilydependentonoutsidefirmsorcompanies.Althoughtourismcanbeexpensivetodevelopincertaincases(e.g.,largeresortareas)orcaninvolvelargefirmsandchains,ruraltourismcanbedevelopedwithrelativelylittleinvestmentcredit,training,andcapital.Hence,ruraltourismcanbelesscostlytodevelopascomparedtoothereconomicdevelopmentstrategies;additionally,ruraltourismneednotinvolvedependencyonoutsidefirmsandtheirdecisionsonwhethertheywanttobeinanarea.Ruraltourismprovidesabaseforthesesmallbusinessesthatmightnototherwisebeinruralcommunitiesbecauseoftheirsmallpopulations.Tourismparticularlyhelpstwotypesofsmallbusinessesinruralareas—thosedirectlyinvolvedintourism(e.g.,attractionsandhotels/motels)andthoseindirectlyinvolvedintourism(e.g.,gasstationsandgrocerystores).Additionally,ruraltourismworkswellwithexistingruralenterprisessuchasfarms(e.g.,U-Pickfarms)andcangenerateimportantsecondaryincomeforfarmhouseholds(Oppermann1996).Nonetheless,ruraltourismremainsoneofthefewviableeconomicoptionsforruralcommunities.Likeothereconomicdevelopmentstrategies,ruraltourismrequiresseveralcomponentstobesuccessful.
Tourismdevelopmentinvolves
(1)attractions:
thenaturalandmanmadefeaturesbothwithinandadjacenttoacommunity;
(2)promotion:
themarketingofacommunityanditstourismattractionstopotentialtourists;(3)tourisminfrastructure:
accessfacilities(roads,airports,trains,andbuses),waterandpowerservices,par
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