职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案051418.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案051418.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案051418
职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0514-18
1、Haveyoutalkedtoherlately?
【单选题】
A.lastly
B.finally
C.shortly
D.recently
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
题干大意:
你最近跟她聊天了吗?
画线词lately和选项recently都有“最近”的意思。
lastly:
最后,终于;finally:
最后,终于;shortly:
立刻,简短地。
故答案为D。
2、Robots
Themostsophisticated(先进的)Japaneserobots,whichhavevisionsystemsandworkatveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studiesofrobots,particularlycomputercontrolsoftware,areconsideredtobegenerallylessadvancedinJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.
Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesforsimplyhandlingobjects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledworklikewelding(焊接),spray-paintingandassemblingcomponents.
InBritainrobotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningeversince.ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveandpartlybecauseengineersnowhavemoreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthedifficultiesofintroducingthemeffectively.
Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100timesmoreenergythanahumantodoanequivalentjob.
Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.ThisisanenormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeupathirdofallmaterialpublishedinJapan.
ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirMTBFormeantimebetweenfailures.Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwoyears).Onewayrobotmanufacturershaveincreasedreliabilityistotesteverysinglecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthenormalprocedureofjusttestingasmall.sample.
ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclaimedbyJapanesecompaniesisthattheyincreasequalitycontrol.Oneprogrammedrobotscanworkmoreaccuratelyandconsistentlythanhumans,whocangettiredandbored.
Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume________.
【单选题】
A.toomuchenergy
B.basedonAmericandesigns
C.theyaretoocostly
D.theyarenotreliable
E.qualitycontrol
F.freeofcharge
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
首先根据语法知识,及物动词consume后加名词作宾语,排除选项B、C、D。
consume作动词表示“消耗”,剩余选项中只有A选项“toomuchenergy”可以与其搭配。
此外,文章第四段Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100timesmoreenergythanahumantodoanequivalentjob也表明:
做同样的工作,机器人平均要消耗的能量是人类的100多倍。
由此可以肯定A为正确答案。
3、Theycheatedtheoldwomanoutofherhouseandstolehermoney.【单选题】
A.decipher
B.charged
C.betrayed
D.fooled
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
cheat和fool都表示“欺骗”;decipher:
辨认;charge:
索要费用;betray:
背叛。
4、FermiProblem
OnaMondaymorninginJuly,theworld'sfirstatombombexplodedintheNewMexicodesert,Fortysecondslater,theshookwavesreachedthebasecampwheretheItalian-AmericanphysicistEnricoFezmiandhisteamstood.Afteramentalcalculation,Fermiannouncedtohisteamthatthebomb'senergyhadequated10,000tonsofTNT.Thebombteamwasimpressed,butnotsurprised.Fermi'sgeniuswasknownthroughoutthescientificworld.In1938hehadwonaNobelPrize.Fouryearslaterheproducedthefirstnuclearchainreaction,leadingusintothenuclearage.SinceFermi'sdeathin1954,nophysicisthasbeenatonceamasterexperimentalistandaleadingtheoretician.
Likeallvirtuosos(大师),Fermihadadistinctivestyle.Hepreferredthemostdirectroutetoananswer.Hewasverygoodatdividingdifficultproblemsintosmall,manageablebitstalentweallcanuseinourdailylives.
Todevelopthistalentinhisstudents,FermiwouldsuggestatypeofquestionnowknownasaFermiproblem.Uponfirsthearingoneofthese,youhaven'ttheremotestnotionoftheanswer,andyoufeelcertainthattoolittleinformationhadbeengiventosolveit,Yetwhentheproblemisbrokenintosub-problems,eachanswerablewithoutthehelpofexpert.sorbooks,youcancomeclosetotheexactsolution.
SupposeyouwanttodetermineEarth'scircumferencewithoutlookingitup.EveryoneknowsthatNewYorkandLosAngelesareabout3,000milesapartandthatthetimedifferencebetweenthemisthreehours.Threehoursisone-eighthofaday,andadayisthetimeittakestheplanettocompleteonerotation,soitscircumferencemustbeeighttimes30000r24000miles.Thisanswerdiffersfromthetruevalue,24,902.45miles,bylessthanfourpercent.
UltimatelythevalueofdealingwitheverydayproblemsthewayFermididliesintherewardsofmakingindependentdiscoveriesandinventions.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherthediscoveryisasimportantasdeterminingthepowerofanatomorassmallasmeasuringthedistancebetweenNewYorkandLosAngeles.Lookinguptheanswer,orlettingsomeoneelsefinditdeprivesyouofthepleasureandpridethataccompanycreativity,anddeprivesyouofanexperiencethatbuildsupself-confide.Thus,approachingpersonaldilemmasasFermiproblemscanbecomeahabitthatenrichesyourlife.
Fermiproblemistodevelopthetalentofbreakingaseeminglyunanswerableproblemintosub-problemsandfindingthesolutiontoit,whichisatypicalFermiproblem.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
答案的依据是第3段的内容。
第1句中的thistalent指第2段提到的将难以解决的问题分解成几个容易处理的小问题。
第3段对这种解决问题的方法又进一步作了描写。
5、PreparationsforInterview
Thefirstthingyouhavetoprepareforajobinterviewistowriteyourresume.Mostofall,theresumeshouldemphasizealltherelatedexperienceyouhavehad.Theresumeshouldbeclearandyoushouldkeepinmindthatthepersonreadingitwillprobablybereadingmanyotherresumes.Thebestthingyoucandoisto.makeitobviouswhyyoucandothejobbetterthananybodyelse.Yourresumeshouldbeneatandifpossible,typed,thebiggestadvantageofatypedresumeisthatitiseasytoread.
Onceyouhaveorganizedyourresume,checkyourcloset.Specialattentionshouldbeallowedtowhatyouwillwearfortheinterview.Youdon'twantto______asifyouweregoingtoaparty,butyoualsodon'twanttobeover-dressed.Youshouldconsidersettingyourhairtrimmedbeforetheinterview.Rememberthatneatnesscounts.Youshouldbeneatinyourappearanceaswellasinresume.
Finally,youmustkeepinmindthatemployersdonotlikepeopletosmokeorchewgumduringaninterview.Thebasicreasonforthismaybethatyouappeartoorelaxed.Rememberyouarenotvisitingafriend;youaretryingtogetajob.Ifyoufollowalloftheaboveadvice,youhaveagoodchanceofgettingthejobyoudesire.
【单选题】
A.appear
B.consider
C.bedressedup
D.regard
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
bedressedup:
给……穿上盛装。
6、Thetestproduceddisappointingresults.【单选题】
A.unsatisfactory
B.indirect
C.similar
D.positive
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
实验结果令人失望。
本题难度不大,也是送分题,可以确认disappointing和unsatisfactory都是“失望的,让人不满意的”意思,所以最佳答案是A。
7、HousesoftheFuture
Whatwillhousesbelikeafterthirtyyears?
Noonereallyknows,butarchitectsaretryingtopredict.Whatwillourhomebelikethen?
Futurehouseswillhavetobeflexible.someofuswillbeworkingfromhome.Sowewillhavetobeabletouseareasofthehouseforworkforpartofthedayandforlivingfortherest.Familiesgrowandchangewithchildrenarriving,growingupandleavinghome.Thehouseofthefuturewillhavetogrowandchangewiththefamily.Nothingwillbeasfixedasitisnow.Thehousewillalwaysbechangingtomeetchangingneeds.
Everyoneagreesthatafter30yearswewillbelivingin"intelligent"houses.Wewillbeabletotalktoourkitchenmachinesanddiscusswiththemwhattodo.Likethis:
"We'llbehavingapartythisweekend.Whatfoodshallwecook?
"____Wewillbeabletoleavecookingtothemachines,justtastingthingsfromtimetotimetocheck.
Thehouseofthefuturewillbepersonalandeachhousewillbedifferent.Youwillbeabletochangethecolorofthewalleasily.Youwon'thavetopaintthemandyou'llbeabletotellthewalltochangethecolor!
Andifyoudon'tlikethecolortoday,youwillbeabletohaveanewone.Theonlythingyouwon'tbeabletodoismovethehousesomewhereelse!
【单选题】
A.Youwillbeabletochangethecolorofthewalleasily.
B.Theonlythingyouwon'tbeabletodoismovethehousesomewhereelse!
C.Andthemachinewilltelluswhatfoodwewillhavetobuyandhowtocookit.
D.Whatwillourhomebelikethen?
E.Thehouseofthefuturewillhavetogrowandchangewiththefamily.
F.Thekidsmighttaketheirbedroomswiththemastheyleave.
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题的难度不大,考生只要认真阅读文章,不难确定答案。
可用排除法和代入法。
本题的上文谈到,未来的房子将智能化,例如我们可以跟厨房电器聊天,问如果要举行一个晚会,该做什么饭菜,下文谈到我们将把做菜的大部分任务交给厨房电器,可以推断此处继续围绕厨房电器来谈,回来看选项,使用排除法和代入法,可以确定C是正确答案。
8、ACountry'sStandardofLiving
The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstonitscapacitytoproducewealth."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:
"goodssuchasfoodandclothing",and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.
Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactorsmostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources.Someregionoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhavefertile(肥沃的)soilandafavorableclimate,otherregionspossessnoneofthem.
Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse,ChinaisperhapsasrichastheUSAinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,Forthisandother____itwasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasions,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,toproducemorewealththanothercountry.
Acountry'sstandardofl
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