在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一.docx
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在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一.docx
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在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一
在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一
Thesignificanceoftrustisthatitallowsthepartiesinvolvedintherelationshiptoindicatehowtheyfeel,whattheybehave,andwheretheydisagreewithoutfearofcontradictionorreprisal(报复).Trustingrelationshipencouragepeopletodisclosetheirplansandperceptionswithouthurtingthemselvesorothers.Hurt,whetherrealorimagined,isoneofthemostharmfulconsequencesofpersonalrelationshipswithotherhumanbeings.Insituationswhichyoufeelthattheotherpersonhasthepowerandintenttohurtyou,trustdiminishesquickly.Thusaclimateofdistrustappearsinyourrelationswithothers.Conversely,ifIcansaywhatevercomestomymindwithoutgettinghurt,aclimateoftrustpervadestherelationship.Trustisaperceptualphenomenonthatevolvesfromourexperienceswithothers.Iftrustingweresoeasy,wewouldnotneedtomakesuchapointofitsimportanceinhumanrelationships.Tosaythatapersonshouldtrustothersistodiminishthedifficultyofproducingtrust.Inmutualrelationships,bothpartiesmustbehavetowardoneanotherintrustingways.Eventhoughithurtsinthepitofthestomach(心窝),youmusttrusttheotherpersonandencouragehimorhertosaythosethingsthatdemandatrustingresponse.Noonelikestogethurtandfewliketohurtothers,especiallynotthoseotherswhoareclosetousinperson-to-personrelationships.Weavoidexpressingourtruefeelingslestwebecomethetargetofarevengingattackfromtheotherperson.IfIindicatethatIdonotappreciatehavingyousmokeinmycar,ImayloveyouasafriendorImaybecomethesubjectofridiculeforallowinglittlethingslikethattobotherme.Ifthathappens,Iwillbelessopenandlesstrustingofyouthenexttime.
1.Thesignificanceoftruesliesinthefactthat_____.
[A]trustisnoteasytoreachbetweenhumanbeings
[B]trustallowspeopletosaywhatevercomestotheirminds
[C]onelikestogethurt
[D]fewliketotrustothers
2.Whatwillnothappenifapersonfeedshewillbehurtbytheother?
[A]Trustdiminishesquickly.
[B]Hewilldisclosehisplansandperceptions.
[C]Aclimateofdistrustpervadestherelationship?
[D]Oneofthemostharmfulconsequencesofpersonalrelationshipswithothersappear.
3.Trustisaphenomenonthat_____.
[A]resultsfromourexpericenceswithothers
[B]comesfromourperceptions
[C]maytrustinthepitofthestomach
[D]noneoftheabove
4.Peopleavoidexpressingtheirtruefeelingsbecause_____.
[A]theybecomethetargetofrevengingattackfromothers
[B]theyarenotsoopenandtrustingothers
[C]theydonotwanttobecomethetargetofrevengingattackfromothers
[D]theydonotwanttolosefriends
5.Impliedbutnotstated_____.
[A]Peopleusuallydonotliketotrustthosewhoareclosetous
[B]Peoplewillusuallygetreprisalorridiculefortheirtrust
[C]Iftrusthasbeenestablished,itwillneverdisappear
[D]ThenegativeresponsewillusuallyresultinthediminishingoftrustingbetweenpersonsCigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedtocancerofthebladder(膀胱)andtheoralcavity(口腔).Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.
Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.Themajorityofphysiciansandresearchersconsidertheserelationshipsprovedtotheirsatisfactionandsay.“Giveupsmoking.Ifyoudon’tsmoke,don’tstart”.Somecompetentphysiciansandresearchworkers-thoughtheirsmallnumberisdwindling(减小)evenfurther-arelesssureoftheeffectofcigarettesmokingonhealth.Theyconsidertheincreaseinrespiratory(呼吸的)diseasesandvariousformsofcancermaypossiblybeexplainedbyotherfactorsinthecomplexhumanenvironment-atmosphericpollution,increasednervousstress,chemicalsubstancesinprocessedfood,orChemicalpesticidesthatarenowbeingusedbyfarmersinvastQuantitiestodestroyinsectsandsmallanimals.Smokerswhodevelopcancerorlungdiseases,theysay,mayalso,bycoincidence,liveinindustrialareas,oreatmorecannedfood.Gradually,however,researchisisolatingallotherpossiblefactorsandprovingthemtobestatisticallyirrelevant.Whilealltobaccosmokingaffectslifeexpectancyandhealth,cigarettesmokingappearstohaveamuchgreatereffectthancigarorpipesmoking.However,nicotine(尼古丁)consumptionisnotdiminishedbythelatterforms,andcurrentresearchIndicatesrelationshipbetweenallformsofsmokingandcancerofthemouthandthroat.Filtersandlowtar(焦油)tobaccoareclaimedtomadesmokingtosomeextentsafer,buttheycanonlymarginallyreduce,noteliminate,thehazards.
1.Malesmokingaremoreaffectedbysmokingthanfemaleonesbecause_____.
[A]Malesmokerssmokemorethanfemaleones
[B]Malesmokersaremorelikelytobeaffectedbysmoking
[C]Malesmokersbreathinthesmokedeeperthanfemaleones
[D]Malesmokersaremorelikelytobeaffectedbyotherfactorsinhormoneenvironment
2.Accordingtothepassage,cigarettecandoharmtoallthefollowingEXCEPT_____.
[A]lung
[B]mouth
[C]heart
[D]eye
3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardssmokingis_____.
[A]critical
[B]approving
[C]questioning
[D]subjective
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?
[A]Moreandmoreresearchworkbelievetheeffectofcigarettesmokingonhealth.
[B]Filtersandlowtartobaccocannotgetridofthehazard.
[C]Cigarettesmikinghasagreatereffectonhealththan.
[D]Allformsoftobaccosmokingaffectslifeexpectancyandhealth.
5.Theauthorspurposeofwritingthepassageisto_____.
[A]offeradviceonhowtogiveupsmoking
[B]explaintheinfluenceofcigarettesmokingonhealth
[C]listthefactorsthatcancausecancer
[D]comparetheopinionsontheeffectofsmoking
参考答案:
CDACB ThePoetryofGwendolynBrookshasbeenpraisedfordeepeningthesignificanceofpersonalandsocialexperiencessothattheseexperiencesbecomeuniversalintheirimplication.Shehasalsobeenpraisedforher“senseofform,whichisbasicandremarkable.”ManyofherpoemsareconcernedwithaBlackcommunitynamedBronzeville,onthesouthsideofChicago.HerliteraryskillmakesBronzevillemorethanjustaplaceonamap.Thiscommunity,likeallimportantliteraryplaces(Robinson’sTiburyTownandMasters’SpoonRiver,forexample),becomesatestinggroundofpersonality,aplacewheretherawmaterialofexperienceisshapedbyimaginationandwherethejoysandtrialsofbeinghumanarebothsungandjudged.ThequalitiesforwhichBrooks’spoetryisledare(asonecritichaspointedout)“boldness,invention,adaringtoexperiment,andanaturalnessthatdoesnotscornliteraturebutabsorbsit.”
Herloveforpoetrybeganearly.Attheageofseven.she“begantoputrhymestogether,”andwhenshewasthirteen,oneofherpoemswaspublishedinachildren’smagazine.Duringherteensshecontributedmorethanseventy-fivepoemstoaChicagonewspaper.In1941shebegantoattendaclassinwritingpoetryattheSouthSideCommunityArtCenter,andseveralyearslater,herpoemsbegantoappearinPoetryandothermagazines.Hefirstcollectionofpoems,AStreetinBronzeville,waspublishedin1945.Fouryearslater,AnnieAllen,hersecondcollectionofpoems,appeared.In1950AnnieAllenwasawardedaPulitzerprizeforpoetry.Anovel,MaudMartha,aboutayoungblackgirlgrowingupinChicago,publishedin1953,waspraisedforitswarmthandinsights.In1963herselectedPoemsappeared.
1.ThemainsubjectofthepassageisGwendolynBrooks’s_____.
[A]personalbackground
[B]hometown
[C]literaryachievements
[D]childhood
2.WhydoestheauthormentionTiburyTownandSpoonRiver?
[A]Togivecredittotowgreatwriters.
[B]Toprovideexamplesofimportantliteraryplaces.
[C]TosuggestsimilaritiesbetweenBrooks’sstyleandthatofotherwriters.
[D]ToencouragethereadertoreadRobinsonandMasters.
3.Theauthorusesquotationsinthefirstparagraphprimarilyto_____.
[A]helpemphasizethesignificanceofBrooks’spoetry
[B]introducebiographicalinformationaboutBrooks
[C]presentopposingpointsofviewaboutBrooks’swork
[D]statelittle-knownfactsaboutBrooks’snovel
4.Accordingtothepassage,Brooks’spoetrywasfirstpublishedwhenshewas_____.
[A]sevenyearsold
[B]attendingaclassinwriting
[C]inherteens
[D]anestablishednovelist
5.Hernovelwaspraisedbecause_____.
[A]shewrotesomethingabouttheBlackpeople
[B]shehadagoodpersonality
[C]herworkswereshapedbyimagination
[D]shehadpromotedsocialandpersonalexperiences
参考答案:
CBACD Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothingstheinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.“InEurope”,saidThomasJefferson,“theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingabundant;hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,lardbeingabundant”.ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenth-centuryagriculturalmachineryfirstCame.Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrudeplow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturalimplementsontheirbacks:
by1860,mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1990CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhad
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