BK6教师用书Unit7.docx
- 文档编号:28315900
- 上传时间:2023-07-10
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:24
- 大小:35.49KB
BK6教师用书Unit7.docx
《BK6教师用书Unit7.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《BK6教师用书Unit7.docx(24页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
BK6教师用书Unit7
Unit7
HowtoGetthePooroffOurConscience
JohnKennethGalbraith
StructureoftheText
PartI(Paras.1-2)
Theauthorbeginswithananalysisofwaysof“gettingthepooroffourconscience
PartII(Paras.3-9)
Fivesolutionsofferedhistoricallyandtheauthor?
scritiqueofthesesolutions.Thesolutionsarearrangedinchronologicalorder.
1.ThesolutionproposedintheBible.(Para.3)
2.Thesolutionofferedbyutilitarianism.(Para.4)
3.ThesolutionofferedbyMalthusianism.(Paras.5and6)
4.ThesolutionofferedbySocialDarwinism.(Paras.7and8)
5.Theargumentthatpublicassistancetothepoorinterfereswiththeeffectiveoperationoftheeconomicsystem.(Para.9)
PartIII(Paras.10-11)
Transition:
Roosevelt?
sNewDealandthesocialwelfarepoliciesofthepost-WorldWarIIpresidentsseemedtohavesolvedtheproblem.Butactuallythematterwasonlytemporarilyheldinplace.
PartIV(Paras.12-19)
Acriticalanalysisoffivecurrentdesignstogetthepooroffourconscience.
1.Thefirstdesignisthatsincethegovernmentisincompetentitshouldnotbeaskedtoaidthepoor.(Paras.12-13)
2.Theseconddesignisthatanyformofpublichelptothepoorhurtsthepoor.(Paras.14-15)
3.Thethirddesignisthatpublichelptothepoorwillreducetheincentiveoftherichtoworkandencouragethelethargyoftheidle.(Para.16)
4.Thefourthdesignisthatpublichelptothepoorwillhaveanadverseeffectonfreedom.(Paras.17-18)
5.Thefifthdesignispsychologicaldenial.(Para.19)
PartV(Para.20)
Summaryofthefivedesignsandthepopularityoftheadvocatesofthesedesigns.
PartVI(Para.21)
Conclusion:
Theauthorpointsoutthatpublicassistancetothepoorisintheinterestoftherich.Itisaconservativecourseofaction.
DetailedStudyoftheText
1.Iwouldliketoreflectononeoftheoldestofhumanexercises...(Para.1)Question:
Whatdoestheauthorwanttoreflecton?
Theauthorwantstodiscusshowpeoplehavebeentryingnottofeelguiltyabouttheexistenceofpoorpeopleandjustifythecontinuingexistenceofpoverty.
Paraphrase:
Iwanttothinkseriouslyaboutoneoftheoldestpracticesofhumanbeings...Translation:
我要严肃考虑一种人类最古老的实践活动。
2....wehaveundertakentogetthepooroffourconscience.(Para.1)conscience:
asenseofrightandwrong,withanurgetodorightgetthepooroffourconscience:
使我们不为穷人的存在而感到内疚Note:
Inusing“we”“our”the,authorisincludinghimselfintheproblem,thusmakingitsoundasifheisreflectingonamoralsinweareallguiltyof,ratherthanpreachingtousinacondescendingway.
3.Richandpoorhavelivedtogether,alwaysuncomfortablyandsometimesperilously,sincethebeginningoftime.(Para.2)perilous:
involvingrisk;dangerousQuestion:
Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenheuses“perilously”?
Theauthormusthaveinmindslaveuprisings(suchastheslaverevoltledbySpartacusinancientRome),peasantuprisingsandworkers?
strikes.Iftheeconomicdisparitybecomestoogreat,thepoorwillriseupagainsttherich,causingmuchdamage.
4.Plutarchwasledtosay:
“Animbalancebetweentherichandpooristheoldestandmost
fatalailmentofrepublics.”(Para.2)
Payattentiontohowtheauthorexpressestheidea.
“Plutarchwasledtosay”impliesthatitwastheactualexistenceofrichandpoorandPlutarch?
sknowledgeofwhatresultedfrominequitybetweenthemthatmadehimarrivelogicallyatsuchastatement;“ledtosay”meansthathecouldnothavecometoadifferent
conclusion.
Animbalancebetweentherichandpooristheoldestandmostfatalailmentofrepublics.贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。
5.Andtheproblemsthatarisefromthecontinuingcoexistenceofaffluenceandpoverty—andparticularlytheprocessbywhichgoodfortuneisjustifiedinthepresenceoftheillfortuneofothers—havebeenanintellectualpreoccupationforcenturies.(Para.2)intellectual:
appealingtotheintellectintellectualpreoccupation:
有思想有学问的人孜孜不倦地探寻答案Question:
Whatisthemainideaofthisstatement?
Themainideaofthisstatementisthatforcenturiesthosewithhighintellecthavebeensearchingforexplanationstojustifythecoexistenceofrichandpoor.
6.Theycontinuetobesoinourowntime.(Para.2)
Question:
Whatdoes“so”referto?
Itreferstothefactthattheproblemscontinuetobeanintellectualpreoccupation.Note:
Theprevioussentencereferstohistory.Thisonespeaksofthepresent.
7.…thePOOrSUfferinthisworldbutareWOnderfUllyrewardedinthenext.(Para.3)
“inthenext”th:
eayftedrie;whentheygotothenextworld,i.e.heavenorParadise
NOte:
ThisideaisnotonlyembodiedintheBiblebutisalsocommoninBuddhism.
8.TheirPOvertyisatemPOrarymisfOrtune:
IftheyarePOOrandalsOmeek,theyeventuallywillinherittheearth.(Para.3)
meek:
patientandmild;submissive
IntheBible,theword“meek”isusedinapositivesense,meaning“patientandmild
Inthisstatement,thewordisusedinanironicalsense,meaning“submissive”.NOte:
TheideabehindthisstatementmayhavecomefromLukexvi19—25:
19Therewasacertainrichman,whichwasclothedinpurpleandfinelinen,andfaredsumptuouslyeveryday;
20“AndtherewasacertainbeggarnamedLazarus,whichwaslaidathisgate,fullofsores,
21“Anddesiringtobefedwiththecrumbswhichfellfromtherichman?
stable:
moreoverthedogscameandlickedhissores.
22“Anditcametopass,thatthebeggardied,andwascarriedbytheangelsintoAbraham?
sbosom:
therichmanalsodied,andwasburied;
23“nAdinhellhelifteduphiseyes,beingintorments,andseethAbrahamafaroff,andLazarusinhisbosom.
24“Andhecriedandsaid,FatherAbraham,havemercyonme,andsendLazarus,that
hemaydipthetipofhisfingerinwater,andcoolmytongue;forIamtormentedinthisflame.
25“ButAbrahamsaid,Son,rememberthatthouinthylifetimereceivestthygoodthings,andlikewiseLazarusevilthings:
butnowheiscomforted,andthouarttormented”.(fromtheKingJamesversion)
TranslatiOn:
他们的贫困只是一种暂时的不幸;如果他们穷困但却温顺,他们最终将成为这个世界的主人。
9.Thisis,insOmeways,anadmirablesOlutiOn.ItallOwstherichtOenjOytheirwealthwhileenvyingthePOOrtheirfuturefOrtune.(Para.3)
admirable:
insPiringOrdeservingadmiratiOnOrPraise;excellentQuestiOns:
(1)Whydoestheauthorthinkthisisanadmirablesolution?
Becauseinthisway,therichwillnotfeelguiltyandcanhappilyenjoytheirpresentlifewhilethepoorwillhavesomethingtolookforwardto—theirfuturefortune,andwillmeeklyaccepttheircurrentmisery.
(2)Doestheauthorreallythinkthatthisisanadmirablesolution?
Whyorwhynot?
No,hedoesn?
t.Heisbeingironichere.Hecallsit“anadmirablesolution”becausenrichcan“getthepoorofftheirconscience”.
10.Much,muchlater,—thelatedawnoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain—theproblemanditssolutionbegantotakeontheirmodernform.(Para.4)Question:
Whatismeantby“theirmodernform”?
TheauthormeansthattheproblemanditssolutionhavetakenoncapitalistcharacteristicssincetheIndustrialRevolutionusheredincapitalism.Theyhavenothingtodowiththenextworld.
Translation:
(1)thelatedawnoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain:
英国工业革命起始阶段后期
(2)theproblemanditssolutionbegantotakeontheirmodernform贫富不均的问题及其解决办法开始呈现出现代形式
11.JeremyBentham,anearcontemporaryofAdamSmith,cameupwiththeformula...(Para.4)
Translation:
杰里米边沁与亚当斯密几乎是同时代人,他提出了这样一种准则
12.“BythePrinCiPIeOfutility,BenthamSaidin1789,“ismeantthePrinCiPIeWhiCh
approvesordisapprovesofeveryactionwhatsoeveraccordingtothetendencywhichitaPPearstohavetoaugmentordiminishthehaPPinessofthePartyWhoseinterestisinquestion.”(Para.4)
Question:
Whatismeantby“theprincipleofutility”accordingtoBentham?
Theprincipleofutilitymeansthatanactionisjudgedbywhetheritwillincreaseordecreasethebenefitofthosewhoareaffectedbytheaction.
13.Virtueis,indeedmustbe,self-Centered.(Para.4)
ParaPhrase:
Byrightaction,wemeanitmusthelppromotetheinterestsoftheindividualsaffected.
Translation:
善行是且一定是,以自我为中心的。
14....influentialinnoslightdegreetothisday...(Para.5)
ParaPhrase:
…(its)influencehasnotdiminiShedSofar.(ItS)influenceContinUeStoaremarkabledegreetoday.
Translation:
……迄今为止此影响丝毫没有减弱……
15.ThisisassoCiatedWiththenamesofDavidRiCardo,astoCkbroker,andThomasRobertMalthus,adivine.(Para.5)
Question:
WhydoeStheauthormentiontheprofeSSionSofRicardoandMalthuS?
AStockbrokeriSSomeonewhobuySandSellSShareSforthoSewithmoneytoinveSt;uSuallyStockbrokerSthemSelveSmakealotofmoney.ThiSremindSpeopleoftheSaying:
“ItiSeaSierforacameltogothroughtheeyeofaneedlethanforarichmantoenterintotheKingdomofGod.”(Matt.xix,24andMarkx,25)
AdivineiSamemberoftheChriStianclergywhobelieveSinreligionandpreachGod?
SuniverSallove.
AformulapropoSedbytwomenwithSuchdifferentbackgroundSyetwhothinkSoSimilarly
isinitselfironic.
16.Theessentialsarefamiliar:
Thepovertyofthepoorwasthefaultofthepoor.Anditwassobecauseitwasaproductoftheirexcessivefecundity...(Para.5)Paraphrase:
Peoplearefamiliarwiththenatureofthisformula:
Thepovertyofthepoorwastheirownfaultandcausedbytheirhavingtoomanychildren.
17.…theirgrievouslyuncontrolledIUStCaUSedthemtobreedUPtothefullIimitSOftheavailablesubsistence.(Para.5)
Translation:
他们不能控制性欲,过度的生育把地球具有的养活人口的能力推向
极限。
18.PovertybeingcaUSedinthebed...(Para.6)
ParaPhraSe:
Povertywascausedbyoverproductionofchildren.
TranSlation:
贫困来自过度生育……
19....therichwerenotreSPonSibleforeither
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- BK6 教师 Unit7