上海市上海中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析.docx

上海市上海中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析.docx

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上海市上海中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析

2020年上海市上海中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

AlexPalmersayshe'llneverforgethis13thbirthday,notbecauseofagiftoraparty,butfire.“Itmademerealizehowvaluablelifeis,”saidAlex,aseventhgraderatMonroeDemonstrationSchoolinTulsa,Oklahoma.

OnApril18,Alexandmanyotherkidsfromhisschoolwereridinghomeonaschoolbuswhentheysuddenlysawsmokecomingfromthebus’engine.“Itwasjaw-dropping,”hetoldreporters.

BythetimeAlexandsomeotherkidsmadeitoutthebus’backdoor,thebuswasalreadyonfire.Andsomeoftheirschoolmateswerestillinside.Soheandsomeoftheotherolderkidstookaction.

“Onelittlekidwasslowingeveryonedownwithhisbigbackpack,”eighthgraderDestinyFainsaid,“soIgotitoffandthrewittothesideandhelpedtomakesureallthelittlekidsweren’tfightingorpushing.”

Asthatwasgoingon,sixthgraderMarketezDoyle-Smithreportedlyhelpedanotherclassmatewhohadtroubleinbreathingbecauseofthesmoke.“Wesawourfriendlyingontheground,”hesaid,“sowetookourshirtsoffandwavedthemtogethimsomeairtobreathe.”

Marketezalsoreportedlystoppedayoungerkidtryingtogetbackonthebustosearchforsomethinghe’dleftbehind.“We'reallafamily,”hetoldreporters.“SoIwentbacktohelpthelittlekid.”

Finallyeveryonemadeitoffsafely,thankstoAlex,Destiny,Marketezandseveralotherkids.Bylaterthatday,theywerealreadybeingcalledheroes.“Ireallydon’tseeitasbeingahero,”Alexsaid,accordingtoTheWorld.“Iseeitastherightthingtodo—helpingothersbeforeyouhelpyourself.”

1.WhathappenedonAlex’swayhome?

A.Theschoolbuswasonfiresuddenly.

B.TherewasapartyforAlex’sbirthday.

C.Hereceivedagiftfromhisclassmate.

D.Someclassmatesquarreledwitheachother.

2.Bysaying"We'reallafamily.”Marketezprobablymeant

A.We’rebrothersinthesamefamily.B.It’sourdutytohelpeachother.

C.We’reclassmatesinthesameclass.D.Thethingleftonthebusismine.

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Alexthoughtthathe

A.wasnotabravestudent.B.hadtherighttodoanything.

C.hadjustdonewhatheshoulddo.D.hatedtobecalledaherobyothers.

B

ThecommonuseofGoogleMaps,anavigation（导航）apponsmartphones,raisestheage-oldquestionwemeetwithanytechnology:

Whatskillsarewelosing?

Butalso,crucially:

Whatcapabilitiesarewegaining?

Peoplewhoaregoodatfindingtheirwayaroundorgoodatusingpapermapsusuallyexperiencelotsofconfusionwithdigitalmaps.Forexample,theymaymessupthedirectionofnorthandsouth,andyoucanseeonlyasmallsectionatatime.Butconsiderwhatdigitalnavigationaidshavemeantforsomeonelikeme.Despitebeingafrequenttraveler,I’msoterribleatfindingmywaythatIstilluseGoogleMapsalmosteverydayinthesmalltownwhereIhavelivedformanyyears.Whatseemsunnecessarytosomehasbeenasignificantexpansionofmyowncapabilities.

Partoftheproblemisthatreadingpapermapsrequiresaspecificskillset.Thereisnothingnaturalaboutthem.Inmanydevelopednations,streetnamesandhousenumbersaremeaningful,andinstructionssuchas“gonorthforthreeblocksandthenwest”usuallymakesense.InIstanbul,incontrast,whereIgrewup,noneofthoseholdtrue.Foronething,thelocalsrarelyusestreetnames,andhousenumbersoftenaren’tsequentialeitherbecauseafterbuildings1,2and3werebuilt,someonesqueezedinanotherhousebetween1and2,andnowthat’s4.Butthen5willmaybegetbuiltafter3,and6willbebetween2and3.Besides,thecityisfullofwindingandancientstreetsthatmeetwithnewerones.Therefore,instructionsassimpleas“gonorth”wouldrequireahelicopter.Igotlostallthetime.

ButsinceIusedGoogleMaps,Itravelwithalotmoreconfidence,andmyworldhasopenedup.AndbecauseIgotomoreplacesmoreconfidently,Ibelievemynativenavigationskillshavesomewhatimproved,too.

Thatbringsmebacktomyoriginalquestion:

whileweoftenlosesomeskillsafterseekingconveniencefromtechnology,thisnewsetupmayalsoallowustoexpandourcapabilitiesanddosomethingmoreconfidently.Maybewhentechnologyclosesadoor,weshouldalsolookforthedoorsitopens.

4.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutGoogleMaps?

AConfusing.B.Unnecessary.C.Complicated.D.Helpful.

5.WhichcontributestothedifficultyoffindingwaysinIstanbul?

A.Strangestreetnames.B.Ordinarypapermaps.

C.Complexroadarrangements.D.Lackofroadinstructions.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sequential”inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Inafixedorder.B.Ingoodcondition.

C.Ofgreatimportance.D.Ofthesamekind.

7.Whatcolumnofanewspapermaythispassagebelongto?

A.Fashion.B.Opinion.C.Society.D.Geography.

C

Britishanthropologists（人类学家）RussellHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurham,afterstudyingtheresultsofone-on-oneboxing,taekwondo,Greco-RomanwrestlingandfreestylewrestlingmatchesattheOlympicGames,concludethatwhentwocompetitorsareequallymatchedinfitnessandskill,theathletewearingredismorelikelytowin.

HillandBartonreportthatwhenonecompetitorismuchbetterthantheother,colourhasnoeffectontheresult.However,whenthereisonlyasmalldifferencebetweenthem,theeffectofcolourisenoughtipthebalance.Theanthropologistssaythatthenumberoftimesredwinsisnotsimplybychance,butthattheseresultsarestatisticallysignificant.

JoannaSetchell,aprimate（灵长目动物）researcherattheUniversityofCambridge,hasfoundsimilarresultsinnature.ShestudiesthelargeAfricanmonkeysknownasmandrills.Mandrillshavebrightrednosesthatstandoutagainsttheirwhitefaces.Setchell’sworkshowsthatthepowerfulmales—theoneswhoaremoresuccessfulwithfemales—haveabrighterrednosethanothermales.

AswellasthestudiesonprimatesbySetchell,anotherstudyshowstheeffectofredamongbirds.Inanexperiment,scientistsputredplasticringsonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesandthisincreasedthebirds’successwithfemalezebrafinches,Zebrafinchesalreadyhavebrightredbeaks（鸟喙）,sothisstudysuggeststhat,aswithOlympicathletes,anextraflashofredissignificant.Infact,researchersfromtheUniversityofGlasgowsaythatthebirds’brightlycolouredbeaksareanindicatorofhealth.JonathanBlount,abiologist,andhiscolleaguesthinktheyhavefoundproofthatbrightredororangebeaksattractfemalesbecausetheymeanthatthemalesarehealthier.Nothinginnatureissimple,however,becauseinspeciessuchasthebluefootedbooby,acompletelydifferentcolourseemstogivethemalebirdsthesameadvantagewithfemales.

Meanwhile,whataboutthoseathleteswhowinintheireventswhilewearingred?

Dotheirclothesgivethemanunintentionaladvantage?

RobertBartonacceptsthat“thatistheimplication”oftheirfindings.Isittimeforsportsauthoritiestoconsidernewregulationsonsportsclothing?

8.Accordingtotheirresearch.HillandBartonconcludethat________.

A.thecolourofclothinghasaneffectonmostsportevents

B.redshouldbethechoiceofcolourforclothinginsports

C.redplaysarolewhencompetitorsareequallycapable

D.athletesperformbetterwhensurroundedbybrightred

9.Theunderlinedword“tip”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.

A.achieveB.advanceC.keepD.change

10.Theexampleofthebluefootedboobyprovesthat________.

A.malebirdsusedifferentbodypartstodrawattention

B.redisnottheonlycolourtoattractfemalebirds

C.bluegivesfemalebirdsthesameadvantage

D.bluecanindicatehowhealthyabirdis

11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Thecolourredgivesmaleanimalsthemostadvantage.

B.Malezebrafinchesprefertohaveredplasticringsontheirlegs.

C.Rulesonsportsclothingaregoingtobechanged.

D.Athleteswearingredmayhaveanadvantageovertheiropponents.

D

TheraceskywardsbeganinAmerica.Inthelate1800s,industrializationhaddrivenurbanpopulationsandlandpricesup,makingtallbuildingsincreasinglycost-effective,accordingtoCarolWillis,directoroftheSkyscraperMuseuminNewYork,“Theveryfirsttallbuildingswereofficebuildingsthatconcentratedaworkforce,piledoneontopoftheotherinordertomakebusinessveryefficient,”shesays.

Likeallmajorchangesinarchitecture,thetrendwasunderpinnedbyengineering.Thedevelopmentofsteelframework,whichcouldbeusedinsteadofload-bearingstones,madeiteasierandcheapertobuildtall.Thecomingoftheelevator,meanwhile,madelivingonhigherfloorsfarmoreconvenient.

Thoughsimilarinshape,today'sskyscrapers（摩天大楼）looklittlelikethosebuiltinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.Thisismostlythankstoarchitecture'snextmajortechnologicalshift：

thecurtainwall.

Postwardevelopmentsinmanufacturingmeantthathugepanesofglasscouldbeproducedquicklyanduniformly,andglasswindowssoonbecamethefrontofchoiceforhigh-rises.Aswellasallowingforgreaterfloorspaceandmorenaturallight,glassexteriors（外部）help.buildingsresistgreaterwindloads.

Therearenow191completedskyscrapersthatareatleast300meterstall.Butthatdoesn'tmeanourcitieswillgrowtallerindefinitely.Whileeachadditionalstoryaddssellablefloorspace,constructioncostsalsorise.Allbuildingsreachapointwhereaddinganextrafloorwillcostmoremoneythanitbrings.

“Everycitywantstohavethislandmarkthatgivesthatsenseofdistinctculture,”butitalsoneedsplacesforpeopletoliveandworkinurbansettings“withoutthe