土木中外文翻译.docx
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土木中外文翻译.docx
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土木中外文翻译
OnTheApplicationofHigh-PerformaneeConcrete
SummaryThehigh-performaneeconcreteisamaindirectionofthetechnicaldevelopmentofrecent
concrete,theforeignscholarhascalledthattheconcretein21stcentury.Norwaycarriedonresearchtothisatfirstin1986,namedformallyfromAmericanNationalStandard,technologicalresearchinstitute(NIST)
andaseminarhostedtogetherofAmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI)in1990.Conferencestipulatehigh-performaneeconcretetohavewhomsomeperformaneerequirehomogenizetheconcrete,mustadoptthe
strictconstructioncraft,adopthigh-qualitymaterialformulate,easytowatersmash,emanate,mechanicsperformaneesteady,earlyintensityhigh,withperformaneesuchastoughnessandvolumestabilitydurableconcrete,especiallysuitablefortheskyscraper,bridgeandopentothebuildingstructureoftheharshenvironment.
Keywordsconcrete;performance;engineering;application
1.Introduction
Recenthigh-performaneeconcreteisthemaindirectionofthedevelopmentofconcretetechnology,foreignscholarshavecalledthe21steenturyconcrete.Norwayin1986,thiswasthefirststudyin1990bytheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)andtheAmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI)ataseminarco-hostedaformalnaming.TheGeneralAssemblyforhigh-performaneeconcreteisacertainperformaneerequirementsoftheuniformqualityofconcrete,itmustadoptastrictconstructiontechnology,usinghigh-qualitymaterials,preparation,easeofpouringpound,non-segregation,mechanicalpropertiesandstability,highearlystrengthwithtoughnessandsizestabilitydurabilityperformaneeofconcrete,especiallyforhigh-risebuildings,bridges,andexposuretoharshenvironmentsinarchitecturalstructures.Asanintegratedhigh-performaneeconcretewithexcellenttechnicalcharacteristicsofmaterialsathomeandabroadhasarousedworldwideattentionwiththeengineeringandconcern.10years,theworld,manycountrieshaveinvestedagreatdealofmanpower,financialandmaterialresourcestoconducttheresearchanddevelopmentapplications,toenablehigh-performanceconcretetechnologyhasmadegreatprogressintheselectionofrawmaterials,mixdesign,physicalandmechanicalpropertiesof,durability,workability,structureandperformaneeaswellasapplicationoftechnologyhavemadeboththeoreticalbasisanditspracticalvalueofscientificandtechnologicalachievements.
In1993,thetechnicalcommitteeunderAmericanConcreteInstituteproposedanewhigh-performanceconcretewasdefined:
Meetprojectspecialvariousperformanceofrequirement,butincludingeasytowater,smashinsteadofemanating,highIong-termmechanicsperformance,highearlyintensity,highandtoughandtensileandhighvolumestability,ortheservicelifeintheharshenvironmentisforalongtime,andhomogenizinggoodconcrete.Inrecentyears,AmericanConcreteInstituteprovidesmoreconcisedefinitiononapieceofcharactersagain:
"Thehigh-performaneeconcreteisthatonekindcanaccordwithspecialperformanceandsynthesizetheconcretewiththehomogeneityrequirement,theconcretecangetwithregularconcretecomponentmaterialandcommonmixing,habitmethodsmashedandmaintainedtowateroften."High-performaneeconcrete,itisusedforsignifyingtheconcretewithhighworkdegree,highstrengthandhighdurabilitybeginning.Thiskindofconcretemustbedesignedandpossessechighvolumestability.
Forreduceconcreteshrinkanddofractureproducedtocontractwithtemperature,mustlimitthegroutcontentintheconcretemixture.Thehigh-performaneeconcreteamountoftotalgroutlimitedofdesignmethodofmatchratiothatMehtaandActcinputforwardis1/3oftheconcretevolume;Allowsomesilicatecementspendvolcanicashorhavegluepersonwhocongealtomix,shutmaterialreplace.AcTcinhasbeenprophesied:
Mixslay,flyash,silicaflour,inferiorclay,thericehusksdustandthreeyuanofthelimestonepowderandmixcementbesidescanmakethepreparationofthehigh-performaneeconcretemoreeconomicing,stillcangiveplaytoexceedingapileoffunctionofthem,improveitspropertywhilemixingandhardeningnewly.
2.Highperformaneeconcreteinmodernengineering
Highperformaneeeoncretetechnologyissuccessfullyusedinmanypartsoftheworldofoffshorestructuresandgrewupacrossthebridgeeonstruction,Langley,whodescribedgrowingupacrossafewbridgesinCanadawiththeworkability.Theyareusedinthegirder,mounddepartmentandmoundbase,itis450Kg/m3thatsilicaflourmixcementconsumption,water153L/m3,guideangrypharmaceutical160mL/m3andhigh-efficientwater-reducingagent3L/m3.Itsslumpisprobablyin200mm;Includes6.1%oftoleranee;1d,3d,28dcompressionstrengthare35,52and82MParespectively;Thefoundationandotherbigmixedcementeonsumptionofpiecesofeoncreteare307Kg/m3,flyash133Kg/m3,watereonsumptionisclose,butguidetheangrypharmaceuticalandmixingamountofhigh-efficientwater-reducingagenttoreducebyalargemargin,makeanappointmentin185mminslump;Ineludes7%oftoleranee;1d,3d,28dand90dcompressionstrengthare10,20,50and76MParespectively.AndwaterpermeabilityofU.S.A.andchlorineionfasttopermeatestandardmethodexperimentalresultindicateaccordingtoCanada:
Bothpartofeoncretespresentverylowpermeability.Tohigh-performaneeeoncreteeonstructionofstructure,need,putemphasison,strengthenon-the-spotlaboratorytestandinspectionofqualityverymuch.
Anotherareaofdevelopmentofhighperformaneeeoncreteisahighperformaneelightweighteoncrete,asopposedtosteel,ordinaryeoncretestrength/weightratioisverylow,mixedwithhigh-strengthconcretesuperplasticizerissignificantlyenhancedtheratio;withalargenumberoftinyholeslightweightaggregatetoreplacepartofthenormalaggregate,willbeabletofurtherimprovethisratio.Astheaggregatequalityofdifferentdensityof2000Kg/m3,compressivestrengthat70~80MPahigh-performaneelightweightconcreteinanumberofcountrieshavealreadycommercializedandusedincomponentproduction.InAustralia,Canada,Japan,NorwayandtheUnitedStates,high-performaneelightweightconcretehasbeenusedinfixedandfloatingdrillingplatform;becauseofmudandwater,theinterfacebetweentheaggregatebondstrength,itcanbeimpermeable,sotheerosionoftheenvironmentableisverydurable.
-Dopedsilicapowder10~15%orevenhighersuperplasticizerpreparedmixtureofcementconcrete,withexcellentadhesion,sothesprayappliedtothewetsprayingthestructuralrepairofconcrete,whichisoneoftheareasofhighperformaneeconcreteapplications.
2.1High-performaneeconcreteinhigh-risebuildingapplications.High-performanceconcrete(>40MPa)overthefirst30-storyhigh-risebuildingsusedforreinforcedconcretestructures,becausesuchbuildingsinthelowerthirdofthecolumns,usingordinaryconcretewhenthegreatcross-section.Inadditiontosavingsinmaterialcosts,ascomparedwiththesteelstructure,speedinguptheadoptionofconcretestructuresisanimportantfeature,sincetheUnitedStatesinChicagoin1965with50MPaconcretepouringLakePointTowersomeofthepillarshasbeeneverywhereinNorthAmericaandothercountriesusinghigh-performaneeconcretetobuildhigh-risebuilding.Chicago79-storyWaterTowerPlacebuildingcolumnsusing60MPaeoncrete;Toronto'sScotiaPlazaBuildingandSeattle'sTwounionSquareBuilding2Buildingsthen90and120MParespectivelyintensityofhigh-performanceconcretepillars.
Applicationexamples:
a.high-performanceconcreteapplicationofC80high-strengthandhigh-performanceconcreteinShenyangFangyuanBuilding,OnishiElectricPark,andmanyotherhigh-risebuildingintheapplicationofeoncretefilledsteeltubularcolumns.
b.ShanghaiResearchinthefieldofhighperformanceconcreteinalargenumberofpromisingresultsobtained,ofwhichrepresentativeresultsare:
China'stallestbuilding-88C40floorJinmaoToweroncepumpedto382.5m;TomorrowSquareslagpumpingC80eoncrete;inShanghaieducationTVstationbasedoncomplexbuildingmasseoncrete,cementconsumptionaccountedforonly46%ofthetotalcementitiousmaterials,preparationofthefullamountofconcreteslurry,eoncretework,cohesivenessandresistaneetosegregationareveryexcellentperformance,strengthofC40high-performanceconcrete.
2.2High-performaneepavementconcrete
a.High-performaneepavementconcretesignificaneeofthestudy
Withtheincreasingtrafficandtransportrequirementstodevelopthe"long-lifelow-maintenanceroad,"
Withhigh-performaneepavementconcrete,toimprovetheflexuralstrengthanddurabilityofconcreteisthecurrenttrendofdevelopmentofconcretepavement.
b.Overseasdevelopments
Heldin1997attheXVIInternationalConferenceonConcretePavement,pavementdesignproposednotonlytoraisetheaverageintensityofdemand,butalsomakethedurabilityrequirements.Madeinthedirectionoffuturedevelopmentofultra-hightensilestrengthupto17MPastrengthconcrete,forpavingcontinuousconcretepavement.Improvetheconcretepavementsurfacecompactnessandimpermeabilityareveryimportant,andthisisthroughhigh-performaneeconcretetoachieve.
c.High-performaneepavementeoncretestrength
High-performaneeeoncretepavementimportantfeatureisahighflexuralstrength.Usinghigh-performancepavementconcretecansignificantlyimprovethebearingcapacityofpavement,extendservicelife,orthinningthethicknessofpavementtoreducetheprojectcost.
d.High-pe
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