英语语言学考试十套题.docx
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英语语言学考试十套题.docx
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英语语言学考试十套题
英语语言学考试十套题
英语语言学试题
(1)
11、Chomskydefines"competence"astheidealuser'sk oftherulesofhislanguage.
12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb .
13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
14、As isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.
15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledc synonyms.
16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakerto
something'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.
17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc .
18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+is→he's),BlackEnglishcand theformof"be".
19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthec periodforfirstlanguageacquisition.
20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,i isaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.
I
()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.
()22、Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginboth
ChineseandEnglish.
()23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.This
indicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeanings
ofitscomponents.
()24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.
()25、Dialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialects
suchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithin
thevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmerican
English.
()26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolated
andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversational
implicaturesarise.
()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-Europeanlanguagesaremainlyspoken
todayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.
()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeech
situationsknownasdomains.
()29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,
speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.
()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirst
language.
二
11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw________toformacompletestatement,q________orcommand.
12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs__g________.
13.Utteranceisbasedon________ ________;itis therealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.
14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa________,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.
15.Consonantsoundscanbeeither v________orv__,whileallvowelsoundsarev________.
16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.( )
17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.( )
18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.( )
19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.( )
20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.( )
21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.( )
22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。
( )
23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.( )
24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.( )
25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.( )
30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview
31.maximsofqualityandmanner
32.blending
33.sociolect
34.subvocalspeech
35.contrastiveanalysis
英语语言学试题(3)
11.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalleda_s_______studyoflanguage.
12.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithany_o________whenasoundisproduced.
13.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwordsarecalled_b________morphemes.
14.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNP"theboywholikeshispuppy"consistsofDet,NandS,withDetbeingthe_s________,NtheheadandSthecomplement.
15.AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,"tosuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctor"shouldfallintothecategoryof_d________.
16.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismoregeneralinmeaningiscalled_s________.
17.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleisan_a________rule,which,forthemostpart,iscausedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanother.
18.Onemarkofaninformalstyleisthefrequentoccurrenceof_s________wordsandexpressions,whichmakesenseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroupsandserveasamarkofmembershipandsolidaritywithinagivensocialgroup.
19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called_h________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.
20.Linguistsoftenusethetermnativelanguageormothertongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and_t________languageinsteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguageacquisitionliterature.
21.( )Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.
22.( )Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.
23.( )Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.
24.( )Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombininglexicalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrulesthatarrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.
25.( )Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,"female"occursonlyinnounssuchas"mother","woman""girl""tigress"andsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.
26.( )AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.
27.( )Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;thatis,ignorancesometimescanbecreative.Thus"peddle"wasderivedfrom"peddler"onthemistakenassumptionthatthe"-er"wastheagentivesuffix.
28.( )WomeninWesterncountriesatleastappeartobemorestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocialsignificanceofcertainlinguisticvariables.
29.( )ThecaseofGenieconfirmsthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodandconsequently,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop.
30.( )Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoesensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediateguidanceforactualperformance.
英语语言学试题(5)
11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas________study.
12.Whenpitch, stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation, theyarecollectivelyknownasi________.
13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword, a________aredividedintotwokinds:
prefixesandsuffixes.
14.P________referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.
15.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions.
16.Theu________meaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.
17.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree, andtoreconstructthep________, theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.
18.R________arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.
19.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage. Thisisknownaslanguaget________.
20.ArelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessofadaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community. Thisadaptationprocessiscalleda________.
21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.( )
22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme, thusmakingthetwophonessimilar.( )
23.Semantically, themeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic, alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.( )
24.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformationalrules, whoseoperationmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.( )
25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.( )
26.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.( )
27.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish, MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.( )
28.Whenpeopleofacommunityspeakthesamelanguagefordifferentpur
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