职称英语理工B试题及答案.docx

职称英语理工B试题及答案.docx

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职称英语理工B试题及答案

∙2014职称英语《理工B》真题及答案（代码22）

　　第一部分：

词汇选项

　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

　　1.Themajorityofpeoplearoundherearedecent.

　　A.real

　　B.honest

　　C.normal

　　D.wealthy

　　答案：

D

　　2.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoorigid.

　　A.hidden

　　B.traditional

　　C.inflexible

　　D.official

　　答案：

C

　　3.Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation.

　　A.furnish

　　B.copy

　　C.publish

　　D.summarize

　　答案：

A

　　4.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingoflet-down.

　　A.excitement

　　B.disappointment

　　C.anger

　　D.calm

　　答案：

B

　　5.Severalwindowshadbeensmashed.

　　A.cleaned

　　B.replaced

　　C.fixed

　　D.broken

　　答案：

D

　　6.Theworstagoniesofthewarwerenowbeginning.

　　A.pains

　　B.parts

　　C.aspects

　　D.results

　　答案：

A

　　7.Londonquicklybecameaflourishingport.

　　A.major

　　B.large

　　C.successful

　　D.commercial

　　答案：

C

　　8.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.

　　A.homework

　　B.justice

　　C.model

　　D.act

　　答案：

D

　　9.Heledaverymorallife.

　　A.human

　　B.intelligent

　　C.natural

　　D.honourable

　　答案：

D

　　10.Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear.

　　A.sincere

　　B.respectful

　　C.empty

　　D.terrible

　　答案：

C

　　11.Itwasamajicnightuntilthespellwasbroken.

　　A.time

　　B.charm

　　C.space

　　D.opportunity

　　答案：

B

　　12.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16years.

　　A.started

　　B.changed

　　C.moved

　　D.lasted

　　答案：

D

　　13.Theyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentsystem.

　　A.discover

　　B.prove

　　C.consider

　　D.imagine

　　答案：

A

　　14.HisknowledgeofFrenchisfair.

　　A.veryuseful

　　B.verylimited

　　C.quitegood

　　D.ratherspecial

　　答案：

B

　　15.Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.

　　A.limit

　　B.regulate

　　C.oppose

　　D.support

　　答案：

D

∙　第二部分：

阅读判断

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

　　SoMany'Earths'

　　TheMilkyWay（银河）containsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlife　that’sthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatethatcamefromNASA’stop　planet-huntingtelescope.

　　AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspacetelescopeoutofservice.Kepler　hadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdata　havebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.The　telescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseon　Earth.

　　Theauthorsofastudy,publishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof　sciences,concludethatbetween14and30outofevery100stars,withamassand　temperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.

　　SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth’s,butnomorethantwice　thatbig.Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar’shabitablezone.That’swherethe　surfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.

　　Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfrom　studyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolate（推算）totherestofthestarsthatthe　telescopecouldnotsee.

　　Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwould　defineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfar　awayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike（althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistant　past）.Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100　SunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400　daystocompleteayearlyorbit.

　　Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn’tsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,　however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswitha　changeforlife.

　　16.TheKeplerspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　答案：

C

　　17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarconditionstoEarth’s.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　答案：

A

　　18.TheplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanEarth.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　答案：

B

　　19.TheEarthisplanetorbitingintheSun’shabitablezone.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　答案：

A

　　20.Thenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyWay.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　答案：

B

　　21.Theestimateofthenumberofplanetsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryaccurate.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　答案：

A

　　22.Thisisthefirstresearchfindingabouttheplanetswithachanceforlife.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　答案：

C

∙　第三部分：

概括大意与完成句子

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：

（1）1-4题　要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;

（2）第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

　　ClimateChange:

TheLongReach

　　1.Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There‘smorecarbonintheair,andArcticice　ismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmentto　bettergauge（评估）.Earth’sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.

　　2.Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxide　released,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn’tslow,　thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears-andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.

　　3.Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat’sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.　Duringthattime,changesintheplanet’senvironmentcouldnudge（推动）globalwarming　evenhigher.Forexample:

Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,　sunlightcannowreach--andwarm–theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheair　temperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggeration　ofimpactsiscalleda‘fastfeedback’.

　　4.Zeebesaysit’simportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However,headds,they’relimited.　Fromaclimatechangeperspective,‘Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenext　fewgenerations’,hetoldScienceNews“Buttheworldisnotendingin2100”.Forhisnew　study.Zeebehowfocuseson“slowfeedbacks”.Whilefastfeedbackeventsunfoldoverdecadesorcenturies,slowfeedbackscantakethousandsofyears.Meltingofcontinentalicesheetsandthemigrationofplantlife---astheyrelocatetomorecomfortableareas---aretwoexamplesof　slowfeedbacks.

　　5.Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocessesplayedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Then　hecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius（8.1degree　Fahrenheit）changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5℃--　fora6totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatslowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafter　peoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.

　　23.Paragraph2________答案：

B

　　24.Paragraph3________答案：

C

　　25.Paragraph4________答案：

F

　　26.Paragraph5________答案：

A

　　A.Apredictionoffutureclimatechange

　　B.Impactofburningfossilfuels

　　C.Fastfeedbacks

　　D.Unpredictabilityoffeedbackprocesses

　　E.Risingofsealevels

　　F.Slowfeedbacks

　　27.Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin_______答案：

F

　　28.Meltingofsnowandiceenablessunlighttoreach________答案：

E

　　29.Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionbyanalyzing________答案：

D

　　30.Afterfossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor________答案：

B

　　A.rapidexaggerationofimpacts

　　B.averylongtime

　　C.theextraheat

　　D.previouslypublishedstudies

　　E.theexposedground

　　F.recordedhistory

∙　第三部分：

概括大意与完成句子

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：

（1）1-4题　要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;

（2）第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

　　ClimateChange:

TheLongReach

　　1.Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There‘smorecarbonintheair,andArcticice　ismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmentto　bettergauge（评估）.Earth’sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.

　　2.Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxide　released,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn’tslow,　thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears-andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.

　　3.Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat’sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.　Duringthattime,changesintheplanet’senvironmentcouldnudge（推动）globalwarming　evenhigher.Forexample:

Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,　sunlightcannowreach--andwarm–theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheair　temperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggeration　ofimpactsiscalleda‘fastfeedback’.

　　4.Zeebesaysit’simportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However,headds,they’relimited.　Fromaclimatechangeperspective,‘Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenext　fewgeneratio