最全雅思流程图汇总.docx
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最全雅思流程图汇总.docx
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最全雅思流程图汇总
一
∙Thediagramsbelowshowthestagesandequipmentusedinthecement-makingprocess,andhowcementisusedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.
∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparsonswherereleant.
∙Thefirstdiagramindicatesthestagesandequipmentintheprocessofmakingcement,andthesecondoneillustrateshowcementandothermaterialsaremixedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.
∙Cementproductioninvolvesthefollowingsteps.Thefirststepistoputlimestoneandclayontwodifferentconveyors.Then,thesetwotypesofmaterialsarepressedintothecrusherwhichbreaksthemintopowder. Afterthat,thepowderispouredintoamixer,andthenmixturesaretransmittedintoarotatingheaterwhichworkswithheat.Thefollowingstepisthatabandcarrierleadstheheatedpowdertoagrinderwherethecementcomesout.Finally,cementispackedintobags,andtheprocessisfinished.
∙Concreteproductionismuchmoresimple.Fourdifferentkindsofmaterialsareneededindifferentproportion.Gravelaccountsforthelargestpart,at50%,followedbysand,whichis25%.Cementandwatercontributes15%and10%respectively.Thefourmaterialsarethenmixedandpouredintoaconcretemixerandafteraperiodofwhirling,concreteisproduced.
∙Inconclusion,makingcementhasmorecomplexprocessthanmakingconcretethoughconcreteneedsmorematerialsthancement.
二
∙Thediagramsbelowshowthelifecycleofthesilkwormandthestagesintheproductionofsilkcloth.
∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.
∙Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.
∙Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.
三
∙Theflowchartbelowshowshowchewinggumismade.
∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Thediagramshowshowchewinggumisproduced.Firstlytheingredientsofgumareputintoacontainerandwasheateduntiltheyformasinglemass.Thisisthenstraineduntilalloftheliquidhasbeeneliminated.Next,thegumispassedintoanothercontainer/placeandthedesiredflavorings,sweetenersandsoftenersareaddedThismixtureisblendeduntilalloftheingredientsaremixedtogether.Thegumthentravels/passestoadifferentmachinewhichusesrollerstoflattenoutthegum.Finallythethinsheetsofgumarecutintorectangularshapesandbrokenintoseparatepiecesthenthegumpasses/travelsalongaconveyorbeltwhereitisenclosedinpackagingreadyfordistribution.
四
∙Thediagrambelowshowshowfruitiscanned.
∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Thediagramshowstheprocessofcanningfreshfruit.Firstthefruitispickedfromtreesbyhand.Itisthentransportedtothecannerybylargetrucks.Atthecannerythefruitiswashedandqualitychecked,andanypoorqualityfruitisrejected.Thegoodqualityfruitisputintocoldstorage.Whenitisreadyforcanningthefruitisweighedandgraded.Thegradingensuresthatfruitofasimilarsizeiskepttogether.Afterthisthefruitispeeledandthecoresareremoved.Itisthenslicedintotherequiredsizesandputintocans.Juiceorsyrupisalsoaddedtothecans.Oncethecanshavebeenfilled,theyaresealedandcookedoverheattoensurethatthecansaresterilized.Whenthecansarecool,labelsareattachedandtheyareplacedintostorages.Thecannedfruitisnowreadytobedespatchedtosupermarketsandsold.
五
∙Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessofmakingchocolate.
∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Chocolate'svariedflavours,colours,shapesandtexturesresultfromdifferentrecipetraditions.Whichhaveevolvedindifferentpartsoftheworld.Theessentialingredientinallchocolateiscocoa,whichismadefromthecream-colouredbeansthatgrowinpodsonthecacaotree.Thecacaotree,whichgrowsinequatorialregionssuchasSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesiaproducesafruitaboutthesizeofasmallpineapple,Insidewhicharethetree'sseeds.
∙Afterharvesting,thecocoabeansarcremovedfromthepodsandpiledinheapsthatareleftforseveraldaystodry.Thedriedbeansarethentransportedtofactorieswheretheyaresortedandroasted.Theshellsarethenremovedandthebeansaregroundintochocolateliquor-athickbrownliquidwhichformsasolidataboutroomtemperature.Thisliquorcontainsahighpercentageoffat(cocoabutter),whichisremovedbyusingpresses.Thesolidblockofcocoathatremainsisthenmadeintoapowderwhichcanbeusedtomakeahotchocolatedrink,orismixedbackwithsomeofthecocoabutter,sugarandotherflavoursuchasvanillatomakethedifferentkindsofchocolate.
六
∙Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustry.
∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙
∙Theprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustrycanbeoutlinedinsevenconsecutivesteps.
∙Firsttherawmaterial,clay,whichliesjustbelowthesurfaceofsoilincertainclay-richareashastobedugupbyadigger.
∙Thenthelumpsofclayareplacedonametalgrid,inordertobreakupthebigchunksofclayintomuchsmallerones,whichfallthroughthemetalgridontoaroller,whosemotionfurthersegregatesthebitsofclay.Sandandwaterareaddedtomakeahomogenousmixture,whichistheneitherformedinmouldsorcutintobrick-shapedpiecesbymeansofawirecutter.
∙Thesefreshbricksarethenkeptinadryingovenforatleast24andamaximumof48hours,severaldozensifnothundredsofbricksatatime.Thedriedbricksarethentransferredtoaalso-calledkiln,anothertypeofhightemperatureof200℃-980℃,thenatahightemperatureof870℃-1300℃.Thisprocessisfollowedbycoolingdownthefinishedbricksfor48to72hoursinacoolingchamber.
∙Oncethebrickshavebeencooleddownandhavebecomehard,theygetpackagedanddeliveredtotheirfinaldestination,beitabuildingsiteorstorage.
七
∙Thediagramsbelowshowtheprocessofhowuraniumisusedintheproductionofnuclearpower.
∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Thisdiagramdescribeshowuraniumismined,processed,usedandthendiscarded.
∙Uraniumisfoundunderthegroundandsoitmustbemined.Oncethemineduraniumhasbeenextracted,itistakentoaprocessingcentre.Heretheuraniumisconvertedintoaformthatcanbeusedasafuelinanuclearpowerstation.Todothis,theuraniumischangedintoagasandenrichedbeforeitisreformedasU-235fuelpellets.
∙Thefuelpelletsarethenusedinnuclearpowerstationstoprovideupto7billionkilowattsofelectricityfromjustonestation.Afterthefuelhasbeenusedforaboutfouryearsitisremovedfromthepowerstationandstored.Someoftheusedfuelcanbere-processedandre-usedinapowerstationtoproducemoreelectricity.
∙Finally,oldstoredfuelthatcannotbere-processedisputintostainlesssteelcontainersandthenburieddeepintheground.
八
∙Theillustrationsbelowshowhowchocolateisproduced.
∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.
∙Thediagramshowsthestagesintheprocessofmakingchocolate.
∙Chocolatecomesfromthecacaotree,whichisgrowninpartsofSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesia.Thetreeproduceslargeredpodswhichcontainwhitecocoabeans. Firstly,whenthepodsareripe,theyareharvested.Thebeansareremovedandtheyarefermentedforseveraldaysinlargewoodenboxes.Duringthefermentingprocess,thebeansturnbrown.
∙Next,thebrownbeansarespreadinthesuntodry.Theyarethenputinlargesacksandtransportedbytrainorlorry.Afterthis,thebeansaretakentoachocolatefactorywheretheyareroastedinanovenattemperaturesofbetween250and350degreeCelsius.
∙Afterbeingroasted,thebeansarecrushedandtheoutershellisremoved.Finally,theinnerpartofthebeanispressedandliquidchocolateisproduced.
九
∙Thediagrambelowshowshowbananachipsaremade.
∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Theflowchartshowshowbananachipsaremade.First,thebananasarepeeledbyaspecialmachineandthentheyarerinsedinwater.Nextthecleanbananasareputintoachippingmachinewheretheyareslicedintothinchips.Afterthistheyaredistributed.Oncetheyaredry,thebananachipsaresoakedinhotoilinlargedeepfatfryers.Thecookedbananachipsarefriedfromthefryersusingaspecialsievewhichallowsalloftheoiltodrain
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