高考一本解决方案高考英语复习考点题组训练专题七选五.docx
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高考一本解决方案高考英语复习考点题组训练专题七选五.docx
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高考一本解决方案高考英语复习考点题组训练专题七选五
专题13七选五
(2016·新课标Ⅰ)
主题:
密码的设置 词数:
192
Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.
Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.__1__Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.
Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.__2__Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”
__3__Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let'snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”
Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.__4__Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me”.Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”__5__However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.
A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.
B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.
C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.
D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.
E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.
F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.
G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。
密码在银行、公司、政府等各个领域有着广泛的应用。
本文主要介绍了密码设置的三种方式。
1.D 根据空后“Codebreakingneverlagsfarbehindcodemaking.”可知,有密码的设置就有破译密码的存在,故D项“Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.(只要有密码存在,人们就设法破解它)”可以承接上下文。
2.E 根据空前“Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.”及后面举的例子可知,本空应介绍设置密码的第一种方式:
要隐藏一条信息,可以用每个单词的首字母来组成密码,故选E项。
3.G 根据空后“Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber...”及后面的内容可以判断,这是介绍密码设置的另一种方法,即将字母表中字母排列顺序转化为数字信息,故G项符合语境。
4.F 根据空前“Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.”可知,你需要借用解码书来找出密码所对应的意思,F项“有了解码书,你就可以写下代表着别的词语的密码”符合语境。
5.A 根据上文及下一句“However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.”可知,上一句与下一句是转折关系,故A项“没有解码书很难完成解密工作”符合语境。
(2016·新课标Ⅱ)
主题:
如何装饰花园 词数:
204
Agardenthat'sjustrightforyou
Haveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(总和)ofitsparts?
__1__.Butitdoesn'thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.
·__2__
Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).__3__.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.
·Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemories
Ourmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportant.__4__—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.__5__.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrownupgarden.Havefun.
A.Knowwhyyougarden
B.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden
C.It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters
D.It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowers
E.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants
F.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,too
G.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave
【语篇导读】 本文介绍了两条装饰花园的建议:
1.弄清楚你为什么要搞园艺;2.回忆你以前看到过的花园。
1.F 根据设空处前后句的句意“你是否参观过使你感觉非常好的花园?
”和“但是,这并不是偶然发生的。
”可知,F项“你也可以把你的花园装饰得如此怡人”使得上下文语意连贯,衔接紧密。
2.A 此处缺少主题句。
根据本段倒数第二句“However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.”可知,本段主要讲要弄清楚你为什么要搞园艺。
故选A项。
3.E 本段介绍人们对于园艺的观点:
有些人认为花园只是指一些花花草草;有些人关心少用水、少用肥料的园艺方法。
设空处仍然在说明人们对园艺不同的看法。
故E项“还有其他一些人只是喜欢待在户外,接触植物”承接上文。
4.C 根据设空处前一句“……不重要”可知,强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。
故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。
5.G 根据本段内容及主题句“Recallyourchildhoodmemories”可知,如果自己装饰一个花园,要回忆一下自己小时候所看到的那些花园,并把这些花园的优点写下来,然后制订计划并把自己以前的记忆变成美丽的花园。
故G项符合语境。
【长难句分析】 Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.它从听从你内心的想法开始,明白了对自然世界而言你是谁和你是如何完成园艺工作的过程。
whoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess为and连接的两个并列的宾语从句,作understanding的宾语。
(2016·新课标Ⅲ)
主题:
如何挑鱼和烹饪 词数:
183
Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.__1__Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon'tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn'tdifficult.__2__Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.
__3__Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:
youshouldfeelthatyou'restandingattheocean'sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn'tfresh.__4__Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn'tastastyasthefreshone.
Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.__5__First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(调料).Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.(Alargeronewilltakemoretime.)Then,it'sreadytoserve.
A.Donotbuyit.
B.Theeasiestistosteamit.
C.Thisishowyoucandoit.
D.Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.
E.Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.
F.Whenbuyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.
G.Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.
【语篇导读】 吃鱼对身体有好处,因为鱼的脂肪可以预防心脏方面的疾病。
文章介绍了如何挑选新鲜的鱼和鱼的烹饪方法。
1.G 前一句提到鱼对身体有好处,后一句说似乎许多人不在家做鱼。
由此可知,所填的句子是对身体有好处的内容,G项符合语境。
2.D 根据前一句的“Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn'tdifficult.”可知,D项“它只需要很少的知识”与语意相符。
3.F 根据下文的“Freshfishshouldsmellsweet”可知,此处谈的是买鱼时要首先闻一下鱼,所以选F项。
4.A 这里谈论的是买鱼,鱼有了味道,证明鱼不新鲜了,所以不要买,故A项承接前一句内容。
5.B 根据下文的“Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamit...”可知,谈论的是蒸鱼的方法,所以选B项。
【长难句分析】 Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.当你买了鱼拿回家后,如果不立刻烹饪,最好放在冰箱里,但是新鲜的鱼只能在冰箱里储存一两天。
本句结构比较复杂。
when引导的是时间状语从句,主句是you'dbetterstore...,该句和butfreshfishshouldbe...是转折关系,if引导的是条件状语从句。
(2016·四川)
主题:
女性寿命更长的原因 词数:
195
Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.__1__Ingeneral,theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.
Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.__2__Betweentheagesofabout12and50,womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility(生育能力).Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.
__3__Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygetsicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:
women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.
__4__Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman'sbodycellshaveatendency(倾向)toagemoreslowlythanaman's.Othersthinkthataman'sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.__5__
A.However,women,onaverage,livelonger.
B.Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.
C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.
D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.
E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.
F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife.
G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolvariousbodyfunctions.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了女性比男性寿命更长的原因。
1.A 根据下句“Ingeneral,theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.”可知,本空应说明“女性比男性寿命更长”,故A项符合语境。
2.G 根据上句“Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.”可知,导致女性寿命更长的原因之一是男女荷尔蒙的不同,而空后内容介绍了荷尔蒙对于女性的作用,故应选G项。
3.D 根据下句“Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.”可知,本段讲女性荷尔蒙在保护女性健康方面的作用,故选D项。
4.C 根据下句中的“Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging...”可知,本段讲女性基因和寿命的关系,故选C项。
5.E 根据上两句“Somethinkthatawoman'sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemoreslowlythanaman's.Othersthinkthataman'sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.”可知,人们对男女身体细胞和年龄的关系有两种猜测,E项“最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能性”符合语境,故选E项。
(2016·北京)
主题:
冒险 词数:
264
TheScienceofRiskSeeking
Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.__1__Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?
Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.
Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risktakerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.__2__Asthequalityofrisktakingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.
Sowhyaren'twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?
Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisktakingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,along
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