常用中西餐菜谱大全中英对照.docx
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常用中西餐菜谱大全中英对照.docx
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常用中西餐菜谱大全中英对照
1.常见的用料
●鸡chicken 鸭 duck 鹅goose
●鱼类fish 肉类meat猪肉pork
●牛肉beef小牛肉veal羊肉mutton
●小羊肉lamb牛尾oxtail里脊fillet
●排骨spareribs腰子kidney肚子tripe
●肝liver舌tongue 内脏offal
●蹄子trotter 胗gizzard鸡什giblets
●鹿肉venison鸡脯chickenbreast
●甲鱼turtle海味seafood
●虾shrimp 干贝scallop
●螃蟹crab 鱿鱼 squid
●海蛰jellyfish黄鳝finlesseel
●海螺whelk 野味game
●兔rabbit 鸽pigeon
●鹌鹑quail 龙虾lobster
●牡蛎 oyster 田螺snail
●田鸡frog蛇snake腌肉bacon
●香肠sausage 火腿 ham
●熊掌bear’spaw
●鱼翅shark’sfin 燕窝bird’snest
2.煮前的准备工作
●去骨boning
●例如,去骨鸭掌
●打鳞 scaling
●例如,去鳞鱼scaledfish
剥/去皮skinning
●例如,去皮田鸡 skinnedfrogs
脱壳shelling
●例如,虾仁 shelledshrimps
腌制pickling
●例如,咸酸菜 pickledvegetables
3.常用刀法及用料形状
●
(1)常用刀法
●切片 slice 切丝shred
●切丁dice 切柳 fillet 切碎mince
●捣烂mash 酿入stuff
●
(2)常用用料形状
●肉/鱼片slicedmeat/fish或meat/fishslices
●肉丝shreddedmeat或porkshreds
●肉/鸡丁dicedpork/chicken或meat/chickencubes
●肉末mincedmeat
●肉丸meatballs
●肉馅meatfilling
●4.中餐菜单翻译法
●
(1)直译法。
英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。
●如:
炖牛肉StewedBeef
●
(2)直译加注法。
英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。
●如:
●狮子头Lion’sHead——PorkMeatBalls
●全家福HappyFamily——Acombinationofshrimps,pork,beef,chicken,lobsterandmixedvegetableswithbrownsauce
●(3)意译法。
此法可分为三种情况:
●1)原料+with+作料。
以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with或in与作料构成的短语即可。
如:
●海米白菜 ChineseCabbagewithDriedShrimps
●鱼香肉丝 ShreddedPorkwithGarlicSauce
●2)作料+原料。
即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。
如:
●咖喱牛肉CurryBeef 古老肉 Sweet&SourPork
●3)以“实”对“虚”法。
即舍去中菜名里的喻义,夸张等说法而用平直,明白的英语译出。
如:
●发财好市 BlackMossCookedwithOysters
●彩凤喜迎春BakedChickenandFriedQuailEggs
●蚂蚁上树VermicelliwithSpicyMincedPork
●龙虎凤大烩ThickSoupofSnake,CatandChicken
●4)“移花接木”法。
借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。
译文地道,通俗易懂,能收到事半功倍的效果。
如:
●烤排骨 BarbecuedSpareRibs
●饺子 Chinese-styleRavioli略有馅的水饺
●5)音译加释义法。
先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味”。
●如:
包子Baozi——StuffedBun
●馒头Mantou——SteamedBread
●6)“随机应变”法:
原料+地名+Style。
应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名。
英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。
如:
●广东龙虾LobsterCantoneseStyle
●麻婆豆腐BeanCurdSichuanStyle
5.中餐常见的烹调方法
●中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离:
●煮(boiling),煲/炖(stewing),
●烧/焖/烩(braising),煎(frying),
●炒(stir-frying),爆(quick-frying),
●炸(deep-frying),
●扒(fryingandsimmering),
●煸(sautéing),煨(simmering),
●熏(smoking),烤(roasting/barbecuing),
●烘(baking),蒸(steaming),白灼(scalding)等基本方法。
●煮boiled. 如“煮咸牛肉”(BoiledCornedBeef)
●
煲/炖stewed. 如“清炖牛尾”(StewedOxTailinClearSoup)
●烧braised. 如“红烧牛蹄” (BraisedOxTrottersinBrownSauce)
●煎(pan-)fried. 如“煎明虾”(FriedPrawns)
●
炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁” (Stir-FriedChickenDices)
●
爆quick-fried. 如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-friedlambwithScallioninGingerSauce)
●炸deep-fried.如“炸大虾”(Deep-friedprawns)
●扒friedandsimmered. 如“虾子扒海参”(FriedandSimmeredSeaCucumberwithShrimpsRoe)
●煸sautéed. 如“干煸鳝鱼”(SautéedEelSlices)
●煨simmered.如“煨牛肉”(SimmeredBeef)
●焖braised 如“黄酒焖猪排” (Braisedporkchopsinricewine)
●烩braised如“烩鸡丝”(Braisedchickenshredswithpeas)
●熏smoked如“熏鱼”(SmokedFish)
●烘baked 如“烘鸽”(BakedPigeon)
●蒸steamed如“蒸鲜鱼”(SteamedFreshFish)
●酱/醋marinated如“酱鸡”(MarinatedChicken)
●卤spicy;stewedingravy 如“卤鸭”(SpicyDuck)
●涮instant-boiled 如“涮羊肉”(Instant-BoiledMuttonSlices)
●酿stuffed如“酿青椒”(StuffedGreenPepper)
●烤roast;barbecued 如“烤鹅”(RoastGoose)
●白灼/微煮scalded 如“白灼海虾”(ScaldedPrawns)
●红烧braisedinbrownsauce 如“红烧蹄筋”(BraisedPorkTendoninBrownSauce)
●干烧inpeppersauce 如“干烧干贝”(ScallopinPepperSauce)
●麻辣withhotpepper 如“麻辣豆腐”(BeanCurdwithHotPepper/SpiceBeanCurd)
●酱爆inbeansauce 如“酱爆肉丁”(DicedPorkinBeanSauce)
●鱼香in(spicy)garlicsauce 如“鱼香肉丝”(ShreddedPorkinGarlicSauce)
●糖醋withsweetandsoursauce如“糖醋排骨”(SpareribswithSweetandSourSauce)
●宫保withchiliandpeanuts如“宫保鸡丁”(DicedChickenwithChiliandPeanuts)
●脆皮crisp(inspicysauce)如“脆皮鱼”(CrispFish)
●清蒸steamed(inclearsoup)如“清蒸桂鱼”(SteamedMandarinFish)
●清炖stewedinclearsoup 如“清炖甲鱼”(StewedTurtleinClearSoup)
●香酥crispfried如“香酥鸡”(CrispFriedChicken)
●焦熘friedinsauce如“焦熘鱼片”(FriedFishSlicesinSauce)
●甜酸sweetandsour如“甜酸肉”(Sweet&SourPork)
●胡辣withpepperandchili如“胡辣海参”(SeaSlugwithPepperandChili)
●油淋drip-friedwithoil 如“油淋兔”(Drip-FriedRabbitwithoil)
●干煸dry-sautéed如“干煸季豆”(Dry-sautéedStringBeans)
●盐水boiledinsaltwater如“盐水虾”(BoiledShrimpsinSaltWater)
●家常homestyle 如“家常豆腐”(BeanCurdHomeStyle)
●陈皮withspicyorangepeel如“陈皮鸡”(ChickeninSpicyOrangePeel)
●回锅double-sautéed如“回锅肉”(Double-sautéedPorkSlices)
●五香spiced 如“五香牛肉”(SpicedBeef)
●干炸drydeep-fried如“干炸羊肉”(DryDeep-friedLambBreast)
●软炸softdeep-fried如“软炸里脊”(Soft-friedPorkFillet)
●酥炸crispdeep-fried如“酥炸羊脯”(CrispFriedLambBreast)
●砂锅incasserole 如“砂锅鱼翅”(Shark’sFininCasserole)
●锅巴withsizzling/crispyricecrust如“锅巴海参”(SeaSlugwithSizzling/CrispyRiceCrust)
●芙蓉witheggwhite 如“芙蓉海参”(SeaCucumberswithEggwhite)
●麻酱withsesamepaste如“麻酱海参”(Beche-de-merwithSesamePaste)
●三鲜withtwootherdelicacies如“三鲜海参”(SeaCucumberswithOtherTwoDelicacies)
●醋溜indistilledgrainssauce如“醋溜鸡片”(SlicedChickeninDistilledGrainsSauce)
●串烤skewered如“串烤羊肉青椒” (SkeweredMuttonwithGreenPepper)
●铁扒grilled如“铁扒乳鸽”(GrilledBabyPigeon)
●烧烤roast如“烤乳猪”(RoastSucklingPig)
●凉拌insoysauce如“凉拌海蛰”(JellyfishinSoySauce)
●酸辣hotandsour如“酸辣黄瓜”(HotandSourCucumber)
●姜汁ingingersauce如“姜汁扁豆”(SnapBeansinGingerSauce)
●蚝油inoystersauce如“蚝油香菇”(MushroomsinOysterSauce)
●蒜泥withmashedgarlic如“蒜泥胡豆”(BroadBeanswithMashedGarlic)
●什锦mixed;assorted 如“什锦丝冬粉”(AssortedShredswithVermicelli)
●茄汁intomatosauce 如“茄汁鸡脯” (ChickenBreastinTomatoSauce)
●咖喱withcurry如“咖喱牛肉”(FriedBeefwithyCurry)
●八宝(stuffed)witheightdelicacies 如“八宝鸡”(ChickenStuffedwithEightDelicacies)
●葱爆quick-friedwithscallioningingersauce 如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-friedLambwithScallioninGingerSauce)
●粉蒸steamedinriceflour 如“粉蒸牛肉”(SteamedBeefinRiceFlour)
●奶油increamsauce如“奶油鱼肚”(FriedFishMawinCreamSauce)
●木犀withscrambledeggsandfungus 如“木犀肉”(FriedPorkwithScrambledEggsandFungus)
●醉liquor-preserved如“醉蟹”(Liquor-preservedCrabs)
●辣味inchilisauce 如“辣味烩虾”(BraisedPrawnsinRiceWine)
●豆豉inblackbeansauce如“豆豉桂鱼”(MandarinFishinBlackBeanSauce)
●黄焖braisedinricewine如“黄焖大虾”(BraisedPrawnsinRiceWine)
●椒盐withpepperandsalt 如“椒盐排骨”(SpareRibswithPepperandSalt)
●怪味multi-flavored如“怪味鸡”(Multi-flavoredChicken)
中国小吃英文表达
●中式早點
烧饼Clayovenrolls
油条Friedbreadstick
韭菜盒Friedleekdumplings
水饺Boileddumplings
蒸饺Steameddumplings
馒头Steamedbuns
割包Steamedsandwich
饭团Riceandvegetableroll
蛋饼Eggcakes
皮蛋100-yearegg
咸鸭蛋Saltedduckegg
豆浆Soybeanmilk
●饭类
●稀饭Riceporridge
白饭Plainwhiterice
油饭Glutinousoilrice
糯米饭Glutinousrice
卤肉饭Braisedporkrice
蛋炒饭Friedricewithegg
地瓜粥Sweetpotatocongee
●面类
●馄饨面Wonton&noodles
刀削面Slicednoodles
麻辣面Spicyhotnoodles
麻酱面Sesamepastenoodles
鴨肉面Duckwithnoodles
鱔魚面Eelnoodles
乌龙面Seafoodnoodles
榨菜肉丝面Pork,pickledmustardgreennoodles
牡蛎细面Oysterthinnoodles
板条Flatnoodles
米粉Ricenoodles
炒米粉Friedricenoodles
冬粉Greenbeannoodle
●汤类
●鱼丸汤Fishballsoup
貢丸汤Meatballsoup
蛋花汤Egg&vegetablesoup
蛤蜊汤Clamssoup
牡蛎汤Oystersoup
紫菜汤Seaweedsoup
酸辣汤Sweet&soursoup
馄饨汤Wontonsoup
猪肠汤Porkintestinesoup
肉羹汤Porkthicksoup
鱿鱼汤Squidsoup
花枝羹Squidthicksoup
●甜点
爱玉Vegetariangelatin
糖葫芦Tomatoesonsticks
长寿桃LongevityPeaches
芝麻球Glutinousricesesameballs
麻花Hempflowers
双胞胎Horsehooves
●冰类
绵绵冰Meinmeinice
麦角冰Oatmealice
地瓜冰Sweetpotatoice
紅豆牛奶冰Redbeanwithmilkice
八宝冰Eighttreasuresice
豆花Tofupudding
●果汁
甘蔗汁Sugarcanejuice
酸梅汁Plumjuice
杨桃汁Starfruitjuice
青草茶Herbjuice
●点心
牡蛎煎Oysteromelet
臭豆腐Stinkytofu(Smellytofu)
油豆腐Oilybeancurd
麻辣豆腐Spicyhotbeancurd
虾片Prawncracker
虾球Shrimpballs
春卷Springrolls
蛋卷Chickenrolls
碗糕Saltyricepudding
筒仔米糕Ricetubepudding
红豆糕Redbeancake
绿豆糕Beanpastecake
糯米糕Glutinousricecakes
萝卜糕Friedwhiteradishpatty
芋头糕Tarocake
肉圆TaiwaneseMeatballs
水晶饺Pyramiddumplings
肉丸Rice-meatdumplings
豆干Driedtofu
●其他
当归鸭Angelicaduck
槟榔Betelnut
火锅Hotpot
●
●
西餐(WesternFood)
头盘及沙拉类
腌熏三文鱼SmokedSalmon腌三文鱼MarinatedSalmonwithLemonandCapers
凯撒沙拉CaesarSalad鲜蘑鸡肝批ChickenLiverTerrinewithMorels
●奶酪瓤蟹盖BakedStuffedCrabShell鲜果海鲜沙拉SeafoodSaladwithFreshFruit
●厨师沙拉Chef'sSalad金枪鱼沙拉TunaFishSalad尼斯沙拉SaladNicoise
汤类
奶油蘑菇汤CreamofMushroomSoup奶油胡萝卜汤CreamofCarrotSoup
●奶油芦笋汤CreamofAsparagusSoup番茄浓汤TraditionalTomatoSoup
●海鲜周打汤SeafoodChowder法式洋葱汤FrenchOnionSoup
●牛肉清汤BeefConsommé匈牙利浓汤HungarianBeefGoulash
香浓牛尾汤OxtailSoup意大利蔬菜汤MinestroneSoup蔬菜干豆汤HeartyLentilSoup
牛油梨冻汤ChilledAvocadoSoup西班牙番茄冻汤Gazpacho
禽类
红酒鹅肝BraisedGooseLiverinRedWine奶酪火腿鸡排ChickenCordonBleu
烧瓤春鸡卷GrilledStuffedChickenRolls红酒烩鸡BraisedChickenwithRedWine
烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅BakedChickenBreastStuffedwithMushroomsandCheese
炸培根鸡肉卷Deep-FriedChickenandBaconRolls
水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁PoachedChickenBreastwithBalsamicSauce
●烤火鸡配红浆果少司RoastTurkeywithCranberrySauce烤瓤火鸡RoastStuffedTurkey
烧烤鸡腿BarbecuedChickenLeg
烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条RoastedLemonMarinadeChickenLegwithFrenchFries
扒鸡胸Char-GrilledChicke
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