施工组织设计外文文献翻译中英文管理资料.docx
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施工组织设计外文文献翻译中英文管理资料.docx
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施工组织设计外文文献翻译中英文管理资料
外文文献翻译
(含:
英文原文及中文译文)
文献出处:
NuclearInstruments&MethodsinPhysicsResearch,2015,3
(2):
281-294.
英文原文
Importanceofconstructionorganizationdesign
GBaecker
Abstract
Duringtheconstructionprocessofaconstructionproject,theadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheconstructionorganizationschemenotonlydirectlyaffectthequalityoftheproject,butalsohaveanimportantimpactonthedurationandthesafetyofthepersonnelduringtheconstructionprocess.Theconstructionorganizationisanimportanttechnicalandeconomicdocumentfortheprojectconstructionandguidanceofprojectconstruction.Canadjustthecontradictionofpersonnel,machinery,rawmaterials,environment,process,equipment,civilconstruction,installation,management,production,etc.inconstruction.Itisnecessarytosuperviseandcontroltheconstructionorganizationdesignsoastoensuretheprojectqualitywithhighquality,lowcost,andlessEnergyconsumptioniscompleted.
Keywords:
ProjectManagement,ConstructionOrganization,ProgramImportance
Constructionorganizationdesignistheconceptionandspecificarrangementoftheentireconstructionprocessoftheengineeringconstructionproject.Itisthecoreandsouloftheconstructionorganizationmanagementwork.Itspurposeistomaketheprojectfaster,betterquality,andmoreefficient.Makethewholeprojectgetrelativelyoptimalresultsintheconstruction.
1.Thereasonfortheimportanceofthedesignofconstructionorganization
Theconstructionprojectanditsconstructionhavethreecharacteristics:
fixedandfluidity,diversityandindividuality,largebodyandlongconstructionperiod.Therefore,theconstructionofeachconstructionprojectmustbecarriedout.Thisisbecause:
Theproductionofothergeneralindustrialproductshasitsownfixed,long-termfactory.Theconstructionofthebuildingisfluid,anditisimpossibletoestablishsuchafactory.Itisonlywheneachconstructionprojectisconstructedthatacorresponding,temporaryconstructionsitepreparationlikethenatureoftheplantisemployed.Theuniquefeaturesofconstructionandthecharacteristicsofconstructionmobilitydeterminethateachconstructionprojectmustselecttheappropriateequipmentandlabororganization.Theselectionofconstructionmethods,theformulationofconstructiontechnologyplans,andtheorganizationofworkforcesandimplementsarecollectivelyreferredtoasconstructionworkcapacityallocation.Thecharacteristicsoftheconstructioncyclehavedeterminedthatthesupplyofvariouslabors,equipmentandmanymaterialsandmaterialstechnologieswilltakealongtime.Thiswillresultintheconstructionanddesignofmaterialsandtechnologiesthatarecompatiblewiththeoverallconstructionschedule.Fromthiswecanseethatconstructionorganizationdesignisveryimportantinprojectmanagement.
2.Theimportanceofconstructionorganizationdesign
Asaproduct,buildingproductsplayanextremelyimportantroleinprojectmanagementthroughouttheconstructionprocess.Theconstructionorganizationoftheengineeringconstructionprojecthasacloserelationshipwithitsengineeringcost.Thebasiccontentsoftheconstructionorganizationdesigninclude:
projectoverviewandconstructionconditionanalysis,constructionplan,constructionprocess,constructionscheduleplan,andgeneralplanofconstruction.Therearealsoeconomicanalysisandconstructionpreparationworkplans.Amongthem,thedeterminationoftheconstructionplanandconstructionprocessismoreimportant.Forexample,theselectionofconstructionmachinery,theselectionofhorizontaltransportationmethods,theconstructionmethodsoftheearthwork,theconstructionmethodsofthemainstructureandtheselectionoftheconstructiontechnologyalldirectlyaffecttheprojectbudget.Thepricechanges.Underthepremiseofguaranteeingprojectqualityandsatisfyingtheowner'suserequirementsandconstructionperiodrequirements,optimizingtheconstructionplanandconstructionprocessisanimportantmeasureandmethodtocontrolinvestmentandreduceconstructionprojectcost.
Theconstructionorganizationplanaffectsthequalityoftheprojecttoagreatextent.Therefore,areasonableprojectorganizationplanisnotonlythebasisforensuringthesuccessfulcompletionoftheproject,butalsothebasisforprojectsafety.Theconstructionorganizationdesignisanimportantpartoftheconstructionengineeringdesigndocuments.Itisthemainbasisforpreparingtheprojectinvestmentbudgetandthemainreferenceforthepreparationofbiddingdocuments.Therefore,carefulconstructionoftheconstructionorganizationwillhaveaveryimportantroleindeterminingtheprojectcostandreducingtheinvestmentintheproject,whichwillhelpcontroltheconstructioncost.
Theconstructionorganizationplanisanimportantmeansforscientificmanagementofconstructionactivities.Ithasthedualroleofstrategicdeploymentandtacticalarrangements.Itembodiestherequirementsforrealizingthebasicconstructionplananddesign,providesthecontentsoftheconstructionpreparationworkineachphase,andcoordinatesthemutualrelationsbetweeneachconstructionworkarea,eachconstructionworktype,andeachvoluntaryworkintheconstructionprocess.Theconstructionorganizationplanmustbeabletodeterminethebasiccombinationofvariousfactorsofproductionbasedonthecharacteristicsandrequirementsoftheengineeringproductandthecurrentandpossiblewinningconstructionconditions.Itisimpossibletocarryoutanyproductionwithouteffectivelysolvingtheproblem..
3.Indexcalculationandanalysisofconstructionorganizationdesign
Atpresent,whatindicatorsshouldbeestablishedintheconstructionorganizationdesignarenotuniformandthecalculationmethodisnotstandardized.Asitisayardstickforevaluatingtheoveralleffectofconstructionorganizationdesignandevaluationofimplementationstatus,itisalsothebasisforexaminingthelevelandeffectofproduction,operationandmanagementoftheunit(projectdepartment)thatundertakesconstruction.Weshouldpayattentiontothefollowingsuggestions.
3.1indicatorsystem.Theindexsystemshouldbesetuptoreflectthelevelreachedbytheconstructionorganization'sdesigngoalsandprovideconvenienceforevaluation,assessment,andimplementation.
3.2Indexcalculations.
(1)Constructionpreparationperiod.Fromthestartofsitepreparationtothefulltimeofformalprojectstart-up.
(2)Unitprojectduration.Theconstructionperiodarrangedbytheunitconstructionschedule.(3)Laborimbalancecoefficient.Theratioofthepeaknumberofconstructionperiodtotheaveragenumberofpeople.(4)Reducethecost.Technicalorganizationmeasurestolowerthecostofpriceresults.(5)Reducethecostrate.Thepercentageofcostreductionincontractedcosts.(6)Thedegreeofconstructionmechanization.Theratioofthecompletionvalueofmechanicalconstructiontotheprojectcontractingcost.(7)Thedegreeoffactoryconstruction.Prefabricationplant(quarry,quarry)Theratioofthecompletedproductionvaluetotheengineeringcontractingcost.(8)Proportionoftemporaryengineeringinvestment.Theratioofalltemporaryengineeringinvestmentandprojectcontractingcost.(9)Proportionoftemporaryengineeringexpenses.AllTemporaryProjectCostReducingRatioofChargesandEngineeringContractCosts.
3.3IndicatorsAnalysis.Comparedwiththehistoricalactuallevelofsimilarprojects,theconstructionorganizationdesignindexcanevaluatetheeffectoftheconstructionorganizationdesign;Thecomparisonofindicatorsofdifferentconstructionorganizationdesignschemescanbeusedtooptimizetheprogram;Theweightedvaluesofpreviousindicatorsofthesametypeofpreviousprojectscanbeanalyzed,whichcanbeusedasthefutureThebasisofbidding.
4.Managementofconstructionorganizationdesign
Withtheestablishmentofasocialistmarketeconomy,thecompetitionintheconstructionmarkethasbecomeincreasinglyfierce,andtheobjectivesituationhasbecomeincreasinglydemandingforconstructioncompanies.Notonlydoesitrequirehigherrequirementsintermsoftechnicalequipment,personnelquality,andconstructionorganizers,butitalsofacesnewchallengesinengineeringeconomicmanagement.Intherigorousconstructionmarketsituation,someconstructioncompaniesdidnotactivelytakeresponsemeasuresanddidnotupdateortrainemployees'professionalskills.Themanagementlevelofscienceandtechnologyisquitebackward.Inaddition,itdidnotpayenoughattentiontothepreparationofauditingconstructionorganizationdesign.Therefore,thefollowingcommonsituationswilloccur:
Thereisnopreparationofauditingbeforethecommencementoftheconstructionoftheorganizationdesign:
donotengageinthelayoutoftheconstructionplan,thematerialindiscriminatelyput.Therearenoguaranteemeasuresfortheshipmentofearthmovinginandout,mechanicalequipment,unplannedlabordemand,projectquality,andsafeconstruction.Thephenomenonofwastingwastefromworkersisseriousandthemanagementlevelislow.
Whetheritisaprofessionaltocompiletheconstructionorganizationdesign:
InordertodealwiththeinspectionsofthesuperiordepartmentandsupervisionunitandPartyA,theconstructionpersonnelshalldesigntheconstructionorganizationdesignonbehalfoftheconstructionworkerortheinformationofficer.Becausethedatawasnotknownaboutthecurrentconstructionmanagementbutwasrecentlyarrangedbytheleadership,ithadtobecreatedanddealtwithindiscriminately.
Thelevelofconstructionorganizat
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