高二牛津译林版5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷.docx
- 文档编号:28208870
- 上传时间:2023-07-09
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:23.31KB
高二牛津译林版5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷.docx
《高二牛津译林版5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高二牛津译林版5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高二牛津译林版5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷
2020-2021学年高二牛津译林版必修5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷
学校:
___________姓名:
___________班级:
___________考号:
___________
一、阅读选择
Energygoesfromoneplantoranimaltoanother.Afoodchainshowshowthisenergymoves.Eachtimeananimalgetseaten,itsenergyispassedontotheanimalthateatsit.Thefoodchainisveryimportantbecauseitkeepsthebalanceofnature.Ifonepartofthefoodchaindisappears,itcanaffectalltheotherplantsandanimals.Anythreattothefoodchainisathreattotheenvironment’sbiodiversit(生物多样性).Thefoodchainhelpskeepanimalpopulationsinbalance.However,ifsomethinghappenstoincreaseordecreaseoneofthelinksinthefoodchain,thatbalanceisbroken.Ifoneanimalbecomesendangered,itputsalltheanimalsaboveitatrisk.
Someofthethreatsarenatural,suchaswildfires,hurricanes,tornados,floodsandsoon.Butthebiggestthreatstothefoodchaincomefromyouandme.Thesethreatsincludeoverhunting,overfishing,logging,farming,development,pollution,etc.Thefoodchainisendangeredanywherehumanshavehadaneffectonthenaturalenvironment.
ArecentstudyshowsthattheoverfishingoflargesharksisdamagingthefoodchainalongtheUSAtlanticcoast.CanadianandAmericanscientistssaysharksarebeingkilledingreatnumbersfortheirmeatandfins(鳍).Now,notenoughsharksarearoundtoeatthecownose(牛鼻)ray.Theray’spopulationhasincreasedandtheyhaveeatenuptheshellfishtothepointwhereithashurtcommercial(商业的)fishing.
Manyofusdisturbthenaturalenvironmentinourownbackyards.It’suptoustotakecareoftheenvironmentandtrynottodisruptthenaturalfoodchain.Ifwedon’tactresponsibly,animalswillstartdisappearing.
1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?
A.Thefoodchainisnoteasytobebroken.
B.Theenergyofananimalusuallydisappearswhenitdies.
C.Increasingthelinkswillnotbreakthebalanceofnature.
D.Breakingthefoodchainisbadforthebiodiversityoftheenvironment.
2.ThestudymentionedinParagraph3provesthat.
A.humanactivitiescanbeabigthreattothefoodchain
B.weareallresponsibleforthebreakingofthefoodchain
C.naturaldisastersarehardtobreakthefoodchain
D.huntinglargesharksformeatisbeneficial
3.Wecaninferthatthewriterwrotethispassagemainlyto.
A.explainwhatthefoodchainis
B.tellussomethinginterestingaboutNature
C.suggestthatwestopeatingmeattosaveanimals
D.suggestthatwenotdisruptthenaturalfoodchain
Oneday,Ireceivedacallfromacolleague.Hewasabouttogiveastudentazeroforhisanswertoaphysicalproblem,whilethestudentclaimedaperfectscore.Iwaselectedastheirarbiter(仲裁人).Ireadtheexaminationproblem:
“Showhowitispossibletodeterminetheheightofatallbuildingwiththeaidofabarometer(气压计).”Thestudenthadanswered;"Takethebarometertothetopofthebuilding,attachalongropetoit,lowerittothestreet,andthenbringitup,measuringthelengthoftherope.Thelengthofitistheheightofthebuilding.”
Thestudenthadreallyansweredthequestioncompletely,buttheanswerdidn'tconfirmhiscompetenceinphysics.Isuggestedthestudenttryagain.Igavehimsixminutestoanswerthequestion,warningthattheanswershouldshowsomeknowledgeofphysics.Fiveminuteslater,hesaidhehadmanyanswersanddashedoffone,whichread:
“Takethebarometertothetopofthebuildingandleanovertheedgeoftheroof.Dropthebarometer,timingitsfallwithastopwatch.Then,usethephysicalformula(公式)tocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.”
Atthispoint,mycolleaguehadtoacceptit,andthenthestudentmadealmostfullmarks.Icouldn'thelpaskingthestudentwhattheotheranswerswere.Helistedmanyothers,andthenadded,"Probablythebestistotakethebarometertotheadministratorandsaidtohim,‘Sir,hereisafinebarometer.Ifyoutellmetheheightofthebuilding,Iwillgiveittoyou.”,
Then,Iaskedthestudentifhereallydidnotknowtheconventionalanswertothisquestion.Headmittedthathedid,butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolandcollegeinstructorstryingtoteachhimhowtothink.
ThenameofthestudentwasBohrwholaterwasfamousallovertheworld.HewontheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1922.
4.Thestudentgotazeroatthebeginningbecause_____.
A.theteacherwasn'tsatisfiedwithhim
B.hisanswerwasn'tcompleteorcorrect
C.theteacherdidn'tfullyunderstandhisanswer
D.hisanswerdidn'tshowhisknowledgeofphysics
5.Weknowfromthepassagethat_____.
A.thestudentknewtheexpectedanswer
B.theadministratortoldBohrtheheight
C.theauthorpreferredBohr'slastanswer
D.theteacherwasaverystubbornperson
6.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_____.
A.instructorscanteachstudentshowtothink
B.arbiterscanhelpstudentstogethighscores
C.studentsshouldbegivenmorefreedominthinking
D.teachersshouldmakestudentsusephysicalformulas
7.WhatwasBohr'sattitudetowardhisschooling?
A.OptimisticB.CriticalC.ApprovingD.Neutral
Oneinfivepeoplecarrya‘smartgene’variant(变体)linkedtolonglifespan,biggerforebrainsandenhancedmentalability,researchershavefound.
'We'veknownforalongtimethatpeoplelosecognitive(认知)abilitiesastheyage,butnowwe'rebeginningtounderstandthatfactorslikeKLOTHOcangivepeopleaboostinaging.GeneticvariationinKLOTHOcouldhelpuspredictbrainhealthandfindwaystoprotectpeoplefromthediseasesthathappentousaswegrowold,likeAlzheimer’sdisease(老年痴呆症),”saidseniorauthor,DenaDubalofUniversityofCalifornia.
TheKLOTHOgeneaffectsaproteinfoundinthekidneysandthebrainthatregulatesmanydifferentbodyprocesses.Aboutoneinfivepeoplecarryasinglecopyofthevarian,knownasKL-VS,whichboostslevelsoftheproteinandisassociatedwithalongerlifespanandimprovedheartandkidneyfunction.Asmallminority,3%ofthepopulation,hastwocopies,whichislinkedtoashorterlifespan.
Inthenewstudyscientistsscannedthebrainsof422menandwomenaged53andoverwhowerealsotestedfortheKLOTHOgene.TheyfoundthatparticipantswithasinglecopyofthegenevariantalsohadalargerbrainregionknownasRDLPFC,whichisespeciallylikelytoshrinkwithage.Lossofneuronsinthisareamaybeonereasonwhyolderpeoplearesometimeseasilydistractedandfinditdifficulttodomorethanonetaskatthesametime.
ResearcherDrJenniferYokoyamasaid,“ThebrainregionenhancedbygeneticvariationinKLOTHOisvulnerable(脆弱的)inagingandsomementaldisease.Inthiscase,biggersizemeansbetterfunction.ItwillbeimportanttodeterminewhetherthestructureincreaseassociatedwithcarryingonecopyofKL-VScanoffsetthecognitiveshortagecausedbydisease.”
PeoplewhohaveonecopyofavariantKL-VStendtolivelongerandhavelowerchancesofsufferingastroke(中风),whereaspeoplewhohavetwocopiesmayliveshorterlivesandhaveahigherriskofstroke.
8.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?
A.People’scognitiveabilitiesdonotdeclineifpeoplehaveKLOTHO
B.WiththeclearunderstandingofKLOTHO,Alzheimer’sdiseasecanbecurednow.
C.GeneticvariationinKLOTHOcouldbehelpfulintreatingmentaldiseaseinelderlypeople
D.GeneticvariationinKLOTHOcouldleadpeopletosufferfromAlzheimer’sdisease
9.Ifapersoncarriestwocopiesofthegenevariant,he/shemay_______
A.havebetterkidneyfuntciton
B.haveashorterlifespan
C.haveahigherleveloftheproteininhis/herbody
D.sufferfromsomecognitivedisease
10.Thereasonwhyolderpeople’sattentioniseasilydistractedmaybethat_______.
A.theyhavefewerneuronsintheRDLPEC
B.theirbrainregionistoolarge
C.theyhavetwocopiesofthegenevariant
D.theyhavemoreneuronsintheRDLPEC
11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”inParagraph5probablymean?
A.Prevent
B.Balance
C.Keep
D.Promote
AlibabastartedtakingtheleadinChinabyconnectingbigChinesemanufacturers(制造商)withbigbuyersacrosstheworld.Itsbusiness-to-businesssite,Aallowedbusinesstobuyalmosteverything.Alibaba’sadvantagewasn’thardtojudge:
size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.Itsmarketattracts231millionactivebuyers,8millionsellers,11.3billionordersayear—andAlibabaisjustthemiddleman.Itencouragespeopletouseitsmarkets—notchargingsmallsellersapercentageofthesale.
IfyouwantaquicklookintotheinfluenceofAlibabaondailyChineselife,takemyexperience.ImovedtoBeijingayearagoandquicklygottiredofvisitingsmallstoresacrossthecrowded,pollutedcityof20millionpeopleinsearchofnewelectronics,bathroomfurnishings,andanythingelsemywifewanted.“You’relookingforwhatexactly?
Whynottryit?
”myChineseteacheraskedmeoneday.Withthat,mywonderfulnewrelationshipwithAlibababegan.
Alibaba’soriginalbusiness-to-businessmodelnowissecondtoconsumerbuying.Chineseretail(零售)buyingmakesup80%ofAlibaba’sprofit,andleadingthatgroupisTaobao,with800millionitemsforsaleandthemostunbelievableselectionofthingsyou’lleverfind.TMisAlibaba’sotherbigsite,whereyoucanfindbrandnamegoodsfromNikeandUnilevernearthelowestprices.
WhatIhaveahardtimeexplainingtofriendsandfamilybackintheU.S.ishowChinahasgonebeyondtraditionalshopping—big-boxretailersespecially—infavorofonlinepurchasesonTaobaoandafewothersites.InsmallertownsthanBeijing,wherebigretailershavenotyettraveled,shoppingonlineisshopping,andshoppingisTaobao.
IhavealistofsomeofmyrecentpurchasesonTaobaoforasenseofhowwidethemarketplaceis.Almosteverything
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 牛津 译林版 单元 综合 测评 英语