成考语法.docx
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成考语法.docx
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成考语法
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
基本句型
英语的基本句型有五种:
1.主语+谓语动词(不及物动词)。
如:
Mygrandmacanneitherreadnorwrite.
2.主语+谓语动词+宾语。
如:
Morningexerciseswilldoyoualotofgood.
3.主语+谓语动词+表语。
如:
InBeijing,thebestseasonoftheyearisprobablyautumn.
4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
如;
Theprofessorgaveusaspeechyesterday.
5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。
如:
Maryhadherhaircutyesterday.
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
疑问句
疑问句
疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1.一般疑问句
一般疑问句通常以助动词开始,要求以yes或no回答。
如:
“Willyoupassonamessagetohim?
”“Yes,what'sit?
”
“Doyoulikesports?
”“No,Ipreferreadinginmysparetime.”
2.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句以疑问代词开头,后面通常接一般疑问句,如果疑问词或其修饰的词作句子的主语,后面应用陈述句句序。
如:
Howmuchdidshecharge?
Whoisresponsiblefortheaccident?
(beresponsiblefor为……负责)
“______doyourecordthetemperatureinthelab?
”
“Everytwohours.”
A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Howmuch(答案Chowoften表示频率,howsoon最快……,howlong一段延续的时间,howmuch问价钱)
3.选择疑问句
选择疑问句在结构上类似于一般疑问句,选择的两部分由or连接起来。
如:
Doyouprefercoffeeortea?
-Eitherwilldo.
AreyoufromShanghaiorSuzhou?
-I'mfromSuzhou.
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是一个简短的问句。
如果前一部分用肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,两部分主语的人称、时态应保持一致。
如:
Youaregoingouttoday,aren'tyou?
Wecan'ttakethebooksout,canwe?
当反意疑问句的前一部分是否定句,或含有no,nothing,never,hardly,seldom等词时,回答时应特别注意。
事实上肯定的用yes,事实上否定的用no.
Youwon'tbeawayforlong,willyou?
-No,I'llbebackintenminutes.
Heishardlyten,ishe?
-Yes,heisten.
Youhaven'tanyobjectiontotheidea,haveyou?
-No,Ihaven't.(objectionto反对,to是介词)
Theyhavenoclassestomorrow,havethey?
-No,theyhaven't.
日常用语中有些反意疑问句构成与上述不同,有其独特的方式。
如:
Haveacupoftea,willyou?
Let'smeetatthestation,shallwe?
Whatalovelyday,isn'tit?
4.反意疑问句
1.Younevertoldushisphonenumber,_______?
A.hadn'tyouB.didn'tyouC.hadyouD.didyou
答案D
2.Idon'tthinkyou'veheardofhimbefore,________?
A.don'tIB.doIC.haveyouD.haven'tyou
答案C
3.Mountainscanbeverydangerous,________?
A.can'ttheyB.aren'ttheyC.don'ttheyC.won'tthey
答案A
4.“Jillhasatoothache.”
“It'sbeenhurtingherforquiteawhile,_______?
”
A.isn'titB.doesn'titC.wasn'titD.hasn'tit
答案D
5.Beginnershavetolearnfromtheirmistakes,_______they?
A.haven'tB.mustn'tC.don'tD.aren't
learnfrom从……学到
答案C
6.“It'sawfullycoldthismorning.”
“Yes,butit'snotcolderthanitwasyesterday,_______it?
”
A.wasn'tB.isn'tC.isD.was
答案C
7.Let'stryabitharder,_______?
A.willweB.shallweC.doweD.arewe
答案B
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
主语从句
主语从句
主语不是一个词而是一个句子,它因为有这个主句了,所以主语这个句子叫从句。
主语从句可以位于句首,也可以位于句子的尾部,而在句首一般用it做它的形式主语,引导主语从句的关连有that和whether
这两个都是不能省略的。
Whatshedidisnotyetknow.
Itiscertainthatweshellbelate.
Itiscurttohimthathehadforgottobuythebook.
Howtheprisonerisescapeisacompletesecret.
1.______atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofourbusiness.
A.ThatwediscussedB.Whatwediscussed
C.HowdidwediscussD.Whatdidwediscuss
答案B
(beofimportance=beimportant)
2._______yousaynowcan'tmakeupforwhatyou'vedone.
A.NomatterB.WhateverC.HoweverD.That
makeupfor为……补偿
答案B
3._______wasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.
A.ThatB.WhichC.WhoD.What
答案D
4._______youdo,doitwell.
A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.Whatever
which不能引导主语从句。
whatever=nomatterwhat
答案D
5.__________theprisonerescapedisamystery.
A.WhatB.HowC.ThatD.Which
引导主语从句的关联词是that,whether和疑问词。
答案B
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
祈使句
祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等,主语一般是you,在句子中省略,谓语动词用原形,否定一般在谓语前加don't.如:
Let'snotwastetimearguingaboutit.(wastetimedoing)
Besuretocomeherebeforenine.
Don'tdothatagain.
Don'thesitatietoturntomeifyouareintrouble.(turntosb.向某人求助)
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
感叹句
感叹句表示说话人的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪,一般由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词或副词。
What+n.;How+adj.如:
Whatgoodnewsitis!
Howgoodthenewsis!
Whatsillyquestionsyouasked!
Howsillythequestionsyouasked!
WhatabadmemoryI'vegot!
Ievenforgottobringthebookwithme.
HowbadthememoryI'vegot!
Look!
_______lovelydayitis!
A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa
(答案C)
句法部分的一个重要考核点是反意疑问句。
其提问部分的助动词和主语(往往是代词)应该与前半句一致,回答部分前后应保持一致。
如:
1.YournameisMary,_______?
A.aren'tyouB.isitC.isn'titD.areyou
(答案C)
2.Johnstudiesinastateuniversity,_________he?
A.donotB.doesC.doesn'tD.do
(答案C)
3.“Shewasn'tinwhenherhusbandcame,wasshe?
”
“______,butshereturnedafewminuteslater.”
A.No,shewasB.No,shewasn't
C.Yes,shewasD.Yes,shewasn't
(答案B)
此外,考生应注意句型let's…,其后面往往用shallwe提问。
如:
Let'sdothecleaningrightafterclass,_____?
A.willyouB.shallweC.doyouD.canwe
(答案B)
另一类需引起注意的句子是感叹句。
感叹句的引导词是what(修饰名词)或how(修饰形容词、副词),考生应特别注意what修饰的名词,看它是可数还是不可数,是单数还是复数,若是单数,前面往往需加不定冠词。
_______wonderfulbirthdayIamhaving!
A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howmuch
答案B
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
并列句
并列句
包含两个或两个以上互不依从的简单句的句子叫并列句。
并列句中的分句通常用逗号、分号或并列连词连接起来。
如:
I'dliketotravelintheholidays,butmywifeinsistsongoingtoherparents'home.
Therewasnonews;nevertheless,hewentonhoping.(goondoingsth.继续做某事)
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
宾语从句
宾语从句
引导宾语从句的关联词与主语从句基本相同。
关联词that一般可以省略,whether一般可与if(“是否”)互换。
宾语从句有时也可以放在句子的后部,而在前面用it作形式宾语。
宾语从句还可以接在介词后面。
Theytoldusagainthatthesituationwasserious.
Idoubtwhetherhewillcome.
Idon'tknowifyoucouldhelpmetomorrow.
Weallthoughtitapitythatyouhadfailedtheexam.
1.Thephotoswillshowyou_______.
A.whatdoesthehouselooklikeB.whatthehouselookslike
C.howdoesthehouselooklikeD.howthehouselookslike
答案B
2.Ihope______myletter.
A.hertoanswerB.thatsheshouldanswer
C.thatshewillanswerD.heranswering
hopetodosth.
hope+that从句。
将来时用will.
Shehopestoworkinthiscompany.
答案C
3.Theseapplesareveryexpensive.Doyouknow_______?
A.howdotheycostB.howmanydotheycost
C.howmuchdotheycostD.howmuchtheycost
答案D
4.ThestoryofJonarimplies_________lovecannotbeseparatedfromresponsibility.
A.howB.ifC.thatD.whether
答案C
separatefrom和……分开
5.Hewondered________.
A.whatwillbehiswife'sreactionB.whatwouldhiswife'sreactionbeC.whathiswife'sreactionwouldbeD.howwouldbehiswife'sreaction
答案C
6.ThefatladyaskedAlex_______hewantedsomethingtoeat.
A.whatB.ifC.thatD.which
答案B
7.Theteacheraskedme________.
A.whetherornotIhadfinishedmyworkB.didIfinishmyworkornotC.ismyworkfinishedornotD.ifornotIhavefinishedmywork
答案A
whetherornot
8.AlthoughIexpectedsomethingdifferent,Iwasstillsurprisedby_______hesaid.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how
答案A
修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词后面。
人做主语surprise用过去分词做表语。
9.Idon'tknowhisaddressexcept________itwasLeadenhallStreet.
A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.where
答案A
10.Mr.Lambdidnotknow_______heshouldrenewthelease(租约)ornot.
A.whatB.whetherC.ifD.which
答案B
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
表语从句
表语从句
表语从句与宾语从句基本相同。
如:
Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.
That'swhywehadtoputoffthemeeting.(putoff:
延期)
1.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoFrancewas_______anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgetting
C.duetoD.thatIgot
duetosth./sb.:
becauseofsth./sb.由于某事物/某人
Theteam'ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
Hewaslateduetotheveryheavytraffic.他迟到是因为交通拥挤。
答案D
2.Heworkstoohard.Thatis_______iswrongwithhim.
A.thatwhichB.thewhatC.whatD.thethingwhat
答案C
3.Onereasonwhywomenlivelongerthanmenafterretirementis______womencancontinuetodosomethingtheyareusedtodoing.
A.becauseB.forC.sinceD.that
beusedtodoing
答案D
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
同位语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句常位于idea,fact,news,fear,belief,doubt,proof,evidence等名词后面,对这些名词作进一步解释。
同位语从句大多由关联词that引导(that不可以省略)。
如:
Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.
Haveyouheardthenewsthatwewillhaveapicnicnextweek?
Therecanbenodoubtthatmybrotherisqualifiedforthejob.
Wheredidyougettheideathattheclasswouldbecancelled?
Sofarthereisnoproof_______spaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.
A.whichB.thatC.howD.what
答案B
成人高考专升本英语词汇和语法复习:
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、行为方式、比较、让步等。
1)时间状语从句
常用的关联词有when,whenever,before,after,while,as,once(一旦),until,(ever)since,assoonas等。
时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的情况通常用一般现在时。
如:
Whenyoucrossaroad,youmustbecareful.
Itwillnotbelongbeforewemeetagain.
Shecomeshereeverymonthsinceshewasachildtoseehergrandmother.
AssoonasIknowit,I'lltellyou.
2)地点状语从句
关联词有where和wherever.如:
Sitdownwhereveryoulike.
Putitwhereyoufoundit.
3)条件状语从句
关联词有if,unless,as/solongas(只要),incase(万一)等。
如:
As/Solongaswedon'tgiveup,weareboundtosucceed.(beboundtodosth.注定要做某事;giveup放弃)
IncaseIgorget,pleaseremindmeofthat.(remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人做某事)
Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillstayathome.
Iwilldoanythingaslongasitisinteresting.
4)原因状语从句
关联词有because,as(由于,因为),since(由于,既然),nowthat(既然),that等。
AsIdidn'tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman.
Sincenooneisagainst,we'lladopttheproposal.
Seeing
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