英语专四语法从句.docx
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英语专四语法从句.docx
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英语专四语法从句
三类从句
名词性从句:
Nominative/nounclauses
1.主语从句subjectclause
除基础知识外,此外要掌握的:
a.辨别it作形式主语,主语从句后
置
Itisaprivilegethatyouhaveinvitedmetotheparty.
b.whether,if指引主语从句的差别
c.whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever指引主语从句时,不可以够用
nomatterwhat/who/when/where替代。
在指引退步状语从句时,可交换。
2.宾语从句objectclause
a.辨别it作形式宾语,宾语从句后置
Iconsideritanhonorthatyouhaveinvitedmetoyourwedding.
b.whether,if指引的宾语从句可交换
(没有和ornot连用时),但介词后的
宾语从句只好用whether,不可以用if.
Itisaquestionofwhetherweshouldcompromiseourintegrity.
c.不行省略连词that的5种状况可阅读一下,有个印象:
两个以上宾语从句,有插入语,直宾,that从句后置,
宾语从句是复合句,且复合句中从句位于主句以前。
3.表语从句predicativeclausea.位于系动词以后;
b.可用whether,asif,asthough指引。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
c.当主句的主语是reason时,指引词用that,不可以用because.
Thereasonwhytheywereupsetwasthattheylostthegame.
4.同位语从句appositiveclause;
1.往常在抽象名词以后,连词that往常不行省略;if不可以指引同位语从句;
Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.(if不对)
2.和定语从句的差别:
作句子成分?
3.doubt在否认句中带同位语从句时
的指引词是that,在一定句中一般用whether.
Idon’tdoubt____hecanfinishthe
taskontime.
Idoubt____theycanswimacrossthe
river.
定语从句attributiveclause:
先行词:
antecedent
关系代词:
relativepronoun
限制性restrictive~,
非限制性nonrestrictive~
1.关系代词that,who,which用法划分;
2.只好用that的状况:
先行词前有特定的修饰词,不定代词;先行词是人+物的时候;
3.关系代词which前可加介词,that前不可以加介词;
4.as,which指引非限制性定语从句的差别
5.定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词保持一致:
Heisoneoftheplayerswhoareawardedaprize.
Heistheonlyoneoftheplayerswhoisawardedaprize.
状语从句adverbialclause:
时间~oftime,地址~ofplace,原
因~ofcause,比较~ofcomparison,结果~ofresult,条件~ofcondition,
退步~ofconcession,目的~of
purpose,
1.forfearthat,lest指引的目的状语从句要用shoulddo/be:
Sheputanextrablanketoverthebabylest/forfearthatheshouldcatchacold.
2.as,though指引的退步状语从句;as要倒装,though可倒装,也可不倒装。
3.though,although退步状语从句中,主句可用yet,still,但不可以用but.
Thoughheisrich,yet/stillheisunhappy.
3.while可指引退步,往常放句首。
4.not⋯because否认because引的原由状从句
Themountainisnotfamousbecauseitishigh.
5.AisBas/whatCisD.比状从句
各表示比的构:
comparisons
a.as...as⋯:
asgoodasdead/sold(
上等于,与⋯一)
b.more/less⋯than⋯:
与其⋯不如⋯
Thisbookseemstobemoreadictionarythanagrammarbook.
c.nolessAthanB:
A和B一
Awhaleisnolessamammalthanahorseis.
d.nomore⋯thanB,not⋯anymore
thanB:
同B一不⋯
Oneminutetoolateisnomoreintimethanhalfanhouris.
e.morethan:
多于,特别,不不过
Herperformanceismorethangood;itwasperfect.
f.notsomuchAasB:
与其⋯不如
Thehigh-techcompanyCEOisnotsomuchacomputerexpertasasharpbusinessman.
g.notsomuchas:
甚至不,⋯都不⋯
Ihavenotsomuchasheardofhim,muchlessknowhim.
真题练习
状语从句:
Adverbialclause
1.________you_______furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.(2005)
A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,have
D.Incase,had
答案:
C。
should地点提早到句首,
表示与未来相反的可能性。
A选项是
虚构语气;A,D选项时态错误。
2.Nineistothree_____threeistoone.(2008)
A.whenB.that
C.whichD.what
答案:
D。
AistoBwhatCistoD是
固定句式。
Readingistothemindwhatfoodistothebody.
3.Mendifferfromanimals____theycanthinkandspeak.(2008)
A.forwhichB.forthat
C.inthatD.inwhich
答案:
C。
inthat意为“由于”,指引
原由状语从句。
A和D用来指引定语
从句。
4.____hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostay
behindtofinishhisassignment.
(2008)
A.Muchthough
B.Muchas
C.Asmuch
D.Thoughmuch
答案:
B。
muchas意为“只管”,相
当于though和although,指引退步状
语从句,应选B。
asmuch意为“相同
地”。
5.Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch____IvisitedmyfriendsinParislastyear.(2008)
A.whenB.which
C.thatD.where
答案:
A。
本句没有出现先行词,可
知这句话不是定语从句,后半句last
year,应选when,指引时间状语从句。
6._____thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.(2009)
A.WhateverB.Whenever
C.WhicheverD.However
答案:
A。
whatever=nomatterwhat,
指引退步状语从句,表示“不论什
么”,充任宾语;whenever指引时间
状语从句,表示“不论何时”,与句
意不符;whichever往常指一种选择关
系,表示“不论哪个,不论哪些”;
however指引退步状语从句时,后边常接形容词或副词。
7.Fool____Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing(.2010)
A.who
C.like
B.as
D.that
答案:
B。
as引步状从句,
从句部分必倒装,被倒装的部分可
以是表、状或原形。
8.Whichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcause?
(2012)A.IgotajobassoonasIleftuniversity.
B.Astherewasnoanswer,Iwroteagain.
C.YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.
D.Wealthyasheis,Markisnotahappyman.
答案:
B。
考as的多用法,
A,as⋯soon⋯as引状从句;
B项as指引原由状语从句;C项as表示方式;D项as表退步。
定语从句Attributiveclause
1.Theparty,________Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable.(2006)
A.bywhichB.forwhichwhichD.atwhich
C.to
答案:
D。
此句为非限制性定语从句,
先行词theparty常与at连用,在从句
中作状语。
介词放在关系代词前。
2.Iwasveryinterestedin_____shetoldme.(2009)
A.allthat
C.allwhat
B.allwhich
D.that
答案:
A。
先行词为不定代词all,定
语从句的指引词只好用that。
Allthat=what.
3.Myuncleisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnolongertheman______hewasfifteenyearsago.(2011)
A.WhichB.Whom
C.WhoD.that
答案:
D。
定语从句中缺乏一个能作表语而且指人的成分,当先行词在主句中作表语,或许关系代词自己作从句的表语时,关系代词用that。
表语从句Predicativeclause
1.Qualityis____countsmost.(2008)
A.whichB.that
答案:
C。
表语从句缺乏主语,that指引表语从句时不作成分,where为地址状语,故清除B、D,what与which的差别是what不限制范围,而which一般用在有限制范围、有选择的状况下。
名词性从句Nominativeclause
1.After____seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager'soffice.(2010)
A.thatB.it
C.whatD.there
答案:
C。
此句中after为介词,后边是一个缺乏指引语词的宾语从句,排
除B、D,又因该句缺乏主语,因此选C。
主语从句Subjectclause
1.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause主(语从句)?
(2011)
A.Wearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime.
B.Hehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear.
C.Shesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorning.
D.Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays.
答案:
D。
A项中that指引的从句作
谓语部分becertain的宾语;B项中
that指引同位语从句;C项that指引
宾语从句;D项it是形式主语,that
指引真实的主语。
FurtherSimulationExercisesonclauses:
从句模拟试题
1.Evidencecameup____specific
soundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.
a.whatb.that
c.whichd.whose
2.______,hedoesnotloveher.
a.Ashelikesherverymuch
b.b.Thoughmuchhelikesherc.Muchalthoughhelikesherd.Muchthoughhelikesher
3.Britain’spressisunusual_____itis
dividedintotwoverydifferenttypesofnewspaper:
thequalitypressandthepopularpress.
a.inhowb.inwhat
c.inwhichd.inthat
4.Physicsisthepresent-dayequivalentof____usedtobecallednatural
philosophy,fromwhichmostofpresentdaysciencearose.
a.thatb.all
c.whichd.what
5.It____fiveyearssincethefamoussingerleftherhometown.
a.wasb.is
c.haspassed⋯d.hadbeen
6.Whiledrivingalongthetreacherousroad,______.
a.myrightreartireblewout.
b.myrightreartirehadablowout.
c.Ihadablowoutonmyrighttire.
d.Ihadmyrightreartirebeenblowout.
7.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren_____astronginfluenceon
thecharacterofthechildren.
a.hasb.have⋯..
c.having⋯..d.tohave
8.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary_____ithelpsustocorrect
ourmistakes.
a.inthatb.suchthat⋯..
c.sothat⋯..d.tothat
9.____thereislittlewecandoto
modifythewheathere,wecanat
leastknowwhatkindofweathertoexpect.
a.sinceb.when⋯..
c.whiled.unless
10.Televisionsenableustoseethingshappenalmostattheexactmoment
______.
a.whichtheyarehappening
b.theyarehappening
c.whichtheyhappen
d.theyhavehappened
11.ThisorganizationbroughtWesternartiststogetherinthehopeofmaking
moreofanimpactontheartcommunity_____anyofthemcould
individuallyandtopromoteWesternartbywomen.
a.ratherthanb.rather
c.thand.otherthan
12.Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything
_____goingonintheworld.
a.itisb.asit
c.thatisd.whatis
13.Livinginthedesertinvolvesalot
ofproblems,_____watershortageistheworst.
a.nottomention
b.ofwhichc.letaloned.forwhat
14.Hydrogenisoneofthemostimportantelementsintheuniverse
_____itprovidesthebuildingblocks
fromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.
a.sothatb.butthat
c.providedthatd.inthat
15._____isthecenterofourplanetarysystemwasconsideredasheresybythechurchintheMiddleAges.
a.Itisthesunandnottheearth
b.Thatthesunandnottheearth
c.Beingthesunandnottheearth
d.Thesunandnottheearth
16.Thedesegregationwasachieved
throughanumberofstruggles,_____
havebeenmentionedinpreviouschapters.
a.afewofwhich
b.afewofthem
c.afewofthose
d.afewofthat
17.Mostelectronicdevicesofthiskind,
____manufacturedforsuchpurposes,aretightlypacked.
a.thatareb.asare
c.whichisd.itis
18.EinsteinwontheNobelPrizein1921andenjoyedgreatfameinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazism
____hewasexpelledfromGermanybecausehewasajew.
a.whenb.who
c.thend.which
19.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication____
theadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.
a.inthatb.inwhich
c.inorderthatd.inth
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