中考英语第一部分语法专项10非谓语动词复习20.docx
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中考英语第一部分语法专项10非谓语动词复习20.docx
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中考英语第一部分语法专项10非谓语动词复习20
十、非谓语动词
【考纲分析】
1.中考考纲:
(1)非谓语动词(动词不定式做宾语、宾补、目的状语)
2.近5年中考非谓语动词的考点及分值分布
年份
题型
分值
考查内容
2012年
单项选择
1
tofinish
2013年
单项选择
1
不定式的否定形式:
(try)nottomake
完形填空
短文填空
1.5
动名词(enjoy)eating/having
2014年
单项选择
1
不定式的否定形式:
(Inorder)nottobelate
完形填空
1
(for)disturbing
短文填空
2015年
单项选择
1
不定式的否定形式:
(advise)nottoleave
完形填空
短文填空
2016年
单项选择
1
不定式:
(expect)towin
完形填空
短文填空
【自主学习】
用所给动词的适当形式填空,并找出标志词。
1.Ispenttwohours (do)myhomeworklastnight.
2.Satellitesareusedfor (learn)moreabouttheearth.
3.Hefinishes (wash)ateighto'clockeveryevening.
4.You'veworkedfor4hours.Pleasestop (have)arest.
5.Sheoftenmakesus (do)alotofhomeworkafterschool.
6.Motheralwaystellsme (notread)inbed.
7.Theyaskedtheheadmaster (speak)atthemeeting.
8. (smoke)toomuchisbadforyourhealth.
9..Ittookmetwohours (finish)myhomeworklastnight.
10.Thankyoufor (come)toseeme.
11.Iwant (see)afilmtonight.
12.Didyouseeher (go)upstairsjustnow?
13.I'mthirsty.I'dlikesomething (drink).
14.Doyouknowwhere________(buy)thiskindofsportsshoes?
15.Theoldmanfounditdifficult (fall)asleep.
参考答案
1.doing 2.learning 3.washing 4.tohave5.do 6.nottoread 7.tospeak 8.Smoking
9.tofinish ing 11.tosee 12.go13.todrink 14.tobuy 15.tofall
【教师点拨】
非谓语动词是动词的形式,在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用。
不能作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。
分为动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。
考点1动词不定式
(1)构成:
to+动词原形,否定式:
notto+动词原形
(2)用法:
常在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、目的状语和定语等。
①作主语如:
TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant
.=It’sveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell
②作表语如:
Mydreamistobeareporter.
③作宾语如:
Iwanttobeanactor.
Ifinditinterestingtoplaybasketball.
④作宾补如:
Theteacheraskedustofinishthehomeworkintime.
⑤作目的状语如:
Hewenttheretoseehisuncle.
⑥作定语如:
Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
(3)常考词组和句型:
①后面常用动词不定式作宾语的词有:
wouldliketodosth
(乐意做某事)
wanttodosth(想要做某事)
decidetodosth(决定做某事)
plantodosth(计划做某事)
begin/starttodosth
(开始做某事)
Trytodosth(设法做某事)
pretendtodosth(假装做某事)
hopetodosth(希望做某事)
agreetodosth(同意做某事)
learntodosth(学会做某事)
needtodosth(需要做某事)
promisetodosth
(答应做某事)
refusetodosth(拒绝做某事)
usedtodosth
(过去常做某事)
Affordtodosth
(负担得起做某事)
②后面常用动词不定式作宾补的词有:
asksb.todosth.(叫某人做某事)
tellsb.todosth.(告诉某人做某事)
allowsb.todosth.(允许某人做某事)
wishsbtodosth(希望做某事)
wantsb.todosth.(想要某人做某事)
advisesbtodosth(建议某人做某事)
invitesb.todosth.(邀请某人做某事)
expectsbtodosth(期待某人做某事)
Encouragesbtodosth(鼓励某人做某事)
Teachsbtodosth(教某人做某事)
③It代替动词不定式做形式主语和形式宾语。
(it…..todo)
如:
It'susefultolearnaforeignlanguage.(It代替动词不定式做形式主语)
Hefounditdifficulttofinishtheworkbyhimself.(it代替动词不定式做形式宾语)
注意:
It'simportantforustostudyEnglishwell.学好英语对我们来说是重要的。
(用介词“for”,表示动词不定式与形容词有主谓关系)
It'scleverofhimtoworkouttheproblem.他太聪明了,能算出了这道难题。
(用介词“of”,表示of后面的名词或代词与形容词有主谓关系)
④特殊疑问词(what,when,which,where,who,how)+todo(why除外)
如:
Idon'tknowwhentogo/wheretogo/whichtobuy.
Shedidn'ttellmewhattodo/howtodoit.
(4)几个固定不定式的词组,常放在句首,作独立成分。
toone'ssurprise使某人惊奇的是 tobeginwith首先
tobehonest老实说 totellthetruth说实话
考点2省to的动词不定式
(1)使役动词和感官动词,带动词不定式做宾补时,主动语态时不定式省“to”,被动语态时要补“to”
常考句型和词组:
makesb.dosth.使某人做某事
seesb.do/doingsth
看见某人/做了/正在做某事
let/havesb.dosth.让某人做某事
watchsbdo/doingsth
观看某人做了/正在做某事
havesb.dosth.请某人做某事
findsbdo/doingsth.
发现某人做了/正在做某事
hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事
Hearsbdo/doingsth.
听见某人做了/正在做某事
prefertodoratherthandosth.宁愿做……而不愿
wouldratherdosth.thandosth.
宁愿做……而不愿
Whydon’tyoudo…?
=Whynotdosth.?
为什么不做……?
Would/couldyouplease(not)dosth.?
请你(不)……好吗?
【课堂检测】
( )1.Whathappenswhenyouhearastrangenoiseatnight.orfindabigspiderinthecornerofyourbedroom?
Itoftenmakesus________.
A.jumpB.tojumpC.jumpingD.jumped
( )2.Myparentsdidn’tallowme______totheparty.
A.go B.togo C.goes D.went
( )3.—DoesMaryonlyhave
anappleforbreakfast?
—Yes.Sheeatslikeabird______.
A.towakeupB.tobestrongC.toloseweightD.tofallasleep
( )4..It'sratherhotintheroom.You'dbetter thewindowsorthedoor.
A.closeB.nottocloseC.don'tcloseD.notclose
( )5.Paulmadeanicecage thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
考点3动名词(动词ing形式)
(1)结构:
do+ing
(2)用法:
常在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、伴随状语和定语
①作主语如:
Doingsportsisgoodforourhealth.
②作宾语如:
Ihavefinishedreadingthebook.
③作宾补如:
Ifoundhimplayingbasketballontheplaygroundjustnow.
后面常跟动名词作宾语的词有:
hear/find/see/watch/noticesbdoingsth听见/发现/看见/观看/注意到某人正在做某事
④作伴随状语如:
Thelittleboysatunderthetreealone,readingastorybook.
⑤作定语如:
MyfatheriswatchingTVinthelivingroom.
⑥作表语如:
Myhobbyisplayingfootball.
(3)常考词组和句型:
enjoy/likedoingsth(喜欢做某事)
feellikedoingsth(想要做某事)
keepdoingsth(保持做某事)
hatedoingsth(讨厌做某事)
minddoingsth(介意做某事)
spendtimedoingsth(花时间做某事)
finishdoingsth(完成做某事)
practisedoingsth(练习做某事)
considerdoingsth(考虑做某事)
can'thelpdoingsth(禁不住做某事)
bebusydoingsth(忙于做某事)
beworthdoingsth(值得做某事)
havefundoingsth(玩得开心)
haveproblems/troubledoingsth(做某事有困难)
注意:
所有的介词(in,at,for,of,from,up,about,to)后+doing,下列几个词组的“to”为介词
be/getusedtodoing习惯于做某事preferdoingtodoing宁愿做……而不愿
lookforwardtodoing盼望着做某事payattentiontodoing注意做某事
makeacontributiontodoing为……做贡献helponeselftosth.请自便
考点4:
非谓语动词易混词组辨析
stoptodosth停下来做另一件事 stopdoingsth.停止做某事
remembertodosth记得将做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做了某事
forgettodosth.忘记将做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做了某事
goondoingsth继续做同一件事goontodosth.接着做另一件事
havesb.dosth.请人做某事havesth.done请人做某事
【课堂检测】
()1.SofartheexchangeprogramhasbroughtmanyforeignerstoChina______Chinese.
A.studyB.tostudyC.studyingD.Studied
()2.Westopped_________,buttherewasnotanysound.
A.tolistenB.listensC.listenD.listening
()3.Iwilltrymybesttostopmysonfrom_____thesamemistake.
A.makeB.madeC.makesD.making
( )4.Seeingtheirteacher intotheclassroom,theystopped atonce.
A.walk;tellingB.entering;tospeakC.enter;totellD.walking;talking
( )5.—Wouldyoulike campingwithme?
—I'dliketo.ButI'mbusy myhomework.
A.togo;todoB.togo;doingC.going;todoD.going;doing
【中考回放】
()1.Liveornot,afamousAmericanactor,wasalwaysexpecting______anOscarandfinallyhemadeit.(2016广东省卷)
A.towinB.willwinC.nottowinD.notwinning
()2.Weadviseparents_____theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.(2015广东省卷)
A.notleaveB.nottoleaveC.leaveD.toleave
()3.Inorder forthemeeting,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.(2014广东省卷)
A.nottobelateB.notbeinglateC.tobelateD.beinglate
()4.—Ididn'thearyoucomeinjustnow.
—That'sgood.Wetried anynoise,foryou'resleeping.(2013广东省卷)
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.tomakeD.making
()5.Ittookmetwoweeks readingthenovelswrittenbyGuoJingming.(2012广东省卷)
A.finish B.tofinish C.finishes D.finishing
【真题演练】
()1.—Whatdoesthesign
mean?
—Ittellsus____________inpublic.(2016咸宁)
A.didn’tsmokeB.don’tsmokeC.nottosmokeD.notsmoke
()2.—Whatawonderfulmatchitis!
—Soitis.It’sworth________.(2016铜仁)
A.readingB.watchingC.seeingD.looking
()3.ThebossaskedTimtogoandoutiftherewasanyoneelseabsent.(2016河南)
A.findB.findingC.tofindD.found
()4.Thoughsheoftenmakesherlittlebrother______,shewasmade______byhim
thismorning.(2016龙东)
A.cry;tocryB.tocry;cryC.cry;cryD.tocry;crying
()5.Weadviseparents______theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemaway
fromdanger.(2016龙东)
A.notleaveB.notleaveC.notleavingD.nottoleave
()6.Ioftenhearthelittlegirl______thepianointhenextroom.(2016龙东)
A.practicingplayingB.practicetoplayC.practiceplayingD.topracticeplaying
()7.MountXiaoleiisnotfarawayfromhere,butitwillstilltakeusafewhours______therebybike.(2016黄石)
A.gettingB.togetC.gotD.get
()8.Whenyouaretired,________inthecountrysideisawonderfulexperience.(2016孝感)
A.relaxingB.relaxedC.relaxD.relaxes
()9.—Ithinkyoushouldstop______himinEnglish.
—Isee.Hecan’tunderstandEnglishatall.LetmetryinFrench.(2016咸宁)
A.talkingtoB.totalktoC.talktoD.totalkingto
()10.Iboughtabigbox________booksforkidsinpoorareas.(2016长春)
A.collectsB.tocollectC.collectD.collected
()11.Theshowwassofunnythatitmadeeveryone______againandagain(2016济宁)
A.laughB.laughedC.laughingD.tolaugh
()12.Howkindyouare!
Youalwaysdowhatyoucan______others.(2016绵阳)
A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp
()13.—HaveyoureadthebookJaneEyre?
—Yes.It’safamousbookandIdecideitagain.(2016南京)
A.reading
B.toread
C.toberead
D.read
()14.Wehaveworkedsolong.Shallwestop______arest?
(2016青岛)
A.haveB.tohavingC.havingD.tohave
()15.IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingofferedmetowatchanopera.(2016天津)
A.tookB.takesC.totakeD.taking
()16.Ihopeeveryonecancareabout______theenvironmentandstop______things.
(2016西宁)
A.protecting;wastingB.protecting;towaste
C.protect;wastingD.protect;towaste
()17.I
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