职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530128.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530128.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530128
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-128
1、IntellectualDisability
Peoplewithintellectualdisabilityformoneofthelargestsingledisabilitygroupsinacommunity.Intellectualdisabilityreferstoageneralslownesstolearnandfunctionwithinsociety,andtheidentificationofintellectualdisabilityisusuallybasedonanassessmentofaperson'sperformanceinavarietyoftests.Anindividual'slevelofperformance,asassessed,canchangewithtimeandcircumstances.Withskilledtrainingandopportunityfordevelopment,peoplewithintellectualdisabilityhavemuchgreaterpotentialforacquiringskillsandforparticipationincommunitylifethanpreviouslyhadbeenthoughtpossible.
Inmanywesternsocieties,fivecategoriesofintellectualdisabilityhavetraditionallybeenusedinordertoindicatetheperceiveddegreeofdifficultyanindividualhaswithlearning.Allfivemayoccurineitherchildren,adolescentoradult,andshowasmild,moderate,severe,profoundormultipleintellectualdisability.
Forthemajorityofintellectualdisabilities,thereisnoidentifiablecausebuttherearesomecausesthatarewelldocumented.Theyinclude:
braindamageatbirthduetolackofoxygen—prolongedlaborduringchildbirth;braindamagebeforebirthduetofactorssuchasrubella(风疹),drugordiet-relatedproblems;damageafterbirthduetoillnessessuchasencephalitis(脑膜炎)oraccident;hereditarydefectsinthegenes;abnormalchromosomecountresultingin,forexample,DownSyndrome(唐氏综合症).
Likeeveryoneelse,peoplewithanintellectualdisabilityneedarewardingjob,asatisfyingplacetoliveandagoodsociallife.Buttheymayneedextrasupporttoachievethesethings.Goodsupportservicesarebasedontheprincipleofnormalization—whichmeansenablingpeopletobepartofthecommunitylikeeveryoneelse,
Withtheintroductionoftheintellectuallydisabledintocommunities,thereisaneedtopromoteawarenessofcommunication.Althoughmanypeoplemayhavelittleexperienceintalkingwithanintellectuallydisabledperson,therearecommonguidelinesthatcansimplifytheinteraction.Firstly,itisusefultorememberthatpeoplewithdisabilitieshavefeelings.Speakinginthesamefriendlymannerasyouwouldtoanyoneelseisalsorecommended.Beingpreparedtowaitalittlelongerforrepliesduringaconversationwithanintellectuallydisabledpersonwouldundoubtedlybenefittheexchange.
Paragraphl____.
【单选题】
A.Whatdopeoplewithanintellectualdisabilityneed
B.Whatisintellectualdisability
C.Howdopeoplewithanintellectualdisabilitytalk
D.Whataretheformsofintellectualdisability
E.Whatcausesintellectualdisability
F.Howdoyoutalktoapersonwithanintellectualdisability
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
第一段没有主题句,该段主要介绍了智力障碍的定义以及随着时间和环境的变化,患者的智力也会出现一些变化。
由此推断,该段回答了B选项“Whatisintellectualdisability?
”所提问题,故B为正确答案。
2、Computercrimes
Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusiness,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.
It'seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing,butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetectedbutit'sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.
Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardsshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoffthecompanythatwasbeingrobbedunlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.
Why?
Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundouttheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggledthemostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany'sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.
Theunderlyingreasonforthecomputercriminalstogetrecommendationsheneedsisthat____.【单选题】
A.theyhaveskillsformidablydifficultforotherstomaster
B.theemployersareafraidthattheywouldtakeavengeifpunished
C.theemployersaremuchafraidofbringingthepublicintodisbelieftowardsthemthroughthecriminalswordsinopencourt
D.thosewhocommitcrimesdonotmeanbad
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
雇主对计算机犯罪者的宽容可能有各种原因。
A、B、C、D所说的情形,在现实中都可以出现,但文中提到的只有C项,参见末段。
3、GunRightsintheUS
ImmediatelyaftertheshootingatVirginiaTechUniversity,Americansgatheredtomournthedead.Thepresidentandthestategovernorbothhurriedtheretosharethegrief.ButthemajorityofAmericansstillclingtotheirrighttoownweapons.
Strictlyspeaking,theUSisnottheonlycountrywheregunviolencehasdestroyedlives,familiesandcommunitiesineverydaycircumstance.ButtheUSisoneofthefewcountriesthatseemsunwillingandpoliticallyincapableofdoinganythingserioustostopit.
IncountrieslikeBritainandCanada.Thegovernmentadoptedstricterguncontrolsoonafterseriousgunviolenceincidents.USleaders,however,areheldhostagebythegunlobbyandtheelectoralsystem.
ThepowerfulNationalRifleAssociation,themajorsupporterofgunrightsintheUS,istoostrongforanypartytotakeon.MostRepublicansopposeguncontrolsanyway.Overtheyears,theDemocratshavefoundthattheycaneithercampaignforguncontrolorwinpower,notboth;theypreferpower.
AccordingtotheUSBureauofJusticeStatistics,firearmincidentsaccountedforninepercentofthe4.7millionviolentcrimesin2005.So,althoughopinionpollsshowmostAmericanswantstrictergunlaws,manydon'twanttogiveuptheirarmstheykeeptoprotectthemselves.
DaveHancock,aVirginiagunlover,isoneexample.Inaninterviewhesaid."IfoneprofessorinVirginiaincidenthadbeencarryingalegalweapontheymighthavebeenabletostopallthis."Inhisopinion,themassacreisanargumentformorepeopletocarry,weapons,notfewer.
ButattherootofAmericans'clingingtotherighttobeararmsisnotjustafearofcrime,butamistrustof____,commentedUK'sGuardiannewspaper.
OneVirginiaresident,whohadapermittocarry;aconcealedfirearm,toldtheGuardianthinitwaseveryAmerican'sresponsibilitytohaveagun.
"Eachperson,"hesaid,"shouldnotrelysolelyonthegovernmentforprotection."
【单选题】
A.government
B.guards
C.students
D.professors
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
解出本题的关键就是mistrust,意思是不信任、不相信。
所以应选A。
4、Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.【单选题】
A.happy
B.healthy
C.naughty
D.busy
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
所有的小学生看起来都很高兴。
本题难度不大,考察的是基本意义,干扰项干扰不大,cheerful和happy都有“高兴的”的意思,是近义词,其他选项都是常用词汇,和答案意义差异大,最佳答案是A。
5、CollegeNightOwlsHaveLowerGrades
Collegestudentswhoaremorningpeopletendtogetbettergradesthanthosewhoarenightowls(晚睡的人),accordingtoUniversityofNorthTexasresearchers.
Theyhad824undergraduate(大学本科生的)studentscompleteahealthsurveythatincludedquestionsaboutsleephabitsanddaytimefunctioning,andfoundthatstudentswhoaremorningpeoplehadhighergradepointaverages(GPAs)thanthosewhoarenightpeople.
"ThefindingthatcollegestudentswhoareeveningtypeshavelowerGPAsisaveryimportantfinding,suretomakeitswayintoundergraduatepsychologytextsinthenearfuture,alongwiththeresearchshowingthatmemoryisimprovedbysleep,"studyco-authorDanietJ.Taylorsaidinapreparedstatement.
"Further,theseresultssuggestthatitmightbepossibletoimproveacademicperformancebyusingchronotherapy(时间疗法)tohelpstudentsretraintheirbiologicalclocktobecomemoremorningtypes,"Taylorsaid.
TheresearchwasexpectedtobepresentedMondayatSLEEP,theannualmeetingoftheAssociatedProfessional(专业的)SleepSocieties,inBaltimore.
Inotherfindingsexpectedtobeheardatthemeeting,UniversityofColoradoresearchersfoundasignificantassociationbetweeninsomnia(失眠)andadeclineincollegestudents'academicperformance.
Thestudyincluded64psychology,nursingandmedicalstudents,averageage27.4years,whoweredividedintotwogroups—lowGPAsandhighGPAs.
AmongthosewithlowGPAs,69.7percenthadtroublefallingasleep,53.1percentexperiencedlegkicksortwitches(痉挛)atnight,65.6percentreportedwakingatnightandhavingtroublefallingbacktosleep,and72.7percenthaddifficultyconcentratingduringtheday.
"Incollegestudents,thecomplaintofdifficultyconcentratingduringthedaycontinuestohaveaconsiderableimpactontheirabilitytosucceedintheclassroom,"studyauthorDr.JamesF.Pagelsaidinapreparedstatement."Thisstudyshowedthatdisorderedsleephassignificantharmfuleffectsonastudent'sacademicperformance,includingGPAs."
Mr.Taylorbelievedthatthefindingoftheirstudywouldsoon______.【单选题】
A.becriticizedbypsychologystudents
B.beconfirmedbypsychologicalstudies
C.beinclu
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