Unit1 ScienceFictionLearning About Language 学案.docx
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Unit1 ScienceFictionLearning About Language 学案.docx
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Unit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguage学案
Unit1 ScienceFiction
LearningAboutLanguage
语法精讲·素养提升
被动语态(PassiveVoice)
观察上面对话,并完成句子
(1)Iwastold(tell)nottotakeanybody’sbelongingswithoutpermissionswhenIwaslittle.
(2)Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompleted(complete)inBeijing.
(3)Thenewswouldbesentto(send)thesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.
一、被动语态常用于以下两种情况:
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
*RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.
中国南方种植水稻。
2.强调动作的承受者。
*Thetreewasbrokenbythatboy.
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
二、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
(1)间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变;
(2)直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
*Hetoldusastory.
他给我们讲故事。
→Weweretoldastorybyhim.
我们听(他讲)故事。
→Astorywastoldtousbyhim.
故事由他给我们讲。
2.动词短语视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。
*Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.
她将会好好照顾孩子们。
→Thechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.
孩子们将由她来好好照顾。
3.复合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。
注意:
省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to必须补上。
例如:
*Someonesawhimswiminthelakeyesterday.
→Hewasseentoswiminthelakeyesterday.
4.特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:
一般用“By+疑问词”开头。
*Whohasbrokenthecup?
谁打碎了杯子?
→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?
杯子被谁打碎了?
【即学活用】
(1)MyEnglishnameisWalter.ItwasgivenbymyEnglishprofessorwhenIwasattheuniversity.
我的英文名是Walter,它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。
(2)Hermoneyhasbeenrunoutofandherpatienceisalsorunningout.
她的钱已经用完了,她的耐心也要耗尽了。
(3)Iwasmadetocrybythemovingmovie.
我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。
三、被动语态和过去分词作表语
1.意义差别:
被动语态强调动作;过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。
如:
*Thewindowisbroken.
窗子破了。
*Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.
窗子被他打破了。
2.用法差别:
过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征,可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰。
如:
*Hewasveryinterestedinscience.
他对科学有极大的兴趣。
(系表结构)
*IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn’tknowwhattodo.
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。
(被动语态)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Iwaspleasedtohear(hear)you’vebeenpromoted.
(2)Hewaspleasedbyhisteacher’spraise.
(3)Iwasquitesurprisedwiththesignificanceofthefindings.
(4)Everyonewassurprisedbythespeedwithwhichthedisputewassettled.
四、常见主动表被动的情况
1.有些动词(cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等)常用主动形式表被动。
如:
*Thispenwritessmoothly.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
*Thiscarsellswell.
这车很畅销。
2.在某些形容词(hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible,convenient,cheap,expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。
如:
*Englishiseasytolearn.
英语很容易学。
*Theboxisheavytocarry.
这箱子重得搬不动。
3.“半系动词+形容词”结构,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnout等。
如:
*Thefoodinthisrestauranttastesgood.
这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。
*Thenewsturnedout(tobe)true.
这消息原来是真的。
4.need,want,require,deserve,beworth后面接动词的-ing形式,主动表被动。
*Thenovelisworthreading.这本小说值得一读。
*Theoldhouserequiresrepairing.这所旧房子需要修理。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Thiskindofknifecuts(cut)well.
(2)Yourwritingisreallydifficulttoread(read).
(3)Thatsounds(sound)great.Dealmein!
(4)Alltheoldcarpetsneedreplacing/tobereplaced(replace).
五、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。
如:
fit,have,marry,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。
【即学活用】完成句子
(1)Apersonwhoistrulyhonestiscalledastraightarrow.
直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
(2)Youwillbeaskedalotofstrangequestionsbythem.
他们将问你许多怪题。
(3)BylastDecemberthreeshipshadbeenbuiltbythem.
到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
(4)Ihavesomeclothestowash.
我有一些衣服要洗。
(5)Yourideaprovedtobewrong.
你的想法证实是错的。
(6)Thebooksellsquickly.
书销售得快。
(7)Willmoregasbeneeded?
需要更多的煤气吗?
(8)Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.
这音乐不好听。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Theyaregoingtobesent(send)toworkinTibetfortwoyears.
2.—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyouareoffered(offer)thisjob?
—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary.
3.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasbeingdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopichasbeenchanged(change).
4.Muchprogressisbeingmade(make)inChinawiththehelpofthepeople’shardwork.
5.Nowadays,morenewtechnologiesarebeingapplied(apply)inthefieldofIT.
6.Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewasaccused(accuse)ofcheatingcustomers.
7.Youarenotallowedtogointothemeetingroom.Asecretplanisbeingdiscussed(discuss)there.
8.Thesurfaceofthistablefeelssosmooth.Ithinkitiswellworthbuying(buy).
9.Themanagerwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsoftheticketshadbeenbooked(book).
10.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayhasbeendecided(decide).
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写为被动语态
1.WehavestudiedEnglishfor3yearsatthespare-timeschool.
→Englishhasbeenstudiedbyusfor3yearsatthespare-timeschool.
2.Theyhadproduced100tractorsbytheendoflastyear.
→100tractorshadbeenproducedbytheendoflastyear.
3.Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.
→Wehavebeenwarnedtobecarefulofratsbythem.
4.Wemustkeepthisinmind.
→Thismustbekeptinmind.
5.Weshallnotusethewashingmachineagain.
→Thewashingmachinewillnotbeusedagain.
6.Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.
→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.
7.Heshowedmeaticket.
→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.
→Iwasshownaticketbyhim.
8.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickpeople.
→Thesickpeoplearebeingtakencareofbythenurse.
请用被动语态介绍你喜欢的一部科幻小说。
1.《弗兰肯斯坦》(Frankenstein)是玛丽·雪莱(MarryShelley)写的一篇科幻小说。
2.这本小说被认为是英国文学史上最早的科幻小说之一。
3.这本小说出版后,受到广泛关注。
4.小说的故事基于科学、想象和自身经历。
5.这本小说已被翻译成多种语言。
FrankensteinisasciencefictionwhichwaswrittenbyMarryShelley.ItisregardedasoneoftheearliestsciencefictionsinEnglishliterature.Afterthenovelwaspublished,itdrewwideattention.Thestoryofthenovelisbasedonscience,imaginationandpersonalexperiences.Thenovelhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
课时素养评价
二 Unit1 LearningAboutLanguage
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Thisstorywasoriginally(origin)writtenbyfamoussciencefictionwriterIsaacAsimov.
2.Thenewstylerobotwillbetested(test)outinClaire’shouse.
3.Whenherhusbandwasawayonbusiness,Clairewaslooked(look)afterbyarobotthatlookedlikesohuman.
4.Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewas(being)offered(offer)sympathybyarobot,butshegraduallybegantotrusthim.
5.Manybookshavebeenscanned(scan)byTonysincehecametoClaire’shouse.
6.Whenthesaleswomanwasrudetoher,ClairerangTonyandtoldhimthatshewasbeingtreated(treat)badly.
7.Howawfulitwastobediscovered(discover)talkingtoamanbyGladysClaffern!
8.Itwasexpected(expect)thatthehouse,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,wouldbereadythenextday.
9.Withthenovelbeingtranslated/translated(translate)intomanyforeignlanguages,itbecameworldfamous.
10.Theenvironmentalproblemwasbeingdiscussed(discuss)atthemeetingwhenIwalkedintheroom.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.PeoplesaythatMaryShelleyisoneofthefirstfictionwritersinEnglishliterature.
→ItissaidthatMaryShelleyisoneofthefirstfictionwritersinEnglishliterature.
2.IhavereadmostofMoYan’snovels.
→IhavereadmostofthenovelswrittenbyMoYan.
3.Thepolicemantellsthechildrennottoplayinthestreet.
→Thechildrenaretoldbythepolicemannottoplayinthestreet.
4.Dotheyplanttreesinandaroundourcityeveryyear?
→Aretreesplantedbytheminandaroundourcityeveryyear?
5.ApainfulaccidentinspiredKaleyCuocotomakebeautifulmusicforhomelessanimals.
→KaleyCuocowasinspiredbyapainfulaccidenttomakebeautifulmusicforhomelessanimals.
6.In1849peoplediscoveredgoldinCaliforniainthemountainsnearSanFranciscoandsostartedthefamousGoldRush.
→In1849goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniainthemountainsnearSanFranciscoandsostartedthefamousGoldRush.
7.OurEnglishteachercaughthimcheatingintheexamination.
→HewascaughtcheatingbyourEnglishteacherintheexamination.
8.ManypeopleintheworldspeakEnglish.
→Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Wanttogetyourpackagedeliveredviarobots?
Nowthere’sanappforthat.IfyouliveinWashingtonD.C.,orRedwood,youmayhaveglimpsedasmall,boxyrobotrollingalongalocalsidewalk,mindingitsownbusiness,butattractingtheattentionofmanycuriousonlookers.
TheautonomousmachineswerepartofapilotprogramlastyearbyStarshipTechnologiesfocusingondeliveringmealsfromlocalrestaurantsindozensofcitiesaroundtheworld.Thisweek,thecompanyunveiledplanstobroadenitsdeliveryservicebeyondfoodtoincludepackage,amovethatledittodeclareitself“theworld’sfirstrobotpackagedeliveryservice”.Thenexttimeyouorderfood,thiscuterobotmightrolluptodeliverit.Thepackagedeliveryserviceisnotavailabletoeveryoneyet.
Thewheeledrobotshaveatopspeedof4mphandcandetectobstaclesfrom30feetaway.“Therobotcanoperatethroughanything,”NickHandrick,headofoperationsforStarship’sD.C.office,said,“Ifyouhadsomethingintheway—astick—it’sabletoclimbsticks.”
Tosignupfortheservice,whichcostsalittlemorethan$10permonth,customersneedtodownloadthecompany’sapp.Customersthencreatea“StarshipDeliveryAddress”,auniqueaddressinsideaStarshipfacility,wheretheycanhavepackagesentfromplacessuchasAmazon.com.OnceapackageisdeliveredtotheStarshipaddress,customersreceiveatextnotificationthatallowsthemtoscheduleahomedeliveryviarobot.Therobotsareopenedbycustomersviaamobilephonecode.
Barr
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