国际经济学复习范围.docx
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国际经济学复习范围.docx
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国际经济学复习范围
《国际经济学》复习围
题型:
一、名词解释(共5小题,每小题3分,共15分)
二、判断题(共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)
三、简答题(共5小题,每小题8分,共40分)
四、论述题(共2题,每题15分,共30分)
围:
I.Explainthefollowingterms.
1.Interindustrytrade
2.Intraindustrytrade
3.Intraproducttrade
4.TheBalanceofPayment
Acountry’sbalanceofpaymentsaccountskeeptrackofbothitspaymentstoanditsreceiptsfromforeigners.
Everyinternationaltransactionautomaticallyentersthebalanceofpaymentstwice:
onceasacredit(+)andonceasadebit(-).
5.ComparativeAdvantage
Acountryhasacomparativeadvantageinproducingagoodsiftheopportunitycostofproducingthatgoodsintermsofothergoodsislowerinthatcountrythanitisinothercountries.
6.Stolper-SamuelsonTheorem(effect)
Iftherelativepriceofagoodincreases,holdingfactorsuppliesconstant,thenthenominalandrealreturn(intermsofbothgoods)tothefactorusedintensivelyintheproductionofthatgoodincreases,whilethenominalandrealreturn(intermsofbothgoods)totheotherfactordecreases.
Thereverseisalsotrue.
7.Heckscher-OhlinTheorem
Acountrywillexportthatcommoditywhichusesintensivelyitsabundantfactorandimportthatcommoditywhichusesintensivelyitsscarcefactor.
8.Factor-PriceEqualizationTheorem
Internationaltradeleadstocompleteequalizationintherelativeandabsolutereturnstohomogeneousfactorsacrosscountries.
Itimpliesthatinternationaltradeisasubstitutefortheinternationalmobilityoffactors.
9.Optimumtariff
Thetariffratethatmaximizesnationalwelfare
Itisalwayspositivebutlessthantheprohibitiveratethatwouldeliminateallimports.
Itiszeroforasmallcountrybecauseitcannotaffectitstermsoftrade.
10.ExchangeRateOvershooting
11.purchasingpowerparity(PPP)
Theexchangeratebetweentwocounties’currenciesequalstheratioofthecounties’pricelevels.
Itcomparesaveragepricesacrosscountries.
12.Lawofoneprice
Identicalgoodssoldindifferentcountriesmustsellforthesamepricewhentheirpricesareexpressedintermsofthesamecurrency.
13.TheFisherEffect
Itisahypothesisininternationalfinancethatsuggestsdifferencesinnominalinterestratesreflectexpectedchangesinthespotexchangeratebetweencountries.hehypothesisspecificallystatesthataspotexchangerateisexpectedtochangeequallyintheoppositedirectionoftheinterestratedifferential.
14.TheJ-Curve
Ifimportsandexportsadjustgraduallytorealexchangeratechanges,theCAmayfollowaJ-curvepatternafterarealcurrencydepreciation,firstworseningandthenimproving.ItdescribesthetimelagwithwhicharealcurrencydepreciationimprovestheCA.
15.managedfloatingexchangerates
Asysteminwhichgovernmentsattempttomoderateexchangeratemovementswithoutkeepingexchangeratesrigidlyfixed.
16.sterilizedintervention
Centralbankssometimescarryoutequalforeignanddomesticassettransactionsinoppositedirectionstonullifytheimpactoftheirforeignexchangeoperationsonthedomesticmoneysupply.
17.Capitalflight
Thereservelossaccompanyingadevaluationscare
Theassociateddebitinthebalanceofpaymentsaccountsisaprivatecapitaloutflow.
18.vehiclecurrency
Acurrencythatiswidelyusedtodenominateinternationalcontractsmadebypartieswhodonotresideinthecountrythatissuesthevehiclecurrency.
19.interestparity
InterestParity:
TheBasicEquilibriumCondition
Theforeignexchangemarketisinequilibriumwhendepositsofallcurrenciesofferthesameexpectedrateofreturn.Theexpectedreturnsondepositsofanytwocurrenciesareequalwhenmeasuredinthesamecurrency.
20.inflationbias
Highinflationwithnoaveragegaininoutputthatresultsfromgovernments’policiestopreventrecession
II.GiveaT(True)oraF(False)foreachofthefollowingsayings.
涉及每章重要的知识点。
III.Answerthefollowingquestions.
1.Howaboutthebasicreasonsforwhichcountriesengageininternationaltrade?
Countriesengageininternationaltradefortwobasicreasons:
Theyaredifferentfromeachotherintermsofclimate,land,capital,labor,andtechnology.
Theytrytoachievescaleeconomiesinproduction.
2.WhataboutthebasicviewpointsoftheHeckscher-Ohlintheory?
Intherealworld,whiletradeispartlyexplainedbydifferencesinlaborproductivity,italsoreflectsdifferencesincountries’resources.
TheHeckscher-Ohlintheory:
Emphasizesresourcedifferencesastheonlysourceoftrade
Showsthatcomparativeadvantageisinfluencedby:
Relativefactorabundance(referstocountries)
Relativefactorintensity(referstogoods)
Isalsoreferredtoasthefactor-proportionstheory
3.HowabouttheInternationaleffectsofexport-biasedandimport-biasedgrowth?
Export-biasedgrowthintherestoftheworldimprovesourtermsoftrade,whileimport-biasedgrowthabroadworsensourtermsoftrade.
Export-biasedgrowthinourcountryworsensourtermsoftrade,reducingthedirectbenefitsofgrowth,whileimport-biasedgrowthleadstoanimprovementofourtermsoftrade.
4.Comparetheeffectsofatariffandofanexportsubsidyonthetermsoftrade.
Importtariffsandexportsubsidiesaffectbothrelativesupplyandrelativedemand.
RelativeDemandandSupplyEffectsofaTariff
Tariffsdriveawedgebetweenthepricesatwhichgoodsaretradedinternationally(externalprices)andthepricesatwhichtheyaretradedwithinacountry(internalprices).
Thetermsoftradecorrespondtoexternal,notinternal,prices.
EffectsofanExportSubsidy
Tariffsandexportsubsidiesareoftentreatedassimilarpoliciesbuttheyhaveoppositeeffectsonthetermsoftrade.
Example:
SupposethatHomeoffers20%subsidyonthevalueofclothexported:
ThiswillraiseHome’sinternalpriceofclothrelativetofoodby20%.
ThiswillleadHomeproducerstoproducemoreclothandlessfood.
AHomeexportsubsidyworsensHome’stermsoftradeandimprovesForeign’s.
5.Howtoexplainthateconomiesofscalecanbeeitherexternalandinternal?
Economiesofscalecanbeeither:
External
Thecostperunitdependsonthesizeoftheindustrybutnotnecessarilyonthesizeofanyonefirm.
Anindustrywilltypicallyconsistofmanysmallfirmsandbeperfectlycompetitive.
Internal
Thecostperunitdependsonthesizeofanindividualfirmbutnotnecessarilyonthatoftheindustry.
Themarketstructurewillbeimperfectlycompetitivewithlargefirmshavingacostadvantageoversmall.
Bothtypesofscaleeconomiesareimportantcausesofinternationaltrade.
6.Howaboutthebasicreasonswhyaclusteroffirmsmaybemoreefficientthananindividualfirminisolation?
Therearethreemainreasonswhyaclusteroffirmsmaybemoreefficientthananindividualfirminisolation:
Specializedsuppliers
Inmanyindustries,theproductionofgoodsandservicesandthedevelopmentofnewproductsrequirestheuseofspecializedequipmentorsupportservices.
Anindividualcompanydoesnotprovidealargeenoughmarketfortheseservicestokeepthesuppliersinbusiness.
Alocalizedindustrialclustercansolvethisproblembybringingtogethermanyfirmsthatprovidealargeenoughmarkettosupportspecializedsuppliers.
Labormarketpooling
Aclusteroffirmscancreateapooledmarketforworkerswithhighlyspecializedskills.
Itisanadvantagefor:
Producers
Theyarelesslikelytosufferfromlaborshortages.
Workers
Theyarelesslikelytobecomeunemployed.
Knowledgespillovers
Knowledgeisoneoftheimportantinputfactorsinhighlyinnovativeindustries.
Thespecializedknowledgethatiscrucialtosuccessininnovativeindustriescomesfrom:
Researchanddevelopmentefforts
Reverseengineering
Informalexchangeofinformationandideas
7.Howabouttheeffectsofanexportsubsidy?
Exportsubsidy
Apaymentbythegovernmenttoafirmorindividualthatshipsagoodabroad
Itcanbeeitherspecificoradvalorem.
Anexportsubsidyraisespricesintheexportingcountrywhileloweringthemintheimportingcountry.
Inaddition,andincontrasttoatariff,theexportsubsidyworsensthetermsoftrade.
Anexportsubsidyunambiguouslyleadstocoststhatexceeditsbenefits.
8.Trytocomparetheoptionsofimport-substitutingindustrializationandexport-orientedindustrialization.
Atariffthatreducesimportsalsonecessarilyreducesexports.
Untilthe1970smanydevelopingcountrieswereskepticalaboutthepossibilityofexportingmanufacturedgoods.
Inmanycases,import-substitutingindustrializationpoliciesdovetailednaturallywithexistingpoliticalbiases.
9.Whatarethevolumeeffectandvalueeffectofarealexchangerate?
10.HowdoesdisposableincomechangesaffecttheCurrentAccount?
Anincreaseindisposableincome(Yd)worsenstheCA.
AriseinYdcausesdomesticconsumerstoincreasetheirspendingonallgoods.
11.Howabouttheinterestparityconditions?
Theexpectedreturnsondepositsofanytwocurrenciesareequalwhenmeasuredinthesamecurrency.
Itimpliesthatpotentialholdersofforeigncurrencydepositsviewthemallasequallydesirableassets.
Theexpectedratesofreturnareequalwhen:
R$=R€+(Ee$/€-E$/€)/E$/€
12.Howdochangesinthecurrentexchangerateaffectexpectedreturns?
Depreciationofacountry’scurrencytodaylowerstheexpecteddomesticcurrencyreturnonforeigncurrencydeposits.
Appreciationofthedomesticcurrencytodayraisesthedomesticcurrencyreturnexpectedofforeigncurrencydeposits.
13.Howabouttheeffectofchangingexpectationsonthecurrentexchangerate?
TheEffectofChangingExpectationsontheCurrentExchangeRate
Ariseintheexpectedfutureexchangeratecausesariseinthecurrentexchangerate.
Afallintheexpectedfutureexchangeratecausesaf
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- 国际 经济学 复习 范围
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