xx英文文献.docx
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xx英文文献.docx
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xx英文文献
英文文献翻译
学院:
建筑工程学院
专业:
土木工程
学号:
09281140210
姓名:
邢文华
指导教师:
于景杰
Foundationtreatmentandfoundationdesign
Abstract:
thefoundationdesignincludesthebasicdesignandhandlingofthefoundation,thetwoareinseparable.Foundationtreatmentisdirectlyrelatedtotheselectionandcostbasis.Thispaperdiscussesgroundhandlingandbasicdesignofthe.Foundationdesign,theselectionmustbebasedonthecarryingcapacityandthecostoftheprojectwascarriedouttodeterminethevariousaspectsofthecomprehensivesoilloadofupperstructure,foundation.
Keyword:
Foundation;Afterpouringzone;Pilecapsettlement.
1.Foreword
Foundationistheconnectionbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundation.Basedontheloadofbuildingverticalsystemcametotheground.Fromtheplanevisible,verticalstructuresystemwillloadonbit,ordistributionprofile,butasthesupportingmechanismofthefoundation,providesadistributionofbearingcapacity.
Ifthefoundationbearingcapacityisenough,isthebasisofthedistributioncanbethesamewiththedistributionofverticalstructure.Butsometimesduetosoilorloadcondition,needstousethefullshopoffoundation.Cuttingthefoundationhasexpandedtheadvantagesofgroundcontactsurface,butcomparedwiththeindependentfoundation,itscostismuchhigher,soonlywhenitisnecessarytouse.Ineithercase,thefundamentalconceptistheconcentratedloaddispersiontotheground,sothattheloaddoesnotexceedthecarryingcapacityoflong-termfoundation.Therefore,thedegreeofdispersionandfoundationbearingcapacityisinverselyproportionalto.Sometimes,thecolumncanbedirectlysupportedinthefollowingasquarebase,wallsupportedonstripfoundationarearrangedalongthelengthdirectionofthewall.Whenthebuildingisonlyafewstorieshigh,onlyneedtouseacombinationofsquarefoundationfoundationandpillarwallunderload,oftenenoughtopasstotheground.Theseisolatedfoundationavailablefoundationbeamconnected,tostrengthenthecapacityofresistingearthquakebased.Onlyinthefoundationisweak,orbuildingsundertheconditionofrelativelyhigh,onlyneedtousecuttingfoundation.Theverticalstructureofmostbuildings,walls,columnscanbeusedintherespectivebasearerespectivelysupportedontheground.Middlegroundconditionsmayrequireadditionalbasicarchorprestressedbeamconnectedcomponent,whichcanloadmoreevenlythanindependentfoundation.
Ifinsufficientbearingcapacityoffoundation,youcanjudgeforsoftfoundation,musttakemeasurestotreatsoftfoundation.Theweakfoundationmeansmainlyconsistsofsilt,siltysoil,alluvialsoil,orotherhighcompressibilitysoillayerofmiscellaneousfillingfoundation.Inthelocalscopeofbuildingonthefoundationwithhighcompressibilitysoilshouldbeconsidered,accordingtothelocalsoftsoil.Survey,shouldidentifythesoftsoillayeruniformity,composition,distributionandsoilconditions,toprovidethecorrespondingparametersaccordingtotheproposedmethodofgroundtreatment.Dredgerfillisshouldunderstandthedrainageconsolidationconditions.Miscellaneousfillshouldidentifytheaccumulationofhistory,clearunderself-weightcollapsiblebasicfactorsofstability,etc..
Inthepreliminarycalculation,thebestfirsttocalculateroughlytheweightofhousingstructure,andassumingitevenlydistributedinthewholearea,towaituntiltheaverageload,bearingcapacityoffoundationcanbecomparedwiththe.Iftheallowablebearingcapacityishigherthantheaverageloadof4timesthevalueoffoundation,withindependentfoundationmaybemoreeconomicalthancuttingfoundation;ifthefoundationbearingcapacityislessthantheaverageloadof2timesthevalue,thenbuildthefoundationlaidoverinallareaofshapemaybemoreeconomical.Iftheabovetwo,withthepileorcaissonfoundation.
2.Foundationtreatment
Usingthesoftsoilasbearinglayer,canbeinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions:
(1)thesiltandsiltysoil,shouldusetheoverlyingsoilasgoodbearinglayer,whentheoverburdenisthin,shouldbetakentoavoidtheconstructionmeasuresofmuckandmuckysoildisturbance;
(2)thedredgerfill,constructionwasteandstableperformanceoftheindustrialwaste,whentheuniformityandcompactnessisbetter,canbeusedasbearinglayer;
(3)totheorganicmattercontentofmoregarbageandcorrosiveindustrialwasteonthebasisofmiscellaneousfill,withouttreatmentshouldnotbeusedasload-bearingstratum.Localsoftsoilanddarkpond,ditch,foundationbeam,canbeusedforsoil,pileorotherprocessingmethod.Intheselectionoffoundationtreatmentmethod,shouldbeintegratedintothesiteengineeringgeologicalandhydrogeologicalconditions,buildingonthefoundation,structureandtypeoffoundation,environmentalconditions,materialssupply,constructionconditionsandotherfactors,throughcomparativeanalysisoftechnicalandeconomicindicatorstheuseofmerit.
Foundationtreatmentdesign,considerationshouldbegiventotheupperstructure,foundationandfoundationinteraction,whennecessary,totakeeffectivemeasurestostrengthentheupperstructure,thestiffnessandstrengthofbuildingsontheground,inordertoincreasetheabilitytoadapttheunevendeformation.Thefoundationtreatmentmethodhasbeenselected,shouldbedesignedaccordingtothebuildingfoundationlevel,selectionofrepresentativesitesforthecorrespondingfieldtest,andthenecessarytest,totestthedesignparametersandthereinforcementeffect,andprovidesrelevantbasisforconstructionqualityinspection.
Aftertreatmentofthefoundation,asthefoundationbearingcapacitydeterminationbaseareaanddepthoffoundationbearingforcecharacteristicandvaluecorrection,correctioncoefficientofbearingcapacityoffoundationwidthzerofoundation,correctionfactorof1burieddepthoffoundationbearingcapacity.0;therearestillinforcewithinthescopeofsoftsubstratum,whichisbearingcapacityofsoftsubstratumfoundation.Onthehorizontalloadorbuiltontheslopesofthebuildingsorstructures,andsteeltank,reactormaterialfield,afterfoundationtreatmentshouldcalculatethefoundationstability.Structuralengineersneedaccordingtotherelevantstandardsareprovidedforloadbearingcapacitycalculationandthefoundationdeformationcheckvalues;accordingtothebuildingloaddifferencebetweenbuildings,contactmethod,constructionsequence,deformationpromisedvaluereasonabledesignrequirementsforfoundationaccordingtoexperienceofrelevantnormsandarea.Afterfoundationtreatment,shouldmeettherequirementsofbuildingfoundationdeformation,andthesettlementobservationduringtheconstructionperiod,thenecessaryfashionshouldcontinuetobeobservedduringtheuse,inordertoevaluatethefoundationreinforcementeffectanduseasamaintenancebasis.Thedesignofcompositefoundationbearingcapacityanddeformationshallmeetthebuildingrequirements.Soilisunconsolidatedsoil,expansivesoil,collapsibleloess,liquefiablesoilespeciallysoil,designshouldconsiderthespecialnatureofsoilreinforcementandconstructiontechnology,selectionofappropriate.Valueshouldbedeterminedbythecompositefoundationloadtestinsitecharacteristicsofcompositefoundationbearingcapacity,ortoenhancetheuseofcharacteristicsofbearingcapacityofloadtestinthebodyanditssurroundingsoilaredeterminedwiththevalueofexperience.
Thecommonfoundationtreatmentmethodsare:
thereplacementcushionmethod,dynamiccompactionmethod,sandpile,vibroflotation,cementmixingmethod,high-pressurejetgroutingmethod,preloadingmethod,tampingsoilcementpile,cementflyashgravelpile,limepilemethod,lime-soilcompactionpileandsoilcompactionpilemethod,thrusted-expanded,singleliquidsiliconandalkalietc..
(1)Treatmentofreplacementcushionmethodsuitableforsoftfoundationandunevengroundshallowlayer.Itsmainroleistoimprovethebearingcapacityofthefoundation,reducethesettlementofsoftsoil,consolidationacceleration,preventingfrostheaveandtheeliminationofexpansivesoilswelling-shrinkage.
(2)Thedynamiccompactionmethodissuitableforthetreatmentofgravel,sand,lowsaturationsiltandclaysoil,collapsibleloess,miscellaneousfillfoundationandsoiletc..Siltreplacementmethodsuitableforhighsaturation,softflowplasticclayeysoilandfoundationonthedeformationcontrolisnotstrictengineering,beforethedesignmustdetermineitsapplicabilityandeffectthroughfieldtest.Dynamiccompactionanddynamiccompactionreplacementmethodismainlyusedtoimprovethestrengthofthesoil,reducethecompressibilityofsoilliquefaction,improvetheresistanceabilityandeliminatecollapsiblesoil.Forsaturatedcohesivesoilshouldbecombinedwithsurchargepreloadingmethodandverticaldrainagemethod.
(3)Sandandgravelpilemethodsuitableforcompactionofloosesand,silt,clay,soil,miscellaneousfillfoundation,improvethebearingcapacityofthefoundationandreducecompression,canalsobeusedforthetreatmentofliquefiablefoundation.Onthecontrolofprojectnotstrictdeformationofsaturatedclayfoundationalsocanusesandpiledisplacement,makethesandpilecompositefoundationwithsoftclaystructure,acceleratetheconsolidationofthesoftsoil,improvethebearingcapacityoffoundation.
(4)Thismethoddividedthestuffandnofillertwo.Fillerisusuallycalledthevibro-replacementstonecolumn.Thismethodissuitableforthetreatmentofsand,silt,siltyclay,soilandmiscellaneousfillfoundation.Forclaywit
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